Alfred Austin

Alfred Austin, 1900

Alfred Austin (30 May 1835 – 2 June 1913) was an English poet who was appointed Poet Laureate in 1896 upon the death of Alfred, Lord Tennyson.

Life

Alfred Austin was born in Headingley, near Leeds, on 30 May 1835. His father, Joseph Austin, was a merchant in Leeds; his mother, a sister of Joseph Locke, M.P. for Honiton. Austin was educated at Stonyhurst College (Clitheroe, Lancashire), and University of London, from which he graduated in 1853.^[1]

He became a barrister in 1857 before leaving law to concentrate on literature.^[1][2]

Politically conservative, Austin edited National Review for several years, and wrote leading articles for The Standard.^[1]

On Tennyson's death in 1892 it was felt that none of the then living poets, except Algernon Charles Swinburne or William Morris, who were outside consideration on other grounds, was of sufficient distinction to succeed to the laurel crown, and for several years no new poet-laureate was nominated. In the interval the claims of one writer and another were assessed, but eventually, in 1896, Austin was appointed to the post^[1] after Morris had declined it.

Broadus writes that the choice of Austin for poet-laureate had much to do with Austin's friendship with Lord Salisbury, his position as an editor and leader writer, and his willingness to use his poetry to support the government.^[3] For example, shortly before his appointment was announced, Austin published a sonnet entitled A Vindication of England, written in response to a series of sonnets by William Watson, published in the Westminster Gazette, that had accused Salisbury's government of betraying Armenia and abandoning its people to Turkish massacres.^[4]

Austin died of unknown causes in Ashford, Kent, England.^[1]

Poetry

In 1861, after two false starts in poetry and fiction, he made his first noteworthy appearance as a writer with The Season: a Satire, which contained incisive lines, and was marked by some promise both in wit and observation. In 1870 he published a volume of criticism, The Poetry of the Period, which was conceived in the spirit of satire, and attacked Tennyson, Browning, Matthew Arnold and Swinburne in an unrestrained fashion. The book aroused some discussion at the time, but its judgments were extremely uncritical.^[1]

As poet-laureate, his topical verses did not escape negative criticism; a hasty poem written in praise of the Jameson Raid in 1896 being a notable instance. The most effective characteristic of Austin's poetry, as of the best of his prose, was a genuine and intimate love of nature. His prose idylls, The Garden that I love and In Veronica's Garden, are full of a pleasant, open-air flavour. His lyrical poems are wanting in spontaneity and individuality, but many of them possess a simple, orderly charm, as of an English country lane. He had, indeed, a true love of England, sometimes not without a suspicion of insularity, but always fresh and ingenuous. A drama by him, Flodden Field, was acted at His Majesty's theatre in 1903.^[1]

Bibliography

Novels

Five Years of It (1858) – Published by JF Hope (London) [2 vols]

An Artist's Proof (1864) – Published by Tinsley (London) [3 vols]

Won by a Head (1866) – Published by Chapman & Hall (London) [3 vols]

Poetry

Randolph: A Poem in Two Cantos, Saunders & Otley (London), 1855, revised edition published as Leszko the Bastard: A Tale of Polish Grief, Chapman & Hall, 1877

The Human Tragedy: A Poem, Hardwicke (London) 1862, revised edition, Blackwood (Edinburgh) 1876, new revised edition, Macmillan (London) 1889

Interludes (1872) – Published by Blackwood

At the Gate of the Convent and Other Poems (1885) – Published by Macmillan (London)

Love's Widowhood and Other Poems (1889) – Published by Macmillan (London)

Lyrical Poems (1891) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City)

Narrative Poems (1891) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City)

The Conversion of Winckelmann and Other Poems (1897) – Published by Macmillan (London)

A Tale of True Love and Other Poems (1902) – Published by Macmillan (London), Harper (New York City)

Sacred and Profane Love and Other Poems (1908) – Published by Macmillan (London)

Drama

The Tower of Babel: A Poetical Drama (1874) – Published by Blackwood (Edinburgh)

Savonarola: A Tragedy (1881) – Published by Macmillan (London)

Fortunatus the Pessimist: A Dramatic Poem (1892) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City)

England's Darling (1896) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City);

Republished as Alfred the Great: England's Darling (1901) – Macmillan (London)

Flodden Field: A Tragedy, Harper, (1903) – Published by Macmillan (London)

Other

The Season: A Satire, Hardwicke (London), 1861, revised edition, Manwaring (London), 1861, new revised edition, Hotten (London), 1869

A Vindication of Lord Byron (1869) – Published by Chapman & Hall

The Poetry of the Period (1870) – Published by Bentley (London)

The Golden Age: A Satire in Verse (1871) – Published by Chapman & Hall

The Garden that I Love (1894) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City)

In Veronica's Garden (1895) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City)

Lamia's Winter-Quarters (1898) – Published by Macmillan (London)

Haunts of Ancient Peace (1902) – Published by Macmillan (London & New York City), A. & C. Black (London)

A Lesson in Harmony (1904) – Published by French (New York City)

The Poet's Diary (1904) – Published by Macmillan (London)

(Editor) An Eighteenth Century Anthology (1904) – Published by Blackie (London)

The Bridling of Pegasus: Prose Papers on Poetry (1910) – Published by Macmillan (London)

The Autobiography of Alfred Austin, Poet Laureate, 1835–1910 (1911) – Published by Macmillan (London) [2 vols]

A Poem – To England

Caricature

Austin was caricatured as "Sir Austed Alfrin" by L. Frank Baum in his 1906 novel John Dough and the Cherub.

Notes

References

• The autobiography of Alfred Austin, poet laureate, 1835 – 1910; (ISBN 0-404-08717-5)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alfred Austin

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Alfred Austin

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Alfred Austin

• Works by Alfred Austin at Project Gutenberg
• Archival material relating to Alfred Austin listed at the UK National Register of Archives
• Alfred Austin Papers, 1869–1902 (5 linear ft.) housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries