(organic chemistry) A type of reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with hydrogen, halogens, halogen acids, and other reagents, so that no change in valency is observed and the organic compound forms a more complex one.
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Addition reaction
McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Dictionary:
addition reaction |
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
addition reaction |
or addition
any organic chemical reaction involving the combination of two or more substances to form a single product in which there are more groups attached to carbon atoms than there were in the original reactants. Such reactions thus involve a net reduction of bond multiplicity in one of the reactants, as in the example:
H2C=CH2 + Br2 → H2BrC−CBrH2.
any organic chemical reaction involving the combination of two or more substances to form a single product in which there are more groups attached to carbon atoms than there were in the original reactants. Such reactions thus involve a net reduction of bond multiplicity in one of the reactants, as in the example:
H2C=CH2 + Br2 → H2BrC−CBrH2.
| addition, adaptor protein, adaptor hypothesis | |
| address, address sequence, addressin |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
Addition reaction |
Addition of chlorine to ethylene
An addition reaction, in organic chemistry, is in its simplest terms an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one.[1][2]
Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiply bonded atoms, such as molecules with carbon-carbon double bonds, i.e., alkenes, or with triple bonds, i.e., alkynes. Also included are molecules containing carbon—hetero double bonds like those with carbonyl (C=O) groups or those with imine (C=N) groups.
There are two main types of polar addition reactions: electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition. Two non-polar addition reaction exists as well called free radical addition and cycloadditions.
Addition reactions general overview. Top to bottom: electrophilic addition to alkene, nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free radical addition of halide to alkene
An addition reaction is the opposite of an elimination reaction. For instance the hydration reaction of an alkene and the dehydration of an alcohol are addition-elimination pairs. Addition reactions are also encountered in polymerizations and called addition polymerization.
Addition-elimination reaction
In the related Addition-elimination reaction an addition reaction is followed by an elimination reaction. In the majority of reactions it involves addition of poti to carbonyl compounds in what is called nucleophilic acyl substitution.[3]
Other addition-elimination reactions are the reaction of an aliphatic amine to an imine and an aromatic amine to a Schiff base in alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution. The hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids is also a form of addition-elimination.
References
- ^ Morrison, R. T.; Boyd, R. N. (1983). Organic Chemistry (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0205058388.
- ^ March, Jerry (1985), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.), New York: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-85472-7
- ^ Reaction-Map of Organic Chemistry Murov, Steven. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1224 Abstract
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Mentioned in
- Markovnikoff's rule (organic chemistry)
- adduct
- electrophilic addition
- anti (organic chemistry)
- syn (organic chemistry)
- cheletropic reaction
- nucleophilic addition
- micellar catalysis (chemistry)
- hydrogenation
- polymerization
- coagulation
- sulfation (chemistry)
- allosteric
- baryon (in physics)
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