A.A. Milne

A.A. Milne Click to enlarge

• Born: 18 January 1882
• Birthplace: London, England
• Died: 31 January 1956 (lengthy illness following a stroke)
• Best Known As: Creator of Winnie the Pooh

Name at birth: Alan Alexander Milne

Milne is the creator of Winnie the Pooh, the beloved stuffed bear who starred in a series of books by Milne and (much later) in the animated films of Walt Disney. Milne was an author and playwright who found his greatest success writing tales for children; his 1924 book of poetry When We Were Very Young became an enduring classic. Winnie-the-Pooh was published in 1926; the book was inspired in part by the stuffed toys of Milne's son, Christopher Robin, who appears in the stories with Pooh. Pooh's adventures were also covered in Milne's books Now We Are Six (1927) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928).

Milne's children's books were illustrated by Ernest H. Shephard... Milne was also a playwright and a frequent contributor to the British humor magazine Punch... He also authored the detective story The Red House Mystery (1922), which was famously insulted by Raymond Chandler in his essay The Simple Art of Murder.

(click to enlarge)
A.A. Milne, pen and ink drawing by P. Evans, c. 1930; in the National Portrait Gallery, London (credit: Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London)

(born Jan. 18, 1882, London, Eng. — died Jan. 31, 1956, Hartfield, Sussex) English writer. He joined the staff of Punch in 1906 and produced successful light comedies and a memorable detective novel, The Red House Mystery (1922), before verses written for his son Christopher Robin grew into the collections When We Were Very Young (1924) and Now We Are Six (1927), which became beloved classics. Stories about the adventures of Christopher Robin and the toy animals Pooh, Piglet, Kanga, Roo, Tigger, Rabbit, Owl, and Eeyore are told in the immensely popular Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928).

For more information on Alan Alexander Milne, visit Britannica.com.

A.A. Milne (1882-1956) worked as an essayist, a playwright, a poet, and an adult novelist, in addition to his important contribution as an author of juvenile books. Although he attempted to excel in all literary genres, he was master of Christopher Robin and Winnie-the-Pooh. His nature defied labels, such as "writer of children's literature," even though that was where he excelled.

Modern-day readers might be surprised to learn that A.A. Milne did more than just write children's books, specifically the four books which remain popular today: When We Were Very Young, Winnie-the-Pooh, Now We Are Six, and The House at Pooh Corner. Milne jumped from one creative venture to another, reluctant to concentrate his attention in one field for any extended period of time.

Educated in Style

Born Alan Alexander Milne on January 18, 1882, in London, England, he was the youngest child of Sarah Maria Heginbotham and John Vine Milne. His father was the headmaster at Henley House, a private school, where Milne received his early education. He shared a special kinship with his brother, Kenneth, and they remained close throughout their lives. At the age of nine, Milne and Kenneth, along with a childhood friend, dramatized a novel they had read. This exercise awakened his love of theater.

In 1893, Milne began his studies at Westminster School as a Queen's Scholar. Next he attended Cambridge University, following in his brother's footsteps. He was elected the editor of the literary magazine, Granta. Milne also wrote light verse for this publication. In 1903, he graduated with third honors in mathematics from Trinity College at Cambridge.

Lucky Offers

After completing his college education, Milne began a career as a freelance writer. Within a short time, he was hired as an assistant editor for Punch magazine. His weekly essays were consistently light in tone, but tended to ramble. Milne had two goals: to please himself and then to entertain others. During this period he also published his first novel, Lovers in London, a collection of sketches. It was considered a critical failure and has since gone out of print.

Milne became active in London society. Although he was not born into the aristocracy, it fascinated him. At times he was known to have satirized the social elite, but he was also drawn to it. Considered to be an eligible bachelor, mothers of marriageable daughters sought him out. He was a frequent guest at weekend country estates.

Loved to Make Them Laugh

On June 4, 1913, Milne married Dorothy de Selincourt. Later their son, Christopher, would write in The Enchanted Places that the couple had very few interests in common, but she laughed at his jokes. He seemed to have a need for her reassurance. The year following their wedding, Milne joined the army to offer his services at the beginning of the First World War.

