strain

View more Science videos

For more information on strain, visit Britannica.com.

Horticultural term for seed-raised plants exhibiting certain desirable characteristics but which are not stable or predictable enough when propagated to be a cultivar.

1. To pour a liquid or dry ingredient through a sieve, strainer or cheesecloth to remove undesirable particles. 2. To press soft food through the holes of a sieve, which results in a puréed texture. Food for infants or those on special diets is sometimes processed this way.

verb

To exert one's mental or physical powers, usually under difficulty and to the point of exhaustion: drive, fag, labor, moil, strive, sweat, toil, travail, tug, work. Idioms: break one'sbackneck. See work/play.

noun

1. The use of energy to do something: effort, endeavor, exertion, pain (used in plural), striving, struggle, trouble, while. Informal elbow grease. See work/play.
2. The act, condition, or effect of exerting force on someone or something: pressure, stress, tension. See push/pull.

noun

1. An intermixture of a contrasting or unexpected quality, especially in a person's character: streak, vein. See be.
2. A pleasing succession of musical tones forming a usually brief aesthetic unit: air, aria, melody, tune. Obsolete note. See sounds/pleasant sounds/unpleasant sounds/neutral sounds or silence.

Definition: pain, due to exertion
Antonyms: health, wellness

v

Definition: cause mental stress
Antonyms: calm, placate, relax, soothe

v

Definition: stretch, often to limit
Antonyms: compress, concentrate

v

Definition: work very hard
Antonyms: idle, laze, rest

A change in the form or shape of a body or material which is subjected to an external force.

1. The condition of a material being distorted by forces acting on it. Strain is measured as the ratio of deformation of the material to the dimension of the material in which the forces are being applied. Therefore, compressive strain is the ratio of contraction of the material to the original length of the material; tensile strain is the ratio of elongation of the material to its original length; and shear strain is the ratio of the deflection of the material in the direction of the shear force to the distance between shear forces.

2. Injury to a muscle or tendon due to excessive mechanical stress. See muscle strain.

A strain or variety is a subcategory of a species. For example, Gregor Mendel's (1822-1884) work with garden peas involved various strains; one strain had purple flowers while another had white.

A passage or piece of poetry; a flow of eloquence, style or spirit in expression.

A cultivar that is normally propagated by seed, retaining its desirable traits from one generation to the next.

LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!

1. a group of related individuals having certain characters that distinguish the members from other such groups within the same species or variety; a race.
2. sa line of organisms descended or derived from a particular ancestral individual.
3. (in physics) the temporary or permanent deformation of a body resulting from an applied stress.

1. to overexercise.
2. to filter.
3. an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.
4. excessive effort.
5. one or more organisms within a species or variety, characterized by some particular quality, as rough or smooth strains of bacteria.

• s. 2 Brucella suis — used in a vaccine in China against brucellosis in all target species.
• s. 19 Brucella abortus — see strain 19.
• s. 45/20 Brucella abortus — the strain of reduced virulence used as a living vaccine for adult cattle against bovine brucellosis.
• s. 51 Salmonella dublin — a rough strain with reduced virulence used in Europe to immunize young calves.
• s. RB51 Brucella abortus — a live rough mutant that will immunize cattle but does not induce a reaction to standard serological tests for brucellosis.
• s. Rev I Brucella melitensis — live attenuated strain used for vaccination in small ruminants.
• s. SC54 Salmonella cholerasuis — an avirulent organism used live in a vaccine against salmonellosis in swine.
• s. 9R Salmonella gallinarium — a rough strain used as a live vaccine against S. gallinarium and S. enteriditis in poultry.
• cell s. — see cell culture.
• compressive s. — physical stress which tends to structural compaction.
• tensile s. — physical strain which tends toward structural elongation.

1. deformation induced by an external force. 2. deformation expressed as a pure number or ratio resulting from the application of a load. 3. a traumatic stretching or compression of such tissues as the ligaments, capsule, or musculature associated with a joint. See also sprain.

