Aerojet

Hoover's Profile: Aerojet-General Corporation

Contact Information

Aerojet-General Corporation
Highway 50 and Aerojet Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
CA Tel. 916-355-4000
Fax 916-351-8667

Type: Subsidiary
On the web: http://www.aerojet.com

It "did" take a bunch of rocket scientists to come up with Aerojet-General. The company, a maker of missile and space propulsion systems, was founded by a professor and his colleagues at CIT. Aerojet's propulsion technologies are used in both defense- and space-related applications. The company's defense products include liquid, solid, and air-breathing propulsion systems for missiles and interceptors, as well as armament systems for tactical weapons and munitions. Among Aerojet's space products are liquid, solid, and electric propulsion systems for launch vehicles, transatmospheric vehicles, and spacecraft. Raytheon and Lockheed account for over 50% of sales. Aerojet is the primary subsidiary of GenCorp.

Officers:
President: J. Scott Neish
VP and CIO: Craig M. Halterman
Manager Business Development: Olwen Morgan

Competitors:
Alliant Techsystems
EADS
United Technologies

Search unanswered questions...

Browse: Unanswered questions | Most-recent questions | Reference library

5min Related Video: Aerojet

Top

Company History: Aerojet-General Corp.

Top

Company Perspectives:
Aerojet, a GenCorp company, is a major aerospace/defense contractor specializing in missile and space propulsion, and defense and armaments. Since the company was founded in 1942, it has led the way in the development of crucial technology and products that have kept America strong and furthered man's exploration of space.
Key Dates:
1942: Aerojet is formed; works on jet-assisted takeoff.
1953: Rancho Cordova plant is established.
1958: Employment reaches 34,000.
1969: Aerojet rocket motors propel astronauts to the moon.
1988: Sales reach high of $1 billion, before declining due to downsizing and divestment in the coming decade.
1994: Munitions business is sold to Olin Corp.
2001: Aerojet tests world's largest monolithic rocket motor.
2002: Acquisitions double Aerojet in size.

Incorporated: 1942 as Aerojet Engineering Corp.
NAIC: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts; 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment

Aerojet-General Corp. is a leading U.S. rocket propulsion company. Founded during World War II, Aerojet has supplied most of the space programs in the United States, including the Apollo rockets and Space Shuttle, and has produced thousands of munitions for the military. The company is a subcontractor for body panels on advanced aircraft programs. Aerojet's satellite sensing technology detects missile launches as well as changes in the environment. Its high-tech research has spawned spinoffs in medical and other fields.

Aerojet-General Corp. began by making jet-assisted takeoff (JATO) rockets in World War II. They were first demonstrated on August 16, 1941, by a group of enthusiasts from the California Institute of Technology led by professor Theodore von Karman. These provided an extra boost for aircraft taking off from short runways and aircraft carriers.

The company was incorporated March 19, 1942, as Aerojet Engineering Corp., and received its first production contract three months later. The first plant was located in Pasadena, California.

General Tire and Rubber Company, forerunner to GenCorp, was an early investor, acquiring the company in 1948. Aerojet produced thousands of JATO units during World War II.

In the spring of 1945, a number of scientists from Germany's V-2 rocket program surrendered to U.S. forces. Some of them, like Rudi Beichel, began working for Aerojet. Beichel is credited with leading the team that designed the Redstone rocket that Alan Shepard, Jr., rode into space in 1961.

Demand, production, and employment were cut back sharply following the war's end. However, some of the propeller-driven civilian airliners of the day could be fitted with JATO units to allow them to take off in the thin air of high elevation airports.

According to company literature, Aerojet became the first major U.S. company to develop expertise in both liquid and solid propellant rockets. The company was also responsible for the first U.S. rocket to probe the edge of space. The Aerobee class (eventually designated the X-8 series by the Air Force), launched in 1947, was used for decades.

Aerojet employed nearly 2,800 people in 1952, when sales were $21 million. In 1953, the company established a weapons plant in Rancho Cordova, near Sacramento, California. Two years earlier, as the community of Pasadena grew around its original facility, the company had begun buying enough land for the new plant to isolate it from future development. The plant would be considered the free world's largest rocket engine facility.