Milne began as a signaling officer for the Fourth Royal Warwickshire Regiment and later served as an instructor on the Isle of Wight. Two years later he was stationed in France, where he wrote comical plays to lift the morale of the soldiers. His military service was interrupted when Milne contracted a serious fever and was sent home to recover.

Critical Acclaim

In 1917, Wurzel-Flummery, Milne's first play was produced in London. He also published Once on a Time, which was originally written as an adult fairy tale for himself and his wife. Later, it was reclassified as a juvenile fairy tale. When Milne retired from the army in 1918, he decided to continue writing plays for a living and settled in London with his family. The following year, Milne achieved his greatest success as a playwright with Mr. Pim Passes By. It was produced in Manchester, London, and New York City. Both audiences and critics loved it.

Milne's only child, Christopher Robin, was born on August 21, 1920. He drew from his young son's life, in order to create the fictional character, Christopher Robin. It was meant as a tribute, but his son grew resentful of his fame-by-association later in life. The first book of the famous four, When We Were Young, was dedicated to his son. Shortly after the birth of Christopher, Milne purchased Cotchford Farm, which became the setting for subsequent Pooh stories. Most of the animals in the series were inspired by his son's stuffed animal collection. The teddy bear was originally named after their pet swan, Pooh. Only the characters of Rabbit and Owl sprang from Milne's imagination.

Stale Drawing Rooms

Milne wanted to continue writing plays. However, after the success of the Pooh books, interest in his drawing room satires had waned. He sometimes ventured beyond the drawing room genre, but for the most part Milne seemed to fall back on what had worked for him in the past. Unfortunately, times were changing, and his lucky star was fading. No one was interested in the old-hat comedy of manners when fresh dramas from playwrights like Eugene O'Neill were being staged. Audiences turned their backs on his plays, which became increasingly mediocre. Publishers wanted more children's stories from Milne. The one exception was The Red House Mystery, which was well-received and remained a classic among mysteries.

By the 1940s, Milne shifted his energies toward writing novels, short stories, and war pamphlets. His financial situation was secure enough to permit the hiring of a cook and gardener. Milne spent his days writing from mid-morning until dinner, aside from breaks for lunch and tea. After dinner he enjoyed playing golf and completing crossword puzzles. Milne's life was pleasant, if not exciting or adventurous. Some critics have suggested that if he had not lived such a conventional life, his writing might have contained more passion.

Milne's Private World

Milne was a very reserved person. His privacy affected not only his writing but also the relationship he had with his son. Since he was not an emotionally expressive man, it was difficult for Milne to reach out to his son. He may have made an attempt through the Pooh series, by basing the Christopher Robin character on traits that he observed in his son. While they did not interact a great deal, they did enjoy occasional activities together.

Throughout his life, Milne maintained a strong sense of loyalty to friends and family. As Charlotte F. Otten writes in Dictionary of Literary Biography, "Milne valued loyalty to one's friends and relations, displaying his own loyalty to, and love for, his brother Ken, by supporting him financially during his debilitating illness. Milne continued to support Ken's family after Ken's death." His high regard for friendship carried over as a strong theme in the Pooh books. One could not overlook the strong bond between Piglet and Pooh.

In 1952, Milne suffered a stroke, which rendered him partially paralyzed. He wrote little, if anything, after that. He died in the English town of Hartfield, Sussex on January 31, 1956.

Although Milne's first priority was to write for his own pleasure, he did enjoy the praise of an audience. He was determined to escape the limits of a label and did so by becoming prolific in many different genres. However, despite other moderate successes, Milne achieved greatness in one area alone. His Winnie-the-Pooh character has delighted children throughout the world. Even college students, considerably older than the target audience, responded with Pooh Societies. His legacy lived on in the form of animated movies, songs, and merchandise for infants and adults alike. Translations of his famous four books were produced almost immediately after Winnie-the-Pooh was first published. The little honey bear had firmly established itself as an enduring classic.

Further Reading

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 160, Gale, 1996.

Milne, Christopher, The Enchanted Places, E.P. Dutton & Co., 1975.

Something about the Author, Volume 100, Gale, 1999.