• Injuries and Accidents - strain: excessive stretching of muscle
• Processes, Phenomena, Events, and Techniques - strain: change in dimensions of material due to stress
• Principles of Mechanics, Waves, and Measurement - strain: amount of distortion produced in body under stress
• Kinship and Ancestry - strain: group with common ancestry producing physiological distinctions
• Social Structure and Conditions - strain: subdivision within general race or ethnic group
• Harmony, Melody, and Structure - strain: passage of composition; melody

Look up strain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Strain can refer to:

• Strain (biology), variants of plants, viruses or bacteria; or an inbred animal used for experimental purposes
• Strain (chemistry), a chemical stress of a molecule. The effects of strain on a compound can be measured using dynamic mechanical analysis.
• Deformation (mechanics), a geometrical measure of deformation representing the relative displacement between particles in a material body, i.e. a measure of how much a given displacement differs locally from a rigid-body displacement.
• Strain (injury), an injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of over stretching
• Strain (manga), manga written by Yoshiyuki Okamura, and illustrated by Ryoichi Ikegami
• Strain (music), a series of musical phrases that create a distinct melody of a piece

People

• Strain (surname)

See also

• Strain 121, a microbe that can thrive at temperatures of 121 °C
• Ames strain, a strain of anthrax
• Strain theory (disambiguation), of which there are several
• Ring strain, another chemical concept
• Shear strain, a strain that acts parallel to the face of a material that it is acting on
• The Andromeda Strain is a science fiction book and movie adaptation
• Strained tendon, a German band
• The Acacia Strain, an American band
• Lunar Strain, the 1994 music album by In Flames
• New business strain, a financial concept
• Strainer, a type of sieve used to separate solids from liquids, e.g. in cooking.
• Strain: Strategic Armored Infantry, a 2006 anime

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
1.
v. tr. - stramme, spænde, anspænde, forstrække, forvride, belaste, anstrenge, misbruge
v. intr. - anstrenge sig, brække sig, have problemer med at sluge, filtreres
n. - belastning, forstrækning, spænding, forvridning, anstrengelse, pres, kraftpåvirkning, specifik formforandring

idioms:

• strain at    have betænkeligheder ved, hale i
• strain off    spænde af

2.
n. - herkomst, afstamning, anlæg, træk, hang, melodi, tone

Nederlands (Dutch)
afgieten, zeven, verrekken, aantrekken, samendrukken, spanning, afkomst, soort, spoor, melodie, verrekking, stemming

Français (French)
1.
v. tr. - tendre, (fig) grever, compromettre, surcharger, mettre (qch) à rude épreuve, se froisser (un muscle), se fatiguer (les yeux), filtrer, égoutter
v. intr. - pousser de toutes ses forces, faire un gros effort pour
n. - (Phys) effort, contrainte, tensions, sollicitations, effort, stress, tension, pression, fatigue, muscle froissé

idioms:

• strain at    tirer sur
• strain off    faire égoutter

2.
n. - race, souche, lignée, courant (de), tendance (à), veine, ton, air d'une chanson (npl)

Deutsch (German)
1.
v. - zerren, (über)anstrengen, belasten, dehnen, filtrieren, sich anstrengen, durchsickern
n. - Spannung, Belastung, (Ver)zerrung, Überanstrengung, Klänge, Vers

idioms:

• strain at    an etwas zerren
• strain off    abgießen

2.
n. - Sorte, Art

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - τεντώνω, καταπονώ, κουράζω, ζορίζω/-ομαι, κοπιάζω, στραγγίζω, σουρώνω, παρατεντώνω
n. - τέντωμα, ένταση, υπερένταση, (υπερ)κόπωση, προσπάθεια, κόπος, διάστρεμμα, στραμπούλισμα, καταπόνηση, μελωδία, σκοπός, συγχορδία, τόνος, ύφος, γενιά, φυλή, καταγωγή, (μικροβιακό) στέλεχος, κληρονομικός χαρακτήρας

idioms:

