A Love Supreme

A Love Supreme
Studio album by John Coltrane
Released	February 1965 (1965-02)
Recorded	December 9, 1964 (1964-12-09), Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, United States
Genre	Avant-garde jazz, modal jazz, post-bop
Length	33:02
Language	English ("Acknowledgement"), instrumental
Label	Impulse!
Producer	Bob Thiele
John Coltrane chronology
Crescent (1964) A Love Supreme (1965) The John Coltrane Quartet Plays (1965)

A Love Supreme is a studio album recorded by John Coltrane's quartet in December 1964^[1] and released by Impulse! Records (catalogue number AS-77) in February 1965. It is generally considered to be among Coltrane's greatest works, as it melded the hard bop sensibilities of his early career with the free jazz style he adopted later.

The quartet recorded the album in one session on December 9, 1964, at the Van Gelder Studio in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Coltrane's home in Dix Hills, Long Island, has been suggested as the site of inspiration for A Love Supreme.^[2]

Music

Coltrane's classic quartet was completed with the addition of percussionist Elvin Jones, who performs various non-traditional instruments on A Love Supreme

The album is a four-part suite, broken up into tracks: "Acknowledgement" (which contains the mantra that gave the suite its name), "Resolution", "Pursuance", and "Psalm." It is intended to be a spiritual album, broadly representative of a personal struggle for purity, and expresses the artist's deep gratitude as he admits to his talent and instrument as being owned not by him but by a spiritual higher power.^[2]

The album begins with the bang of a gong (tam-tam), followed by cymbal washes. Jimmy Garrison follows on bass with the four-note motif which structures the entire movement. Coltrane's solo follows. Besides soloing upon variations of the motif, at one point Coltrane repeats the four notes over and over in different modulations. After many repetitions, the motif becomes the vocal chant "A Love Supreme", sung by Coltrane (accompanying himself via overdubs).^[3]

In the final movement, Coltrane performs what he calls a "musical narration" (Lewis Porter describes it as a "wordless 'recitation'")^[4] of a devotional poem he included in the liner notes. That is, Coltrane "plays" the words of the poem on saxophone, but does not actually speak them. Some scholars have suggested that this performance is a homage to the sermons of African-American preachers.^[5] The poem (and, in his own way, Coltrane's solo) ends with the cry "Elation. Elegance. Exaltation. All from God. Thank you God. Amen."^[6]

Reception and influence

Original issue
Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic	[7]
All About Jazz	favorable[8]
Down Beat	[9]
Q	[10]
Rolling Stone	[11]

Deluxe edition
Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic	[12]
Mojo	favorable[13]
Rolling Stone	[14]
The Sydney Morning Herald	favorable[15]
Uncut	[16]
The Village Voice	favorable[17]
The Wire	favorable[18]

A Love Supreme is often listed amongst the greatest jazz albums of all time.^{[19][20][21][22][23]} It was also quite popular for a jazz album, selling about 500,000 copies by 1970, a number far exceeding Coltrane's typical Impulse! sales of around 30,000.^[24] As further testimony to the recording's historic significance, the manuscript for the album is one of the National Museum of American History's "Treasures of American History", part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.^[25] In 2003, the album was ranked number 47 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.^[26] The publication called it a "legendary album-long hymn of praise" and stated "The indelible four-note theme of the first movement, 'Acknowledgment,' is the humble foundation of the suite. But Coltrane's majestic, often violent blowing (famously described as 'sheets of sound') is never self-aggrandizing. Aloft with his classic quartet..., Coltrane soars with nothing but gratitude and joy. You can't help but go with him."^[26] The Penguin Guide to Jazz selected this album as part of its suggested "Core Collection" and awarded it a "crown" stating "It is without precedent and parallel, and though it must also be one of the best loved jazz records of all time it somehow remains remote from critical pigeonholing" calling it "immensely concentrated and rich."^[27]

The album's influence has been extensive and diverse. Musicians ranging from tenor Joshua Redman^[28] to the rockstar Bono of U2^[29] have singled out the influence of the album on their own work. Guitarists John McLaughlin and Carlos Santana have each credited the album as one of their greatest early influences.^[30]

Other performances

Coltrane experimented with a ensemble for alternate takes on some tracks, including bringing in saxophonist Archie Shepp

An alternative version of "Acknowledgement" was recorded the next day on December 10. This version, which included tenor saxophonist Archie Shepp and bassist Art Davis, did not feature Coltrane chanting "a love supreme," one reason he chose to issue the quartet version.^[31]

The only live performance of the "Love Supreme" suite, from a July 26, 1965, performance at the Festival Mondial du Jazz Antibes, Juan-les-Pins, France, was also remastered and released in a 2002 two-CD set by Impulse! Records with the original album and additional studio outtakes. This performance was considerably more dissonant than the studio version, and features an extended drum solo preceding the bass solo on "Pursuance".

