The most powerful submarine to date is the Akula (or NATO
designation Typhoon) class boat, first launched in 1986 by the
Russians. It has a maximum displacement of 12,770 tons submerged
(for the Akula II).
Answering a most-powerful-millitary-vehicle/aircraft/ship is
sometimes hard because a given piece of hardware might be longer,
but lighter, etc. Certainly each piece of equipment has advantages
and disadvantages over another, but, this submarine has the largest
maximun load capacity. It has the greatest shaft horsepower rating,
too. A link is provided below for more information.