How it works.... a laser consist of a source of energy called a
pump, a material called the active medium, and properly aligned
mirrors called resonators. When the laser is operated, the pump
provides energy to the active medium to enable it to shift to an
excited state. Spontaneous emission does not happen simultaneously
for all the atoms in the active medium. When an atom undergoes
spontaneous emission, the ligth it emits stimulates neighboring
atom to emit light that, in turn, stimulates another neighboring
atom to emit ligth. Since ligth does not disappear when it
stimulates an atom, more and more light becomes available to
stimulate more atoms as they move through the material. With
mirrors on opposite side of the active, light keeps going back and
fort , becoming more and more intense every time it passes through
the medium. This intensification of light is called light
amplification. Since it occurs due to stimulated emission of
radiation , the process is called light amplification through
stimulated emission of radiation or LASER.