Adaptations

Doug Carn and wife Jean Carn did a cover of "Acknowledgement" featuring vocals by Jean. This was featured on the album Infant Eyes in 1972. John McLaughlin and Carlos Santana recorded a guitar version of "Acknowledgement," which they titled as "A Love Supreme" on their 1973 collaboration Love Devotion Surrender. At the time, both were devotees of guru Sri Chinmoy.

Will Downing released an R&B cover version of the main theme, with the co-operation of John's widow Alice Coltrane, which reached number fourteen in the UK singles chart in 1988. Gumball recorded a rock/alternative/jazz version of A Love Supreme and was a bonus track on the Japanese release of the 1994 release Revolution On Ice. The suite also forms four tracks on the 2002 Branford Marsalis Quartet album entitled Footsteps of our Fathers, and another Marsalis version is on a DVD "A Love Supreme Live in Amsterdam". Branford's brother Wynton recorded the suite in 2003 with the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra.^[32]

Sections of the suite have been performed by the David Murray Octet,^[33] the Ballistic Brothers,^[34] and the Bob Mintzer Big Band.^[35] Turtle Island String Quartet released their album A Love Supreme in 2007, and the album features a cover version of the suite, along with other covers of various Coltrane charts.

A 1995 album titled Variations on A Love Supreme was composed by Fabrizio Cassol and Kris Defoort.

José James re-recorded two tracks in 2007 from A Love Supreme as a double A-Side limited-edition 10" for Brownswood Records which was available at concerts and by mail order. "Equinox" and "Resolution" were the tracks in question. James, previously a young rapper, added vocals to the tracks in a style reminiscent to some of Gil Scott Heron. Jazz vocalist Kurt Elling recorded a cover of "Resolution" for his album Man in the Air. In this recording, Elling set lyrics to the song in his signature style, vocalese.

Track listing

All tracks composed by John Coltrane and published by Jowcol Music (BMI)

Side one

Side two

2002 deluxe edition

Disc one

Disc two

Personnel

McCoy Tyner played piano throughout both sessions for A Love Supreme

The Classic Quartet

• John Coltrane – bandleader, liner notes, vocals, soprano and tenor saxophone
• Jimmy Garrison – double bass
• Elvin Jones – drums
• McCoy Tyner – piano

Additional musicians

• Art Davis – double bass on alternate takes of "Acknowledgement"
• Archie Shepp – tenor saxophone on alternate takes of "Acknowledgement"

Production

• George Gray/Viceroy – cover design
• Victor Kalin – illustration
• Joe Lebow – liner design
• Bob Thiele – production and cover photo
• Rudy Van Gelder – engineering and mastering

Compact Disc reissue

• Joe Alper – photography
• Jason Claiborne – graphics
• Hollis King – art direction
• Erick Labson – digital remastering
• Lee Tanner – photography

Deluxe edition

• Michael Cuscuna – liner notes, production, and remastering
• Ken Druker – production
• Esmond Edwards – photography
• Ashley Kahn – liner notes and production
• Peter Keepnews – notes editing
• Hollis King – art direction
• Bryan Koniarz – production
• Edward O'Dowd – design
• Mark Smith – production assistance
• Sherniece Smith – art coordination and production
• Chuck Stewart – photography

SACD

• Bill Levenson – reissue supervisor
• Cameron Mizell – production coordination
• Kevin Reeves – mastering
• Ron Warwell – design
• Isabelle Wong – package design

See also

	Jazz portal
	Religion portal

• 1965 in jazz
• Concept album
• Suite (music)

Notes

References

• Kahn, Ashley (2003). A Love Supreme: The Story of John Coltrane's Signature Album. Elvin Jones. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-200352-2. 
• Porter, Lewis (1999). John Coltrane: His Life and Music. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08643-X. 
• Porter, Lewis (1985). "John Coltrane's A Love Supreme: Jazz Improvisation as Composition". Journal of the American Musicological Society (University of California Press) 38 (3): 593–621. doi:10.1525/jams.1985.38.3.03a00060. 

External links

• A Love Supreme at Discogs
• A Love Supreme from Verve Music Group
• A Love Supreme Deluxe Edition from Verve Music Group