al dente

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In cooking, the Italian expression al dente (pronounced /ɑl ˈdɛnteɪ/ in English, /al ˈdɛnte/ in Italian) describes pasta and (less commonly) rice or beans that have been cooked so as to be firm but not hard. "Al dente" also describes vegetables that are cooked to the "tender crisp" phase - still offering resistance to the bite, but cooked through. It is often considered to be the ideal form of cooked pasta. Keeping the pasta firm is especially important in baked or "al forno" pasta dishes. The term comes from Italian and means "to the tooth" or "to the bite", referring to the need to chew the pasta due to its firmness. The term is also very commonly used as a name for Italian restaurants around the world.^{[citation needed]}

For cooking rice or pasta to the "al dente" stage you have to find the midway stage between the under-cooked phase, where rice or dried pasta stays hard in the middle and where fresh pasta tastes "floury", and the over-cooked phase, where the dish lacks texture and is considered too soft. Using plenty of salt helps achieve the "al dente" texture.

Pasta that is cooked al dente has a lower glycemic index than pasta that is cooked soft.^[1]

Misconceptions of "al dente"

Perhaps the most common misconception about the term is the idea that "to the tooth" means the item should stick to the teeth. If pasta sticks to the teeth when it is being chewed, it is widely considered undercooked^[2]

The term is also occasionally used in reference to cooking vegetables, such as green beans or brussels sprouts, though this is often misunderstood as meaning that instead of being cooked all the way through, they still have a raw taste to them, generally undesirable in cooking. It should be interpreted as cooking them just until they lose their raw taste, as a way to avoid overcooking them.^[3][4][5]

A more esoteric usage is also germane to the cooking of meats; specifically, the idea of cooking meats to a specific "under-done" consistency so that further cooking/preparation processes can be applied to the meat, with respect to the additional ingredients. For example, a particularly popular recipe is that of making "sugared bacon", where brown or confectioners sugar is applied to the bacon. Some recipes call for the sugar to be added to raw bacon and then baked. However, other recipes insist that the bacon be cooked "al dente" in a frying pan, set off to the side, sprinkled with confectioners sugar, and then broiled for about 5 minutes. The "al dente" bacon approach is often times preferred in that, while the bacon will firm up, the sugar does not crystallize or harden.^[6]

References

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Al dente