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accession

  (ăk-sĕsh'ən) pronunciation
n.
  1. The attainment of a dignity or rank: the queen's accession to the throne.
    1. Something that has been acquired or added; an acquisition.
    2. An increase by means of something added.
  2. Law.
    1. The addition to or increase in value of property by means of improvements or natural growth.
    2. The right of a proprietor to ownership of such addition or increase.
  3. Agreement or assent.
  4. Access; admittance.
  5. A sudden outburst.
tr.v., -sioned, -sion·ing, -sions.

To record in the order of acquisition: a curator accessioning newly acquired paintings.

accessional ac·ces'sion·al adj.
 
 

Additions to property as a result of annexing fixtures or alluvial deposits.
Example: The lease on a restaurant expires. The proprietor of the restaurant leaves some counters and bar stools. They become a part of the property by accession.
Example: Property bordering on a river is legally enlarged by soil deposited by the river (alluvium).

 
Thesaurus: accession

noun

    Something tending to augment something else: addition, acquisition, augmentation. See increase/decrease.

 
Antonyms: accession

n

Definition: agreement
Antonyms: disagreement, dispute, repudiation

n

Definition: coming to power
Antonyms: decline, fall


 
Law Encyclopedia: Accession
This entry contains information applicable to United States law only.

Coming into possession of a right or office; increase; augmentation; addition.

The right to all that one's own property produces, whether that property be movable or immovable; and the right to that which is united to it by accession, either naturally or artificially. The right to own things that become a part of something already owned.

A principle derived from the civil law, by which the owner of property becomes entitled to all that it produces, and to all that is added or united to it, either naturally or artificially (that is, by the labor or skill of another) even where such addition extends to a change of form or materials; and by which, on the other hand, the possessor of property becomes entitled to it, as against the original owner, where the addition made to it by skill and labor is of greater value than the property itself, or where the change effected in its form is so great as to render it impossible to restore it to its original shape.

Generally, accession signifies acquisition of title to personal property by bestowing labor on it that converts it into an entirely different thing or by incorporation of property into a union with other property.

The commencement or inauguration of a sovereign's reign.

For example, a person who owns property along a river also takes ownership of any additional land that builds up along the riverbank. This right may extend to additions that result from the work or skill of another person. The buyer of a car who fails to make scheduled payments cannot get back his new spark plugs after the car is repossessed because they have become a part of the whole car. The principle of accession does not necessarily apply, however, where the addition has substantially improved the value and changed the character of the property, as when by mistake someone else's grapes were made into wine or someone else's clay made into bricks. In such cases, the original owner might recover only the value of the raw material rather than take ownership of the finished product.

In the context of a treaty, accession may be gained in either of two ways: (1) the new mem- ber nation may be formally accepted by all the nations already parties to the treaty; or (2) the new nation may simply bind itself to the obligations already existing in the treaty. Frequently, a treaty will expressly provide that certain nations or categories of nations may accede. In some cases, the parties to a treaty will invite one or more nations to accede to the treaty.

 
Wikipedia: accession
See also: Accession (DS9 episode)


Accession (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach), in law, a method of acquiring property adopted from Roman law (see: accessio), by which, in things that have a close connection with or dependence on one another, the property of the principal draws after it the property of the accessory, according to the principle, accessio cedet principali. Accession may take place either in a natural way, such as the growth of fruit or the pregnancy of animals, or in an artificial way. The various methods may be classified as (i) land to land by accretion or alluvion; (2) moveables to land (fixtures); (3) moveables to moveables; (4) moveables added to by the art or industry of man; this may be by specification, as when a new "species" or thing is made out of a pre-existing thing (e.g. when wine is made out of grapes), or by confusion (when two things are inseparably mixed together and one cannot tell which is the principal and which is the accessory), or commixture, which is the mixing together of substances but where the mixture is separable. In the case of industrial accession ownership is determined according as the natural or manufactured substance is of the more importance, and, in general, compensation is payable to the person who has been dispossessed of his property.


Roman Accession

Accession in relation to land

The general principle was that everything acceded to the land, since the land was the principal.

Buildings (Inaedificatio) Ownership of the house was considered distinct from ownership of the materials used to make the house. Owners of the materials were permitted to vindicate the materials upon demolition of the house, but the demolition of the house was forbidden by the Twelve Tables.

Where X built on X's land using Y's materials, X owned the house since it acceded to X's land. Y would be capable of laying ONE of two actions if X was in good faith (bonas fides) in using Y's materials, but TWO actions if X was in bad faith (mala fides). These actions were (i) the vindicatio for the materials and (ii) the actio de tigno, which would recoup twice the value of the materials. Additionally, Y would also have an action against a third party if that third party stole the materials.

Where X built on Y's land using X's materials, Y owned the house since it acceded to Y's land. If in bad faith, X was presumed to have made a gift of the materials to Y and would thus have no action. If X was in good faith, and additionally was in legal possession of the house, then any vindicatio brought by Y could be defeated by X using the defence of fraud (exceptio dolus malus) until Y paid X for the materials. It is possible that if X was in good faith, then X could remove items that would not damage the building, e.g. gates. This was known as the ius tolluendi and was possibly established under Justinian.

Buckland, in his Textbook of Roman Law, discusses a third situation where X builds on Y's land using Z's materials. In such a situation, Buckland suggests that in relation to Y, X should be treated as though an XYX situation has occurred, and in relation to Z, as though an XXZ situation has occurred.

Plants and seeds
X's plants and seeds acceded irreversibly to Y's soil once they can taken root, but Y must pay expenses if X is in legal possession, since X will have the exceptio dolus malus against Y's vindicatio.

