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The most important buffer for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer.

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The most important buffer for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer.

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Acid

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In general, a buffer system can be represented by writing a salt followed by slash and an acid or conjugate base followed by slash and an acid like salt/acid or conjugate base/acid. Thus, the sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer system can be written as

CH3COONa/ CH3COOH or CH3COO-/CH3COOH

Similarly, ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer system can be represented as

NH3 / NH4+

Note that NH4+ is an acid and NH3 is a conjugate base according to Lewry-Bronsted concept.

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bicarbonate buffer system

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Buffers contain both one weak acid and its coupled weak base, that can not react with each other (they are a so-called conjugated system).

When you add strong acid it will react with the base part of this buffer, when strong base (hydroxide) is added it will react with the acid.

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