Acid phosphatase
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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acid phosphatase
abbr. (in clinical biochemistry): ACP; EC 3.1.3.2; systematic name: orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum); other names: alkaline phosphomonoesterase; phosphomonoesterase; glycerophosphatase; a lysosomal enzyme (except in red cells). It catalyses the hydrolysis of orthophosphoric monoester to an alcohol and orthophosphate. Zinc and magnesium are cofactors. It is present in high concentrations in the prostate gland, and is also present in red cells, platelets, bone, liver, and spleen. Its measurement in blood may be of use clinically in monitoring progress in cases where prostatic cancer has metastasized, but not where cancer is confined to the prostate, being elevated in only about 30% of cases. Normal range in human plasma 4 — 11 IU L−1.
| acid number, acid mucopolysaccharide, acid lipase | |
| acid proteinase, acid-base balance, acid-base catalysis |
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Acid phosphatase
Acid phosphatase is a phosphatase, a type of enzyme, used to free attached phosphate groups from other molecules during digestion. It is basically a phosphomonoesterase. It is stored in lysosomes and functions when these fuse with endosomes, which are acidified while they function; therefore, it has an acid pH optimum.
Different forms of acid phosphatase are found in different organs, and their serum levels are used to evaluate the success of the surgical treatment of prostate cancer. In the past, they were also used to diagnose this type of cancer. <di
Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal pH below 7:
Orthophosphoric monoester + H2O → alcohol + H3PO4
Phosphatase enzymes are also used by soil microorganisms to access organically bound phosphate nutrients. An assay on the rates of activity of these enzymes may be used to ascertain biological demand for phosphates in the soil.
Some plant roots, especially cluster roots, exude carboxylates that perform acid phosphatase activity, helping to mobilise phosphorus in nutrient-deficient soils.
Genes
- ACP1
- ACP2
- ACPP (ACP3), Prostatic acid phosphatase
- ACP5, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- ACP6
- ACPT, Testicular acid phosphatase
- Tissue acid phosphatase, or Lysosomal acid phosphatase
See also
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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