Introspection

Gestalt

Structuralists used a method of study called structural analysis. This method involved examining underlying structures and patterns in language, culture, and society to uncover hidden meanings and relationships. Key figures in structuralism include Claude Levi-Strauss in anthropology and Ferdinand de Saussure in linguistics.

Structuralists believe that language acquisition is shaped by the underlying structure of language itself, which influences how individuals learn and use language. They emphasize the importance of studying the formal rules and patterns of language to understand how language is acquired and used by individuals. Structuralists focus on the relationship between language and the human mind, suggesting that language acquisition is influenced by cognitive processes.

Pavlov and Watson focused on observable behaviors and emphasized the importance of studying behavior through scientific methods, such as experimentation and observation. This approach contrasted with the earlier viewpoints of structuralists, who focused on the structure of consciousness, psychoanalysts, who focused on unconscious drives and conflicts, and functionalists, who emphasized the adaptive functions of behavior.