Swann, Thomas Burnett, A. A. Milne, Twayne Publishers, 1971.

Milne, A. A. (Alan Alexander Milne, 1882–1956), British humorist, playwright, and children's writer. Best known for his children's poetry and for his toy stories, Winnie‐the‐Pooh (1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928), Milne was also intrigued by the form and conventions of the fairy tale and wrote a number of literary fairy tales for adults and for children. Indeed, according to his own account in It's Too Late Now (1939), as the youngest of three sons, he grew up half‐expecting the charmed future fairy tales predicted for him. At Henley House, the small school run by his father in London, he showed outstanding promise in mathematics and won a scholarship to Westminster School at the remarkably early age of 11. Deprived of his father's imaginative teaching, however, he soon lost interest in schoolwork. His hobby of writing light verse in collaboration with his brother Ken became an avocation, and at Cambridge University his chief ambition was to edit Granta, then known as the Cambridge Punch. Having scraped through with a Third Class degree in mathematics, Milne spent several precarious years in London as a freelance writer before being invited, at 24, to be Punch's assistant editor. Although his Liberal politics prevented his being asked to join the Punch Table (where editorial policy was determined) until 1910, his witty and light‐hearted sketches found an enthusiastic audience and were repeatedly collected and republished. Milne married Daphne de Sélincourt in 1913, but this happy period ended with World War I. Although Milne survived the trenches, the degrading years of military service left him a committed pacifist. After the war, he turned to playwriting—in the early 1920s, he was Britain's most popular dramatist—and, at the suggestion of Rose Fyleman, to writing light verse for children. The phenomenal success of When We Were Very Young (1924), Now We Are Six (1927), and the Pooh books left Milne unwillingly but permanently typecast as a children's writer, though he continued to publish plays, novels, stories, and essays into the early 1950s.

Like Thackeray's The Rose and the Ring and Dickens's The Magic Fishbone, the handful of fairy tales for adults Milne published in Punch before World War I and included in Those Were the Days (1929) satirized the conventions of the genre. In ‘The King's Sons’, a fairy tests the three sons by transforming herself into a dove pursued by a hawk. The youngest son, kind‐hearted Prince Goldilocks, is prompt with his bow; unfortunately, he is a poor shot, and hits the dove. ‘A Modern Cinderella’ transposes the story to present‐day London. A blasé debutante, Milne's Cinderella, is tired of balls; she kicks off her shoes at a dance—and loses one—simply because her feet are hurting. In ‘A Matter‐of‐Fact Fairy Tale’, Prince Charming sets out to kill the Giant Blunderbus and rescue Princess Beauty's brother Udo, transformed by the giant into a tortoise seven years before. Here, as in the other tales, Milne associates the fairy‐tale tradition with a sentimental and unrealistic view of life and human nature. Udo is unromantically preoccupied by his ignorance of what tortoises are supposed to eat. Prince Charming is disillusioned when the dying giant reveals that Udo is not Beauty's brother, while the lovers, reunited at last, discover that they are no longer attracted to each other.

Milne's A Gallery of Children (1925) includes his few and disappointing fairy tales for children, some of which were originally published in the annual Joy Street. Lacking the ironic bite of his fairy tales for adults, such stories as ‘Prince Rabbit’ and ‘The Princess and the Apple Tree’ seem insipid imitations of traditional folk tales. Clearly, Milne needed the fresh inspiration of his son's toy animals before he could realize his gifts as a children's writer.

His most successful experiment with the fairy tale was written for the pleasure of himself and his ‘collaborator’ Daphne, during the wartime months when, as a signals officer, he was expecting at any moment to be shipped out to France. Once on a Time, which appeared, virtually unnoticed, in 1917, takes place in the imaginary kindom of Euralia. When King Merriwig sets off to war with the neighbouring kingdom of Barodia, the wicked but delightful Countess Belvane attempts to seize power from Merriwig's shy young daughter, Hyacinth. The Princess sends to Prince Udo of Araby for help, but Belvane uses a wishing ring to transform him into a ridiculous composite animal—part‐rabbit, part‐lion, and part‐sheep. Like his predecessor in ‘A Matter‐of‐Fact Fairy Tale’, Udo becomes egotistically obsessed by the problem of what to eat, and easily succumbs to Belvane's manipulations. But Hyacinth discovers an ally—and a lover—in Udo's more intelligent companion, Coronel, and the two succeed in putting the Countess in her place. Merriwig returns triumphantly from a bloodless war and marries Belvane, Hyacinth marries Coronel, and Udo returns to Araby in his proper shape but alone.