Aerojet was called the "General Motors of U.S. Rocketry" by Time magazine in 1958; five years later, the company employed 34,000 people working on missiles such as the Polaris, Minuteman, Trident, and Titan. Revenues were $605 million in 1962.

In 1959, the company created two new divisions: Ordnance and Electronic Systems. The Electronic Systems Division created infrared technology allowing satellites to observe missile launches around the world--a vital component of U.S. defense during the Cold War. In May 1959, Aerojet bought a Downey, California defense business from the Rheem Corporation. This was combined with a small defense operation acquired three years earlier to form the Ordnance Division.

In the 1960s, Aerojet built a plant near the Everglades to supply NASA with solid fuel rockets. It was closed after NASA chose liquid fuel for the Saturn V program.

Aerojet powered many of the rockets used in the Apollo program, culminating in the first moon landing on July 20, 1969. The company was also developing its microwave and infrared sensing systems, used to monitor weather and the environment from satellites. At the same time, Aerojet was mass producing rockets and other ordnance for the Vietnam Conflict.

Employment fell to 8,000 by the early 1970s. Aerojet worked with Textron Inc. unit Bell Aerospace Co. to develop a pair of experimental surface-effect ships for the U.S. Navy in the early 1970s, but dropped out of the program.

More enduring were contracts for the Combined Effects Munitions program and 30mm ammunition. Aerojet began producing depleted uranium rounds after the 1976 acquisition of a factory in Jonesborough, Tennessee.

Aerojet-General Corp. earned $25.5 million on revenues of $670 million in 1975. Aerojet had 14 operating companies, according to Business Week, including Aerojet Electrosystems, Barnard & Burk Inc. (energy-related construction and engineering), Chemical Construction Corp., CESSCO (oil tanks), Cordova Chemical Co., Howe Richardson Scale Co., and Liquid Rocket Co. Aerojet acquired Chemical Construction Corp., a builder of natural gas plants, in a bid to diversify from government defense contracts. Other subsidiaries produced chemicals, pumps, and valves. A food flavorings unit, H.A. Johnson Co., was sold to Sands, Taylor & Wood of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in February 1975.

Company President Jack H. Vollbrecht embraced an "80-20" system, reported Business Week, urging managers to spend most of their time on the most important matters. Jack L. Heckel replaced Vollbrecht as president in 1981, and was named chairman and CEO in 1984.

Sales were $349.4 million in 1980, with earnings of $26.6 million. The Reagan era defense buildup was just beginning. Aerojet was a supplier of solid fuel propulsion systems for the new MX missile system, among other projects. While rival Morton Thiokol Inc. won the initial contract to build solid fuel booster rockets for the Space Shuttle, Aerojet would supply the liquid fuel maneuvering engines. Aerojet also designed and produced elements of the Strategic Defense Initiative, a system designed to intercept incoming ballistic missiles.

In the early 1980s, Aerojet's corporate parent, General Tire, was, according to Business Week, considering spinning off its many holdings into three separate companies in order to raise its share price. Aerojet itself was divesting some of its subsidiaries as it refocused on its lucrative aerospace business. The General Tire and Rubber Company became GenCorp. in the mid-1980s.

Aerojet's 13,500-acre complex near Rancho Cordova, California, was designated a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1983, and the company was forced to spend millions treating the groundwater underneath it. Since the 1960s, it had been poisoned by 30 different types of contaminants, alleged one lawsuit by a local water supplier. Aerojet would commit to a $100 million cleanup program of its Rancho Cordova site even before the discovery of perchlorate contamination prompted the closure of 18 wells in California in 1997. (A 1992 report by the General Accounting Office estimated the potential total cleanup cost to be up to $1 billion.)

Aerojet had begun applying some of its technology to medical applications, such as a cryogenic brain probe. The company also had an artificial heart research program, which was spun off in the mid-1980s as Nimbus Inc. Aerojet employees formed a number of other enterprises, such as Clean Energy Systems, launched in 1993 to apply Rudi Beichel's ideas for developing steam power using rocket technology.

Aerojet reached sales of $1 billion in 1988, when it had 8,000 employees. A slowdown in defense spending soon resulted in layoffs and factory closings. During the year, the company traded 5,100 acres in the Everglades to the federal government for 53,000 acres near its testing site in Nevada.

