| Akershus festning | |
|---|---|
| Oslo, Norway | |
 Akershus Fortress |
|
| Built | 1290s |
| Construction materials |
Stone |
| In use | 1290s-today |
| Controlled by | Norway |
Akershus Fortress (Norwegian: Akershus Festning) or Akershus Castle (Norwegian: Akershus slott) is the old castle built to protect Oslo, the capital of Norway. It has also been used as a prison.
Contents |
Construction
The first work on the castle started around the late 1290s, by King Håkon V, replacing Tønsberg as one of the two most important Norwegian castles of the period (the other being Båhus). It was constructed in response to the Norwegian nobleman, Earl Alv Erlingsson of Sarpsborg’s earlier attack on Oslo.
Military usage
The fortress has successfully survived many sieges, primarily by Swedish forces. In the early 17th c., the fortress was modernized and remodeled under the reign of the active King Christian IV, and got the appearance of a renaissance castle.
The fortress was first used in battle in 1308, when it was besieged by the Swedish duke Erik of Södermanland, who later in the same year won the Swedish throne. The immediate proximity of the sea was a key feature, for naval power was a vital military force as the majority of Norwegian commerce in that period was by sea. The fortress was strategically important for the capital, and therefore, Norway as well. Whoever ruled Akershus fortress ruled Norway.
The fortress has never been successfully captured by a foreign enemy. It surrendered without combat to Nazi Germany in 1940 when the Norwegian government evacuated the capital in the face of the unprovoked German assault on Denmark and Norway (see Operation Weserübung). During World War II, several people were executed here by the German occupiers. After the war, eight Norwegian traitors who had been tried for war crimes and sentenced to death were also executed at the fortress. Among those executed was Vidkun Quisling. [1]
Prison
Akershus has also been a prison, a section of it known as The Slavery (Norwegian: Slaveriet) as the prisoners could be rented out for work in the city. It has housed many rebels and criminals through Norwegian history. Particularly well-known people to have been imprisoned there includes the semi-legendary "thief of the people" and author Gjest Baardsen (1791-1849),[2] and the similarly idealized thief Ole Høiland.[3] Also, many early Norwegian socialists (supporters of Marcus Thrane, 1817-1890) also spent time in the cells of Akershus.[4]
Kautokeino rebellion prisoners
Following the 1852 Laestadian Sámi revolt in Guovdageaidnu, all men except the two leaders Aslak Hætta[5] and Mons Somby[6] (who were beheaded in Alta) ended up in Akershus Fortress - the women were imprisoned in Trondheim. Many of the rebels died after a few years in captivity.[7][8][9][10][11] Among the survivors was Lars Hætta[12] (18 years at the time of imprisonment), who during his stay was allowed time and means to write the first translation of the Bible into North Sámi.[13]
Current usage
Akershus fortress is still a military area, but is open to the public daily until 9pm. In addition to the castle, the Norwegian Armed Forces museum and the Norwegian Resistance museum can be visited there. The Norwegian Ministry of Defence and Defence Staff Norway (armed forces headquarters) have a joint modern headquarter in the eastern part of Akershus Fortress.
Norwegian Royalty have been buried in the Royal Mausoleum in the castle. They include, King Sigurd I, King Haakon V, Queen Eufemia, King Haakon VII, Queen Maud, King Olav V and Crown Princess Märtha.
Commanders of Akershus fortress
The year is that in which they first took command.
- 1629 Ove Gedde
- 1654 Georg Reichwein
- 1662 Hans Jacob Schort
- 1670 Michael Opitz
- 1676 Frants Eberhard von Speckhan
- 1679 Ejler Jensen Visborg
- 1680 Hans Brostrup Schort
- 1687 Anton Coucheron
- 1690 Nikolaj de Seve
- 1706 Hans Frederik Legel
- 1708 Ernst Bugislav Waldau
- 1709 Johan Frederik Münnich
- 1711 Nikolaj Sibbern
- 1712 Jørgen Christopher von Klenow
- 1719 Georg von Bertouch
- 1740 Johan Frederik Leben
- 1744 Jonas Bjørnsen
- 1762 Frans Grabow
- 1772 Christopher Frederik Ingenhaeff
- 1774 Hans Jacob Henning Hesselberg
- 1806 Frederik Gottschalck von Haxthausen
- (incomplete)
- at present Geir Holmenes
Facts and Figures
- A portion of the fortress was replicated at the Norway (Epcot) pavilion at Epcot Center theme park in Orlando, Florida.
Gallery
 The fortress right in the middle of Oslo Harbour |
 Inside the Akershus fortress church |
 Akershus Castle |
 Akershus fortress seen from the west |
 The Armoury door |
References
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akershus_festning#Slaveri_og_nedbygging_fra_1820-.C3.A5rene_til_1900
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjest_Baardsen
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_H%C3%B8iland
- ^ http://www.dramatiker.no/index.php?id=18591
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslak_Jacobsen_H%C3%A6tta
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_Somby
- ^ http://arkivverket.no/kautokeino-opproret/no/rettsoppgjoret.html
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peder_Olsen_Kautokeino
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Jacobsdatter_H%C3%A6tta
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslak_Pedersen_Rist
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Aslaksen_Skum
- ^ http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Jacobsen_H%C3%A6tta
- ^ http://www.kulturkompasset.com/index.php?AID=858&TID=2
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Akershus festning |
Coordinates: 59°54′23.78″N 10°44′10.24″E / 59.9066056°N 10.7361778°E
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