In Once on a Time, which can be enjoyed by both adults and children, the fairy tale is no longer the target of Milne's satire but the medium through which he observes human foibles and pretensions (including such foibles as absurd and unnecessary wars). The imaginary kingdom ‘once on a time’ frees his characters from the constraints of time, place, and social milieu, while a light touch of magic reveals more clearly what they are. Having discovered this new capability of the fairy tale, Milne made similar use of it in several plays for adults. Portrait of a Gentleman in Slippers (1926), The Ivory Door (1927), and The Ugly Duckling (1941), while unsuccessful as stage plays, are closet dramas of high quality.

Bibliography

• Milne, A. A., Its Too Late Now: The Autobiography of a Writer (1939).
• Swann, Thomas Burnett, A. A. Milne (1971).
• Thwaite, Ann, A. A. Milne: The Man Behind Winnie‐the‐Pooh (1990).

— Suzanne Rahn

Quotes:

"No doubt Jack the Ripper excused himself on the grounds that it was human nature."

"If one is to be called a liar, one may as well make an effort to deserve the name."

"One of the advantages of being disorderly is that one is constantly making exciting discoveries."

"Organizing is what you do before you do something, so that when you do it, it is not all mixed up."

"Whatever fortune brings, don't be afraid of doing things."

Alan Alexander Milne
Born	18 January 1882(1882-01-18) Kilburn, London, England
Died	31 January 1956 (aged 74) Hartfield, Sussex, England
Occupation	Novelist, playwright, poet

Alan Alexander Milne (pronounced /ˈmɪln/) (18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work.

Contents 1 Life 2 Literary career 2.1 1903 to 1925 2.2 1926 to 1928 2.3 1929 onwards 3 Religious views 4 Works 4.1 Novels 4.2 Non-fiction 4.2.1 Punch articles 4.3 Selections of newspaper articles and introductions to books by others 4.4 Story collections for children 4.5 Story collections 4.6 Poetry 4.7 Plays 5 Books on Pooh and Milne 6 Films 7 References 8 External links

Life

A. A. Milne was born in Kilburn, London, England to parents John Vine Milne and Sarah Maria (née Heginbotham) and grew up at Henley House School, 6/7 Mortimer Road (now Crescent), Kilburn, London, a small independent school run by his father.^[1] One of his teachers was H. G. Wells who taught there in 1889–90.^[2] Milne attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge,^[3] where he studied on a mathematics scholarship. While there, he edited and wrote for Granta, a student magazine.^[1] He collaborated with his brother Kenneth and their articles appeared over the initials AKM. Milne's work came to the attention of the leading British humour magazine Punch, where Milne was to become a contributor and later an assistant editor.

Milne joined the British Army in World War I and served as an officer in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment and later, after a debilitating illness, the Royal Corps of Signals. After the war, he wrote a denunciation of war titled Peace with Honour (1934), which he retracted somewhat with 1940's War with Honour.^[1][4] During World War II, Milne was one of the most prominent critics of English humour writer P. G. Wodehouse, who was captured at his country home in France by the Nazis and imprisoned for a year. Wodehouse made radio broadcasts about his internment, which were broadcast from Berlin. Although the lighthearted broadcasts made fun of the Germans, Milne accused Wodehouse of committing an act of near treason by cooperating with his country's enemy. Wodehouse got some revenge on his former friend by creating fatuous parodies of the Christopher Robin poems in some of his later stories, and claiming that Milne "was probably jealous of all other writers.... But I loved his stuff."^[5]