In 1989, NASA chose Aerojet and Lockheed Corporation to produce solid fuel rocket motors for the Space Shuttle program, replacing Morton Thiokol Inc., which had been dropped after the Challenger disaster. However, the booster rocket replacement program was canceled by Congress in October 1993. Aerojet was researching a cleaner, nitrate-based oxidizer for solid rocket motors, which until then left a noxious trail of hydrogen chloride exhaust.

Aerojet announced a reorganization in May 1990. Its two Sacramento propulsion units were combined into the Aerojet Propulsion Division. Three other divisions were renamed: Aerojet Space Boosters, which was producing advanced solid rocket motors (ASRM) for the Space Shuttle, was renamed the Aerojet ASRM Division; Aerojet ElectroSystems, based in Azusa, California, became the Aerojet Electronics Division; and Downey, California-based Aerojet Ordnance became the Aerojet Ordnance Division.

Aerojet's satellite technology was used to detect Iraq's Scud missile launches during the Persian Gulf War. Aerojet also supplied cluster bombs for the war effort; in 1994 it and the only other supplier, Alliant Techsystems Inc., were fined for price fixing related to these armaments.

In 1993, Aerojet unveiled a refueling system for natural gas vehicles. It used mobile fuel tanks constructed of high-tech composite materials. In the 1993 fiscal year, sales were $872 million, down from $1.1 billion, but they still accounted for nearly half of the parent company's total revenues. Aerojet employed 5,000 people in the early 1990s. The company trimmed 1,250 jobs in 1993; cutbacks at NASA resulted in the layoffs of another 650 workers in 1994.

Portions of the munitions business were sold to Olin Corporation of Stamford, Connecticut. In December 1994, GenCorp announced it would sell the rest of Aerojet as well. At the time, Aerojet had 1,350 employees at its electronics plant in Azusa, California, and 1,650 at its propulsion plant near Sacramento. The sale of Aerojet was not completed, however.

Aerojet was developing new lines of business in the late 1990s. The company had won contracts to supply fuselage panels for the new F-22 Raptor fighter, but the long-running Peacekeeper missile program was canceled.

Aerojet Fine Chemicals was one of Aerojet's fastest growing new ventures. The unit manufactured chemicals for pharmaceutical companies. By 1999 sales were $45 million a year. In 2000, Aerojet Fine Chemicals was partially merged with Pharbil Technologies, an investor group associated with Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Inc. GenCorp bought back ownership of Aerojet Fine Chemicals one year later.

A space propulsion joint venture with United Technologies Corp.'s Pratt & Whitney unit was discussed in 2000 but not consummated (Aerojet's environmental cleanup costs were one factor cited in the press). The rocket-propulsion industry, which then had a half-dozen competitors, was consolidating due to shrinking demand and excess capacity.

In 2001, Northrop Grumman Corporation bought Aerojet's Electronic and Information Systems (EIS) business for $315 million. EIS had 2000 revenues of $323 million, but was considered too small to compete with prime contractors such as Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, and TRW. It employed about 1,350 people, most of them near Los Angeles. EIS was merged into Northrop's Space Systems Division.

In August 2001, Aerojet successfully test fired the world's largest one-piece rocket motor to date. It was built for Lockheed Martin's Atlas V rocket.

A 2,600-acre section of the Rancho Cordova property was removed from Superfund status in 2002 and was slated to be commercially developed. Aerojet sold the Lake Natoma Office Park located on this property in August 2003.

Aerojet made a couple of acquisitions that together doubled its size. In late 2002, it paid $93 million for General Dynamics' Ordnance and Tactical Systems Space Propulsion and Fire Suppression unit, based in Redmond, Washington, which employed 300 people and had sales of about $60 million a year. Renamed Aerojet Redmond after the acquisition, this company had been founded in 1968 as Rocket Research. It specialized in small thrusters used to guide satellites in space.

The space propulsion business of Atlantic Research Corp. (ARC) was acquired in the summer of 2003 for $133 million. ARC's propulsion unit had sales of $150 million a year and 900 employees. The addition of the two programs expanded Aerojet's range of offerings, including more rockets for the Space Shuttle program. Aerojet was also involved in the propulsion systems behind the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity. Aerojet's profits slipped 2.3 percent to $43 million in 2003 as revenues rose 18 percent to $321 million.

Principal Divisions

Propulsion Systems; Specialty Metals; Munitions Loading & Packing.

