A colorless, liquid organic compound, H2C:CHCN, used in the manufacture of acrylic rubber and fibers.
[ACRYL(IC RESIN) + NITRILE.]
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A colorless, liquid organic compound, H2C:CHCN, used in the manufacture of acrylic rubber and fibers.
[ACRYL(IC RESIN) + NITRILE.]
An explosive, poisonous, flammable liquid, boiling at 171°F (77.3°C), partly soluble in water. It may be regarded as vinyl cyanide, and its systematic name is 2-propenonitrile. Acrylonitrile is prepared by ammoxidation of propylene over various sorts of catalysts, chiefly metallic oxides.
Most of the acrylonitrile produced is consumed in the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Substantial quantities are used in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, in nitrile elastomers, and in the synthesis of adiponitrile by electrodimerization. Smaller amounts of acrylonitrile are used in cyanoethylation reactions, in the synthesis of drugs, dyestuffs, and pesticides, and as co-monomers with vinyl acetate, vinylpyridine, and similar monomers.
Acrylonitrile undergoes spontaneous polymerization, often with explosive force. It polymerizes violently in the presence of suitable alkaline substances. See also Nitrile; Polymerization.
The noun has one meaning:
Meaning #1:
a colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene
Synonyms: propenonitrile, vinyl cyanide
| Acrylonitrile | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | Acrylonitrile |
| Systematic name | 2-propenenitrile |
| Other names | cyanoethene, vinylcyanide |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| SMILES | C=CC#N |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C3H3N |
| Molar mass | 53.1 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
| Density | 0.81 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | |
| Boiling point | |
| Solubility in water | 7 g/100 mL at 20 °C |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | flammable, reactive, toxic |
| Related Compounds | |
| Related compounds | acrylic acid, acrolein |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Acrylonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities. It is an important monomer for the manufacture of useful plastics. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group linked to a nitrile.
Acrylonitrile is used principally as a monomer in the manufacture of synthetic polymers, especially polyacrylonitrile which comprises acrylic fibers. Acrylic fibers are, among other uses, precursor for well-known carbon-fiber. It is also a component of synthetic rubber. Dimerization of acrylonitrile affords adiponitrile, used in the synthesis of certain Nylons. Small amounts are also used as a fumigant. Acrylonitrile and derivatives such as 2-chloro-acrylonitrile are dienophiles in Diels-Alder reactions. Acrylonitrile is also a precursor in the industrial manufacture of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Acrylonitrile is probably the nitrile manufactured on the largest scale. Most industrial acrylonitrile is produced through the
Sohio process, the
World annual production in 2001 was 4 million tonnes and in 2005 6 million tonnes, with just under half of that coming from the United States. In 1996 the Sohio acrylonitrile process was designated an ACS National Historical Chemical Landmark in recognition of the innovative single-step method of production that made acrylonitrile available for chemical manufacturing worldwide.[1]
Acrylonitrile is highly flammable and toxic. It undergoes explosive polymerization. The burning material releases fumes of hydrogen cyanide and oxides of nitrogen. Acrylonitrile is classified as a possible human carcinogen (IARC group 2B).
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