Yes, Islam is a recognized religion practiced publicly in
Russia. 6.5% of Russians are Muslims.
The largest concentrations of Russian Muslims are in the
Caucasus Region. Notable Russian Ethnicities that are
overwhelmingly Muslim include: Adyghe, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chechens,
Ingush, Kabardin, Karachay, Tatars, and numerous Dagestani
peoples.
The predominantly-Muslim Soviet Republics of Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Azerbaijan
broke away from former USSR in 1991.