He married Dorothy "Daphne" de Sélincourt in 1913, and their only son, Christopher Robin Milne, was born in 1920. In 1925, A. A. Milne bought a country home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex.^[6] During World War II, A. A. Milne was Captain of the Home Guard in Hartfield & Forest Row, insisting on being plain 'Mr. Milne' to the members of his platoon. He retired to the farm after a stroke and brain surgery in 1952 left him an invalid and by August 1953 "he seemed very old and disenchanted".^[7]

Literary career

1903 to 1925

After graduating from Cambridge in 1903, A. A. Milne contributed humorous verse and whimsical essays to the British humour magazine Punch,^[8][9] joining the staff in 1906 and becoming an assistant editor.^[10]

During this period he published 18 plays and 3 novels, including the murder mystery The Red House Mystery (1922). His son was born in August 1920 and in 1924 Milne produced a collection of children's poems When We Were Very Young, which were illustrated by Punch staff cartoonist E. H. Shepard. A collection of short stories for children Gallery of Children, and other stories that became part of the Winnie-the-Pooh books, were first published in 1925.

Looking back on this period (in 1926) Milne observed that when he told his agent that he was going to write a detective story, he was told that what the country wanted from a "Punch humorist" was a humorous story; when two years later he said he was writing nursery rhymes, his agent and publisher were convinced he should write another detective story; and after another two years he was being told that writing a detective story would be in the worst of taste given the demand for children's books. He concluded that "the only excuse which I have yet discovered for writing anything is that I want to write it; and I should be as proud to be delivered of a Telephone Directory con amore as I should be ashamed to create a Blank Verse Tragedy at the bidding of others."^[11]

1926 to 1928

The real stuffed toys owned by Christopher Robin Milne and featured in the Winnie-the-Pooh stories. They are on display in the Donnell Library Center in New York.

Milne is most famous for his two Pooh books about a boy named Christopher Robin, after his son, and various characters inspired by his son's stuffed animals, most notably the bear named Winnie-the-Pooh. Christopher Robin's bear, originally named "Edward",^[12] was renamed "Winnie-the-Pooh" after a Canadian black bear named Winnie (after Winnipeg), which was used as a military mascot in World War I, and left to London Zoo during the war. "The pooh" comes from a swan called "Pooh". E. H. Shepard illustrated the original Pooh books, using his own son's teddy, Growler ("a magnificent bear"), as the model. Christopher Robin Milne's own toys are now under glass in New York.

Winnie-the-Pooh was published in 1926, followed by The House at Pooh Corner in 1928. A second collection of nursery rhymes, Now We Are Six, was published in 1927. All three books were illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Milne also published four plays in this period. He also "gallantly stepped forward" to contribute a quarter of the costs of dramatising P. G. Wodehouse's A Damsel in Distress.^[13]

1929 onwards

The success of his children's books was to become a source of considerable annoyance to Milne, whose self-avowed aim was to write whatever he pleased and who had, until then, found a ready audience for each change of direction: he had freed pre-war Punch from its ponderous facetiousness; he had made a considerable reputation as a playwright (like his idol J. M. Barrie) on both sides of the Atlantic; he had produced a witty piece of detective writing in The Red House Mystery (although this was severely criticised by Raymond Chandler for the implausibility of its plot). But once Milne had, in his own words, "said goodbye to all that in 70,000 words" (the approximate length of his four principal children's books), he had no intention of producing any reworkings lacking in originality, given that one of the sources of inspiration, his son, was growing older.

His reception remained warmer in America than Britain, and he continued to publish novels and short stories, but by the late 1930s the audience for Milne's grown-up writing had largely vanished: he observed bitterly in his autobiography that a critic had said that the hero of his latest play ("God help it") was simply "Christopher Robin grown up...what an obsession with me children are become!".

Even his old literary home, Punch, where the When We Were Very Young verses had first appeared, was ultimately to reject him, as Christopher Milne details in his autobiography The Enchanted Places, although Methuen continued to publish whatever Milne wrote, including the long poem 'The Norman Church' and an assembly of articles entitled Year In, Year Out (which Milne likened to a benefit night for the author).

He also adapted Kenneth Grahame's novel The Wind in the Willows for the stage as Toad of Toad Hall. The title was an implicit admission that such chapters as Chapter 7, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn", could not survive translation to the theatre.^{[citation needed]} A special introduction written by Milne is included in some editions of Grahame's novel.