• strain at    τραβώ
• strain off    στραγγίζω

Italiano (Italian)
scolare, setacciare, slogare, tensione, slogatura

idioms:

• strain at    sforzarsi di
• strain off    strizzare

Português (Portuguese)
v. - pressionar, filtrar, esticar, irritar, esforçar-se
n. - esforço (m), pressão (f), raça (f), distensão (f)

idioms:

• strain at    ter escrúpulos excessivos
• strain off    coar

Русский (Russian)
натяжение, растяжение, напряжение, нагрузка, умственное переутомление, порода, наследственность, черта характера, черточка, стиль, натягивать, напрягать, выходить за пределы, процеживать

idioms:

• strain at    брезговать чем-л.
• strain off    иметь какое-л. дарование, обладать отличительной чертой

Español (Spanish)
1.
v. tr. - poner en tensión, someter a un esfuerzo, sobreexcitar, fatigar, abrumar
v. intr. - esforzarse, soportar un esfuerzo, padecer (una cosa material)
n. - tensión, ansiedad, tensión nerviosa, esfuerzo o trabajo excesivo, exceso, fatiga

idioms:

• strain at    tirar de, objetar a, resistir
• strain off    colar, cerner, tamizar

2.
n. - estirpe, linaje, familia

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - spänna, sträcka, dra åt, tänja ut, anstränga, fresta på, överanstränga, trycka
n. - spänning, töjning, påfrestning, tryck, utmattning, överansträngning, påbrå, inslag

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 拉紧, 伸张, 拖紧, 尽力睁大, 尽力, 使劲, 紧拖, 紧拉, 不肯接受, 以为不可, 过度的疲劳, 张力, 紧张

idioms:

• strain at    紧拉, 紧拖
• strain off    滤掉

2. 血缘, 世系, 种, 品种, 族, 气质, 倾向

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 血緣, 世系, 種, 品種, 族, 氣質, 傾向

2.
v. tr. - 拉緊, 伸張, 拖緊, 盡力睜大
v. intr. - 盡力, 使勁, 緊拖, 緊拉, 不肯接受, 以為不可
n. - 過度的疲勞, 張力, 緊張

idioms:

• strain at    緊拉, 緊拖
• strain off    濾掉

한국어 (Korean)
1.
v. tr. - 잡아당기다, ~을 최대한 활동 시키다, 혹사 시키다
v. intr. - 잡아 끌다, 온 힘을 다하다, 주춤하다
n. - 힘, 노력, 도도한 변설

idioms:

• strain at    ~을 잡아당기다, ~에 힘껏 노력하다, 악착 같이 일하다
• strain off    거르다, 걸러내다

2.
n. - 종족, 변종, 유전적인 성질

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 引っ張る, みはる, 最大限に働かせる, 拡大解釈する, 乱用する, 使いすぎて痛める, 違える, こぐ, 全力を尽くす, 緊張させる, 曲げる
n. - 張りつめること, 引っ張る力, 負担, 不調, 筋を違えること, 過労, 緊張状態, 種族, 品種, 素質, 曲, 歪み, 酷使

idioms:

• strain at    引っ張る, 懸命に努力する
• strain off    漉す

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) وتر, أجهد, التوى (الاسم) جهد, أنغام موسيقيه, أصل, سلاله, عرق, أرهاق, التواء‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮מתח, עיוות, שיבש משמעות, סינן, אכף (חוקים, סמכות) שלא כהלכה, הפריז במאמץ, סחט, אימץ (קולו, עיניו וכו') עד לקצה גבול היכולת‬
v. intr. - ‮התאמץ, נמתח, משך, החזיק מעמד תחת לחץ, סונן‬
n. - ‮מתיחה, לחץ, מאמץ-יתר, נקע‬
n. - ‮מגמה, אופי, סגנון, סוג, זן, נטייה תורשתית, נעימה, לחן, צליל‬

If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.