Rivers and new islands
Alluvion
Avulsion

Accession in relation to movables

The accessory accedes to the principal. The debate is generally over which is the principal and which is the accessory. The principal owner owns regardless of good faith, bad faith or consent. Possible tests that could be adopted in deciding this question include:

1. Economic value
2. Size
3. Physical identity
4. Relative non-economic value in terms of aesthetic value, or labour, etc.

In Roman Law, there was no consistency. Everything was decided on a casuistic basis. The Physical Identity test was the dominant test, i.e. the principal is that which gives its name to the final product and the accessory is that which has its identity merged and lost in the identity of the other. However, there are a number of special cases with special, and rather idiosyncratic rules, which are as follows:

1. Writing (scripture) and painting (pictura)
2. Threads and garments (textura)
3. Confusio and commixtio

Other meanings

  • In the context of Public International Law the term accession may refer to the act of joining a treaty by a party that didn't take part in its negotiations, as defined by article 15 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It is commonly used as a synonym of ratification, acceptance or approval and occurs whether the treaty is open to the participation of new member states by mean of an accession provision or whether all the other members so agree. In the first case accession implies a direct participation of the new member state in the treaty, without any modification of the original agreement. In the latter, accession by a new member state implies a new agreement between all member parties. Such as when a new member state joins the European Union (see Enlargement of the European Union).
  • In a historical or constitutional sense, the term accession is applied to the coming to the throne of a dynasty or line of sovereigns or of a single sovereign.
  • In a Real Estate context, the term accession is applied to the act of physically attaching a personal property to land (real property), thus converting it into a fixture. (I.E. Installing an air conditioner in a house) [opposit from severance]
  • "Accession" sometimes likewise signifies consent or acquiescence. Thus, in the bankruptcy law of Scotland, where there is a settlement by a trust-deed, it is accepted on the part of each creditor by a "deed of accession."
  • In a museum, an object is accessioned into the collection when it becomes the legal property of the museum, it is assigned a catalogue number, and formal information about its provenance is noted and recorded. (When the museum disposes of the object, it is formally "de-accessioned" from the collection.)
  • In the context of bioinformatics, an accession refers to a unique identifier given to a biological polymer sequence (DNA, protein) when it is submitted to a sequence database. See accession number.

References


 
Misspellings: accession

Common misspelling(s) of accession

  • accension

 
Translations: Translations for: Accession

Dansk (Danish)
n. - tiltrædelse, indtræden
v. tr. - accessionere, katalogisere

idioms:

  • accession to office    indtræden i embede
  • accession to the throne    tronbestigelse

Nederlands (Dutch)
troonsbestijging, aanvaarding (van ambt), toevoeging (b.v. boek in collectie), toetreding (tot verdrag etc.), opnemen in collectie (museum/ bibliotheek)

Français (French)
n. - accession au trône, avènement, accroissement, augmentation, accord, assentiment, (Pol, Jur) adhésion, nouvelle acquisition
v. tr. - mettre au catalogue

idioms:

  • accession to the throne    accession au trône

Deutsch (German)
n. - Beitritt, (Amts)antritt, Thronbesteigung, Anerkennung (einer Forderung), (Recht) formale Annahme (einer zwischenstaatlichen Vereinbarung)
v. - eintragen (Bücher in der Bibliothek), erwerben, akzessionieren

idioms:

  • accession to the throne    Thronbesteigung

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ανάρρηση, άνοδος (στην εξουσία), προσχώρηση, ένταξη, προσάρτηση, προσέγγιση, (προσ)αύξηση, προσθήκη, συναίνεση, εμφάνιση (νόσου κτλ.), απόκτημα

idioms:

  • accession to office    ανάρρηση, άνοδος (σε αξίωμα)
  • accession to the throne    ανάρρηση στο θρόνο

Italiano (Italian)
accesso, aumento, adesione, ascesa

idioms:

  • accession to office    entrata in carica
  • accession to the throne    ascesa al trono

Português (Portuguese)
n. - elevação (f), ascensão (f) (a um cargo, trono, etc.), adição (f), aumento (m), adesão (f), ataque (m) (de doença)

idioms:

  • accession to office    ascensão a cargo público
  • accession to the throne    ascensão ao trono

Русский (Russian)
доступ, присоединение

idioms:

  • accession to office    вступление в должность
  • accession to the throne    вступление на трон

Español (Spanish)
n. - accesión, subida, acceso, entrada, aumento
v. tr. - acceder, subir, entrar, aumentar

idioms:

  • accession to the throne    subida al trono, ascenso al trono, acceso al trono

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - tillträde, tillträdande

中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
即位, 到达, 增加, 登记入册

idioms:

  • accession to office    升官
  • accession to the throne    即王位, 登基

中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 即位, 到達, 增加
v. tr. - 登記入冊

idioms:

  • accession to office    升官
  • accession to the throne    即王位, 登基

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 도달, 계승, 상속, 즉위, 재산가치의 증가, 획득물, 수납도서, 신규채용
v. tr. - 목록에 기입하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 就任, 即位, 増加, 賛成, 到達, 応諾

idioms:

  • accession to office    政権につくこと
  • accession to the throne    王位への即位

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) تعاظم, نماء, إضافه, موافقه أو قبول, إرتقاء‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮כניסה לתפקיד, הגעה, היענות, תוספת, הסכמה רשמית לחוזה, הוספת פריט‬
v. tr. - ‮רשם (פריט חדש) בספריה או מוזיאון‬


 
 

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Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Real Estate Dictionary. Dictionary of Real Estate Terms. Copyright © 2004 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Thesaurus. Roget's II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition by the Editors of the American Heritage® Dictionary Copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Answers Corporation Antonyms. © 1999-2008 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
Law Encyclopedia. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Copyright © 1998 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Accession" Read more
Answers Corporation Misspellings. © 1999-2008 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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