Several of Milne's children's poems were set to music by the composer Harold Fraser-Simson. His poems have been parodied many times, including with the books When We Were Rather Older and Now We Are Sixty.

After Milne's death, his widow sold the rights to the Pooh characters to the Walt Disney Company, which has made a number of Pooh cartoon movies, as well as a large amount of Pooh-related merchandise.

Royalties from the Pooh characters paid by Disney to the Royal Literary Fund, part-owner of the Pooh copyright, provide the income used to run the Fund's Fellowship Scheme, placing professional writers in U.K. universities.

Religious views

Milne did not speak out much on the subject of religion, although he used religious terms to explain his decision, while remaining a pacifist, to join the army: "In fighting Hitler", he wrote, "we are truly fighting the Devil, the Anti-Christ...Hitler was a crusader against God."^[14] His best known comment on the subject was recalled on his death:

"The Old Testament is responsible for more atheism, agnosticism, disbelief — call it what you will — than any book ever written; it has emptied more churches than all the counterattractions of cinema, motor bicycle and golf course." ^[15]

Works

Novels

• Lovers in London (1905) (Some consider this more of a short story collection; Milne didn't like it and considered The Day's Play as his first book.)
• Once on a Time (1917)
• Mr. Pim (1921) (A novelisation of his play Mr. Pim Passes By (1919))
• The Red House Mystery (1922)
• Two People (1931) (Inside jacket claims this is Milne's first attempt at a novel.)
• Four Days' Wonder (1933)
• Chloe Marr (1946)

Non-fiction

• Peace With Honour (1934)
• It's Too Late Now: The Autobiography of a Writer (1939)
• War With Honour (1940)
• Year In, Year Out (1952) (illustrated by E. H. Shepard)

Punch articles

• The Day's Play (1910)
• Once a Week (1914)
• The Holiday Round (1912)
• The Sunny Side (1921)
• Those Were the Days (1929) [The four volumes above, compiled]

Selections of newspaper articles and introductions to books by others

• The Chronicles of Clovis by "Saki" (1911) [Introduction to]
• Not That It Matters (1920)
• By Way of Introduction (1929)

Story collections for children

• Gallery of Children (1925)
• Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) (illustrated by E. H. Shepard)
• The House at Pooh Corner (1928) (illustrated by E. H. Shepard)
• Short Stories

Story collections

• A Table Near the Band (1950)

Poetry

• For the Luncheon Interval [poems from Punch]
• When We Were Very Young (1924) (illustrated by E. H. Shepard)
• Now We Are Six (1927) (illustrated by E. H. Shepard)
• Behind the Lines (1940)
• The Norman Church (1948)

Plays

Milne wrote over 25 plays, including:

• Wurzel-Flummery (1917)
• Belinda (1918)
• The Boy Comes Home (1918)
• Make-Believe (1918) (children's play)
• The Camberley Triangle (1919)
• Mr. Pim Passes By (1919)
• The Red Feathers (1920)
• The Romantic Age (1920)
• The Stepmother (1920)
• The Truth about Blayds (1920)
• The Dover Road (1921)
• The Lucky One (1922)
• The Artist: A Duologue (1923)
• Give Me Yesterday (1923) (a.k.a. Success in the U.K.)
• The Great Broxopp (1923)
• Ariadne (1924)
• The Man in the Bowler Hat: A Terribly Exciting Affair (1924)
• To Have the Honour (1924)
• Portrait of a Gentleman in Slippers (1926)
• Success (1926)
• Miss Marlow at Play (1927)
• The Fourth Wall or The Perfect Alibi (1928)
• The Ivory Door (1929)
• Toad of Toad Hall (1929) (adaptation of The Wind in the Willows)
• Michael and Mary (1930)
• Other People's Lives (1933) (a.k.a. They Don't Mean Any Harm)
• Miss Elizabeth Bennet (1936) [based on Pride and Prejudice]
• Sarah Simple (1937)
• Gentleman Unknown (1938)
• The General Takes Off His Helmet (1939) in The Queen's Book of the Red Cross
• The Ugly Duckling (1946)
• Before the Flood (1951)

