In Bugia, a port east of Algiers in the Almohad dynasty's sultanate in North Africa (now Bejaia, Algeria).

The Almohad Caliphate lasted from 1121 to 1269.

There are a number of states that rose to prominence in the 1200s, the most important were the Mongol Empire, the Almohad Caliphate, and the Mamluk Sultanate. While there were several other empires that were powerful at the beginning of the 1200s, like Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Sultanate of Khwarezm, these empires were smashed by the Mongol Empire by the end of the century.

No, the order of the 5 main dynasty's was

1.) Xia Dynasty

2.) Snag Dynasty

3.) Chou or Zhou Dynasty

4.) Ch'in or Qin Dynasty

5.) Han Dynasty

The is no famous dynasty that defeated the Arabs per se. The Seljuk Turks and Ottoman Turks inflicted heavy defeats upon Arabs. The Almoravid and Almohad Amazigh leaders handily defeated the Arabs in several wars. The Mongols led by Hülegü Khan destroyed the Abbassid Caliphate. The House of Windsor and the House of Bonaparte (of the UK and France) also handed the Arabs numerous defeats.