Acidosis is a condition in which there is excessive acid in the body fluids. It is the opposite of alkalosis (a condition in which there is excessive base in the body fluids).
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe kidneys and lungs maintain the balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases in the body. Acidosis occurs when acid builds up or when bicarbonate (a base) is lost. Acidosis is classified as either respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis develops when there is too much carbon dioxide (an acid) in the body. This type of acidosis is usually caused by a decreased ability to remove carbon dioxide from the body through effective breathing. Other names for respiratory acidosis are hypercapnic acidosis and carbon dioxide acidosis. Causes of respiratory acidosis include:
Metabolic acidosis develops when too much acid is produced or when the kidneys cannot remove enough acid from the body. There are several types of metabolic acidosis:
Other causes of metabolic acidosis include:
See: Metabolic acidosis or Respiratory acidosis
Signs and testsAn arterial blood gas analysis or serum electrolytes test, such as a basic metabolic panel, will confirm that acidosis is present and indicate whether it is metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis. Other tests may be needed to determine the cause of the acidosis.
TreatmentTreatment depends on the cause. See the specific types of acidosis.
Expectations (prognosis)Acidosis can be dangerous if untreated. Many cases respond well to treatment.
ComplicationsSee the specific types of acidosis.
Calling your health care providerAlthough there are several types of acidosis, all will cause symptoms that require treatment by your health care provider.
PreventionPrevention depends on the cause of the acidosis. Normally, people with healthy kidneys and lungs do not experience significant acidosis.
ReferencesSeifter JL. Acid-base disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 119.