Principal Competitors

ATK Thiokol Inc.; Boeing Integrated Defense Systems; Northrop Grumman Corporation.

History

Aerojet developed from a 1936 meeting hosted by Theodore von Kármán at his house. In addition to von Kármán, who was at the time director of Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, a number of other Caltech professors and students were in attendance, like the eminent rocket scientist and astrophysicist, Fritz Zwicky, as well as self-taught explosives expert Jack Parsons, all of whom were interested in the topic of spaceflight. The group continued to meet time to time, but was essentially limited to discussions as opposed to experimentation.

Things changed in 1938 when the US Army offered two research projects, one for windshield de-icing on aircraft, and another for rocket engines to launch aircraft (today known as JATO). Dr. Jerome Clarke Hunsaker at MIT had the first pick, and feeling that the rocket research was a "Buck Rogers" project, left rockets to the Caltech team.

Their first design was tested on August 16, 1941, consisting of a small cylindrical solid fuel motor attached to the bottom of a plane. The takeoff distance was shortened by half, and the USAAF placed an order for experimental production versions. On March 19, 1942 the company was officially formed in Azusa, CA, known as Aerojet Engineering. The founders of the Aerojet Engineering Corporation were Frank Malina, von Kármán, Parsons, Forman, Martin Summerfield, and Andrew Haley.^[1] In 1943 the Army Air Forces finally placed a full order, demanding that 2000 be delivered before year-end. The company also invested in pure rocket research, developing both a liquid fueled design, and a new solid fuel design based on a rubber binding agent in partnership with General Tire. In the immediate post-war era Aerojet downsized dramatically, but their JATO units continued to sell for commercial aircraft operating in hot-and-high conditions.

By 1950 their research into the rubber-binder had led to much larger engines, and then to the development of the Aerobee sounding rocket. Aerobee was the first US designed rocket to reach space (albeit not orbit), and completed over 1000 flights before it was retired in 1985. The newly-formed US Air Force used Aerojet as the primary supplier on a number of their ICBM projects, including the Titan and Minuteman missiles. They also delivered propulsion systems for the US Navy's submarine-launched Polaris missile. A new plant was set up in Sacramento that took over most rocket construction, while the original Azusa offices returned primarily to research. One of Azusa's major projects was the development of the infra-red detectors for the Defense Support Program satellites, used to detect ICBM launches from space. The new research arm was formed as Aerojet Electronics, and after purchasing a number of ordnance companies, Aerojet Ordnance was created as well. A new umbrella organization oversaw the three major divisions, Aerojet General.

President Kennedy's challenge to place man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s led to increased civilian work at Aerojet. In the past they had repeatedly lost contracts for large engines for the Saturn and Nova boosters, being designed in the late 1950s, typically to their rival Rocketdyne, but in the end were selected to develop and build the main engine for the Apollo Command/Service Module. In 1962 they were also selected to design a new upper-stage engine to replace the cluster of five J-2s used on the Saturn second stage in the post-Apollo era, but work on their resulting M-1 design was later ended in 1965 when it became clear the public's support for a massive space program was waning.

Similar work continued in the 1970s, delivering the 2nd stage motor for the MX missile, the thruster systems for the Space Shuttle, and the first US-designed cluster bombs. A contract for 30 mm ammunition for the A-10 Thunderbolt II was so extensive that new branch plants were set up in Downey and Chino in 1978. Aerojet also purchased a number of other firms over this period, and their plant in Jonesborough, TN developed the use of depleted uranium ordnance. To this day they are the primary supplier of these weapons. Their electronics and ordnance divisions also collaborated on the SADARM 8" anti-armor artillery round, but this was not put into production.

The 1980s saw a brief revival of the aerospace business during the heyday of Reagan's SDI program, but the company shrank continually during the late 1980s and into the 1990s.

During the 21st century, Aerojet grew steadily from 2002 to 2008. In 2008, Aerojet employed more than 3500. Aerojet's second-stage for the Delta II rocket engine (first used in 1960) completed a record 268 successful mission launches on February 6, 2009. NASA's Constellation program set a long-term goal of returning to the moon and continue with missions to Mars. NASA chose Aerojet to provide the primary design and development of Orion spacecraft propulsion systems.

