A United States federal program to fund abstinence only sex education was initiated in 1996. The concept has been around for a lot longer, of course.

Abstinence means refraining from sex. So abstinence education (I assume you are talking about in school) would mean that the teacher is going to teach abstinence as opposed to how to use condoms and birth controls and other contraceptive methods.

Yes. They do teach it in America.

Not everywhere. Some places spend their money on teaching abstinence instead of sex education.

That depends on the school board's sex education policy in your area.

No, abstinence mean you are abstaining from sex. You have no sex at all.