Books on Pooh and Milne

• Crews, Frederick, The Pooh Perplex, Chicago & London, University of Chicago Press, 2003 (1st ed. 1963) ISBN 0-226-12058-9
• Crews, Frederick, Postmodern Pooh, New York, North Point Press, 2001 ISBN 0-86547-654-3
• Hoff, Benjamin, The Tao of Pooh, New York, Penguin, 1983 ISBN 0-14-006747-7
• Hoff, Benjamin, The Te of Piglet, New York, Dutton Adult, 1992 ISBN 0-525-93496-0
• Milne, Christopher Robin and A. R. Melrose (ed.), Beyond the World of Pooh: Selections from the Memoirs of Christopher Milne, New York, Dutton, 1998 ISBN 0-525-45888-3
• Thwaite, Ann, A. A. Milne: His Life, New York, Random House, 1990 ISBN 0-394-58724-3
• Tyerman Williams, John, Pooh and the Philosophers: In Which It Is Shown That All of Western Philosophy Is Merely a Preamble to Winnie-The-Pooh, London, Methuen, 1995 ISBN 0-525-45520-5
• Wullschlager, Jackie, Inventing Wonderland: The Lives and Fantasies of Lewis Carroll, Edward Lear, J. M. Barrie, Kenneth Grahame and A. A. Milne, New York & Detroit, The Free Press, 1996 ISBN 0-684-82286-5

Films

Michael and Mary was adapted to cinema in 1931.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Thwaite, Ann (January 2008). "Milne, Alan Alexander (1882–1956)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35031. 
2. ^ "Hampstead: Education". A History of the County of Middlesex 9: 159–169. 1989. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22657. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
3. ^ Milne, Alan Alexander in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses, Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922–1958.
4. ^ Capitalization as in the British Library Catalogue
5. ^ "The Art of Fiction - P.G. Wodehouse" (pdf). The Paris Review. 2005. pp. 18. http://www.theparisreview.com/media/3773_WODEHOUSE.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-22. 
6. ^ "Cotchford Farm". National Monument Records. English Heritage. http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=618520#. Retrieved 2008-09-29. 
7. ^ "Letter La Z 5/7/17 - John Middleton Murry to Beatrice Elvery". George Lazarus Collection. 1953-08-12. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/lss/services/mss/collections/online-mss-catalogues/cats/laz4-5cat.html#laz57. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
8. ^ Milne, A. A. (August 1904). "Lillian's Loves". Punch, or the London Charivari 127 (24 August 1904): 142. 
9. ^ Milne, A. A. (November 1904). "Answers to [Fictional] Correspondents". Punch, or the London Charivari 127 (9 November 1904): 333. 
10. ^ "A.A.Milne". Encyclopedia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9052746/AA-Milne. Retrieved 2008-05-22. 
11. ^ Milne, Alan Alexander (1926) [1922]. "Introduction (dated April 1926)". The Red House Mystery. London: Methuen. pp. ix-xii. 
12. ^ Winnie-the-Pooh at the New York Public Library
13. ^ Letter from P. G. Wodehouse dated 26 July 1928 at page 114 in P.G. Wodehouse: A Portrait of a Master by David A. Jasen (2002). ISBN 0825672759.
14. ^ Milne, Alan Alexander (1940). War with Honour. London: Macmillan. pp. 16–17. 
15. ^ Simpson, James B. (1988). Simpson's Contemporary Quotations. Boston MA: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-39543-085-2. http://www.bartleby.com/63/93/4393.html. 

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: A. A. Milne

• Works by A. A. Milne at Project Gutenberg
• Essays by Milne at Quotidiana.org
• Milne extract in the Guardian
• Works by or about A. A. Milne in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• A. A. Milne's profile at Just-Pooh.com
• Obituary for Alan Alexander Milne (German)
• WbqOnline.com October 2009

Persondata
NAME	Milne, A. A.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Milne, Alan Alexander
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Novelist, playwright, poet
DATE OF BIRTH	18 January 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH	Scotland
DATE OF DEATH	31 January 1956
PLACE OF DEATH	Hartfield, Sussex, England

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