Aerojet has major facilities in Jonesborough, TN; Redmond, WA; Orange, VA; Gainesville, VA; Camden, AR; and Socorro, NM.

Florida facility and canal

In the 1960s, Aerojet solid fuel technology was under consideration for use in Saturn first stages. A monolithic, 21 foot diameter motor was designed, which was too big to be transported by rail. A facility was constructed in the Florida Everglades where the motors could be built and tested, and then barged to Cape Canaveral. A canal was dug (C-111), the southernmost freshwater canal in Southeast Florida, and a drawbridge was installed for the U.S. Highway 1 crossing at mile marker 116. The canal was dubbed the "Aerojet Canal". SW 232nd Avenue was renamed "Aerojet Road". When the Aerojet product was not selected for the Saturn project, and segmented boosters were chosen for the Space Shuttle, the land and facilities were returned to the state, and are now managed by the South Florida Water Management District and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as a nature preserve. The Aerojet signage still remains for both the road and canal.

EPA Superfund Sites

Aerojet's manufacture, testing and disposal methods led to toxic contamination of both the land and groundwater in the Rancho Cordova area, leading to the designation of a Superfund site.^[2] Solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and chloroform and rocket fuel by-products such as N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and perchlorate were discovered in drinking water wells near Aerojet in 1979. Since then, two State agencies and the Environmental Protection Agency have been working with Aerojet to ensure that the company cleans up pollution caused by its operations at the site. Under state and federal enforcement orders, Aerojet installed several systems on the borders of its property to pump out and treat contaminated groundwater. Aerojet has also conducted a number of removal actions for onsite soils, liquids, and sludges. In 2003, groundwater sampling data revealed a plume of contamination extending northwest under Carmichael.^[3]

Discovery of TCE contamination at the Sacramento facility also led Aerojet to look into possible contamination of the groundwater at Aerojet's Azusa facility, where much of the testing of JATO's and Rocket engines were conducted before moving those operations to Sacramento. In 1980, it was announced that there was TCE contamination in the groundwater at Aerojet's facility in Azusa in a hearing chaired by State Senator Esteben Torres. In 1985, it was declared a Superfund Site by the EPA as San Gabriel Superfund Site II^[4] and the cleanup done under the Baldwin Park Operable Unit^[5]. In 1997, it was also discovered that there was also NDMA and Ammonium Perchlorate contamination in this plume and that Aerojet was once again labeled a Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) in this action. Aerojet sold this facility in 2001 to Northrop Grumman Corporation.

Most U.S. citizens remain unaware of the fact that Aerojet's disposal of toxic material occurred 20 years prior to the establishment of a provisional perchlorate RfD limit of 1E-4 mg/kg/day in 1992 (to have been achieved by all companies by 1995).^{[citation needed]} This limit was increased to 9E-4 mg/kg/day in 1998, and prior to the results from NAS studies, the limit was reduced to 4E-5 mg/kg/day in 2002. The NAS studies disputed the 4E-5 limit, and recommended its current limit of 7E-4 mg/kg/day.

Aerojet employees in 2010 are not the same employees who worked on military contracts in the 1950s & 1960s. The company acquired the old Rocket Research Corporation (Redmond, WA), and promoted J. Scott Neish to President of Aerojet in 2005, and President of GenCorp in 2008. Aerojet-GenCorp (NYSE:GY) actively works to protect the environment from any further harm, and has developed "clean" rocket technology (Xenon gas thrusters) for satellite orbit maintenance and NASA deep space missions. The new thrusters are more efficient than older liquid fuel thrusters, and are now available for future space missions.

Aerojet in the 1990s

As Aerojet downsized, many of their industrial plants were idled, and the company looked for ways to capitalize them. Their massive investment in chemical mixing equipment used to build their solid fuel rockets was later leased to third parties, notably pharmaceutical companies, under the name Aerojet Fine Chemicals. The division was later sold. Aerojet Real Estate was "more direct", leasing buildings, or selling off undeveloped land. It owned approximately 12,600 acres (51 km²) of land, located 15 miles (24 km) east of downtown Sacramento.

