Delicate Balance, A (1966), a play by Edward Albee. [ Martin Beck Theatre, 132 perf.; Pulitzer Prize.] Sitting in their comfortable library after dinner, Agnes (Jessica Tandy) confides to her husband that she sometimes worries about losing her mind. But her husband, Tobias (Hume Cronyn), assures her he knows no saner woman. In short order the couple are visited by Agnes's younger sister (Rosemary Murphy), a bitter, malicious alcoholic; by the couple's much married daughter (Marian Seldes); and by Tobias's best friend (Henderson Forsythe) and his wife (Carmen Mathews), both of whom are frightened by something they cannot identify. The visits force Agnes and Tobias to reevaluate all their relationships and to recognize that they must maintain a delicate balance between sanity and madness. A curiously elusive play filled with stilted dialogue (“I apologize that my nature is such to bring out in you the full force of your brutality”), it was often more satisfying as an intellectual exercise than as a dramatic theatre piece. But an acclaimed Lincoln Center–produced revival in 1996, directed by Gerald Gutierrez and featuring Rosemary Harris, George Grizzard, and Elaine Stritch, revealed the play to be very funny and inexplicably moving.
In 1994, after enduring a lull in his theatrical career, Edward Albee won his third Pulitzer Prize for drama. In 1996, Edward Albee’s play, A Delicate Balance, celebrating its thirtieth birthday on Broadway, won a Tony Award for the best revival play of the year. Together, these awards mark the enduring qualities of both the playwright and his play.
A Delicate Balance was first produced at the Martin Beck Theatre on Broadway on September 12, 1966. It came four years after Albee’s other huge Broadway hit Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962). Both of these plays deal with a recurring theme of Albee’s, which entails a sense of missed opportunity and loss. Both plays also deal with dysfunctional relationships. Both were commercial successes, more easily understood and appreciated by general audiences than Albee’s previous and intermediate plays that leaned toward the absurd. One main difference between the two plays is that Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is known as the play that almost won the Pulitzer (it was nominated, but one of the Pulitzer committee members deemed its language and subject matter too crude), whereas A Delicate Balance did win the coveted prize.
Albee’s career took a slight downturn after the success of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, at least in reference to audience appeal and critical approval. It wasn’t until the production of A Delicate Balance that Albee would again enjoy popular, critical, and financial success. Although A Delicate Balance won Albee his first Pulitzer Prize, most critics at the time considered the play, as Steven Drukman writes in American Theatre, to be one of Albee’s “last gasps.” Although it would not be Albee’s last gasp, Albee would have to wait almost ten years before he would win his second Pulitzer (for Seascape [1975]) and then again almost another twenty years before he would again claim the prize for his Three Tall Women (1994).
Despite his erratic successes, Albee has had an extremely significant impact on American theater. His play A Delicate Balance has often been credited with creating an archetype for American drama with its classic study of the American family, albeit a quite dysfunctional one. The play looks into the confusion that erupts in a modern family’s attempt to avoid pain and discomfort, which, as Albee demonstrates, only creates more pain and discomfort. The play’s major themes are denial of emotions (and often reality itself), loss of opportunities and potential, and regret over paths not taken as reflected in the lives of a very well-to-do suburban couple who have retired but find their long-sought freedom about to collapse. In the period of one weekend, their home comes under attack by emotionally wounded family members and friends, who, in the end, expose the couple’s own emotional insecurities. The scenes are not easy for audiences to take, but, as Albee states in an interview with Richard Farr in The Progressive:
If I wrote plays about everyone getting along terribly well, I don’t think anyone would want to see them.... You have to show people things that aren’t working well... in the hope that people will make them work better.
A Delicate Balance, a play by Edward Albee, was first produced on
Broadway at the Martin Beck Theatre on September
12, 1966, where it ran for four months and won the author the first of his three
Pulitzer Prizes.
The story revolves around the household of an old WASP couple (Agnes and
Tobias) and the cohabiting Claire (Agnes' hard-drinking sister), who never passes up an opportunity to drink or to make a good
joke at someone's expense (including her own). Their uneasy peace is disrupted first by the unexpected arrival of two old friends
(Harry and Edna) -- fellow empty-nesters with free-floating anxiety who ask to stay with them to escape an unnamed terror -- and
then by the arrival of their daughter Julia, whose fourth marriage has collapsed.
The 1973 film version, directed by Tony Richardson as part of the short-lived
American Film Theater series, memorably starred Katharine Hepburn, Paul Scofield and Kate Reid. (Reid replaced Kim Stanley as Claire after Hepburn was
appalled by Stanley's Method acting.) The 1996 Broadway revival, produced by Lincoln Center Theater at the Plymouth Theatre, starred Rosemary
Harris, George Grizzard and Elaine
Stritch. All three lead actors were Tony-nominated (Mr. Grizzard won), and the production scored Tonys for Best Revival
and Gerald Gutierrez's direction. It was well-received and ran six months.
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