The remaining research and development sections of Aerojet were organized into the Aerospace and Defense division (ADS). They continued to develop and produce liquid, solid, and air-breathing engines for strategic and tactical missiles, precision strike missiles, and interceptors required for missile defense. Product applications for defense systems included strategic and tactical missile motors; maneuvering propulsion systems; attitude control systems; and warhead assemblies used in precision weapon systems and missile defense, as well as airframe structures required on the F-22 Raptor aircraft and fire suppression systems for military and commercial vehicles. Their space-related products included liquid engines for expendable and reusable launch vehicles, upper stage engines, satellite propulsion, large solid boosters, and integrated propulsion subsystems.

Aerojet successfully qualified a 4.5 kW Hall effect thruster electric propulsion system based on technology licensed from the Busek Corporation.^[6]^[7] Aerojet is under contract to Lockheed Martin to provide the first two shipsets of the new thruster system for the next generation Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) system, an Air Force program.^[8]^[9] Research into the next generation of advanced or "green" monopropellant engines met with mixed success in the 1990s. HAN engines developed under contract to the US Air Force and Missile Defense Agency provided proof of concept^[10].^[11]^[12]^[13]

Aerojet is currently owned by the company formerly known as the General Tire & Rubber Company, which changed its name to GenCorp in 1984. GenCorp is headquartered in Rancho Cordova, California.

References

^ "Malina, Frank Joseph". American National Biography. http://www.anb.org/articles/13/13-02215.html.
^ "EPA Proposes a Plan to Address Groundwater Contamination in the Western Area of the Aerojet Site". California Department of Toxic Substances Control. November 2000. http://envirostordev.ecointeractive.com/regulators/deliverable_documents/5843976676/aerojet%20pplan2nd%5F11%5F00%2Epdf.
^ "Edge of Groundwater Contamination Plume Appears in Carmichael". United States Environmental Protection Agency. May 2004. http://envirostordev.ecointeractive.com/regulators/deliverable_documents/7714811027/Aerojet%20General%20NDMA%205%5F04%20230k%2Epdf.
^ "San Gabriel Valley II". US EPA, Region 9. http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/3dec8ba3252368428825742600743733/538dd2f968eac4fb88257007005e9460!OpenDocument.
^ "Baldwin Park Operable Unit". San Gabriel Basin Water Quality Authority. http://www.wqa.com/projects_02.php.
^ Aerojet Qualifies High Power Electric Propulsion System
^ "Development of the BPT family of U.S.-designed Hall current thrusters for commercial LEO and GEO applications" D. King, D. Tilley, R. Aadland, K. Nottingham, R. Smith, C. Roberts (PRIMEX Aerospace Co., Redmond, WA), V. Hruby, B. Pote, and J. Monheiser (Busek Co., Inc., Natick, MA) AIAA-1998-3338 AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 34th, Cleveland, OH, July 13-15, 1998
^ http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMJPC2003_775/PV2003_5261.pdf
^ Aerojet Produces New Generation of Non-toxic, Fuel-Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems | SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
^ Gencorp News Releases
^ Meinhardt, D., et al., “Development and Testing of New HAN-Based Monopropellants in Small Rocket Thrusters,” AIAA 98–4006, 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Cleveland, OH, July 1998
^ Meinhardt, D., et al., “Performance and Life Testing of Small HAN Thrusters,” AIAA 99–2881, 35th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Los Angeles, CA, June 1999.
^ Jankovsky, R., “HAN-Based Monopropellant Assessment for Spacecraft,” AIAA 96–2863, 32nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, July 1996.

External links

v • d • e Lists relating to aviation

General	Timeline of aviation · Aircraft (manufacturers) · Aircraft engines (manufacturers) · Airports · Airlines · Civil authorities · Museums

Military	Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft

Accidents/incidents	General · Military · Commercial (airliners) · Deaths

Records	Airspeed · Distance · Altitude · Endurance · Most-produced aircraft

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Donate to Wikimedia

Learn More

	GenCorp Inc. (Public Company)
	Turboramjet
	Studio PER (art)

What is the name of Aerojet Generals Workmans Compensation Carrier How do you report fraud to them? Read answer...

Help us answer these

	Aerojet-general corp employee retirement benefits enrollment?
	What is Robert N Ackley's relationship to Aerojet General?
	You are looking or information on the Aerojet facility that was near the Everglades?

Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:

Copyrights:

		Hoover's Profile. ©2008 Hoover's, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
		Company History. International Directory of Company Histories. Copyright © 2006 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
		Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Aerojet". Read more