The Alvars spelt as Azhwars(Tamil: ஆழ்வார்கள்) ([aːɻʋaːr], ‘those immersed in god’) were Tamil poet saints of south India who lived between the sixth and ninth centuries and espoused ‘emotional devotion’ or bhakti to Visnu-Krishna in their songs of longing, ecstasy and service. Sri Vaishnava orthodoxy posits the number of alvars as ten, though there are other references that include Andal and madhurakavi, making the number twelve. [1] The devotional outpourings of Alvars, composed during the early medieval period of Tamil history, helped revive the bhakti movement, through their hymns of worship to Vishnu and his avatars. The collection of their hymns is known as Divya Prabandha and is considered equal to the sanksrit body of work called vedas and related revelatory texts, detailing knowledge of Nature, God and the relationship between the two.
The Bhakti literature that sprang from Alvars has contributed to the establishment and sustenance of a culture that broke away from the ritual-oriented Vedic religion and rooted itself in devotion as the only path for salvation. In addition they helped to make the Tamil religious life independent of a knowledge of Sanskrit. [2] As part of the legacy of the Alvars, five Vaishnava philosophical traditions (sampradayas) have developed at the later stages.[3]
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Etymology
Alvars or 'Azhwars' literally means 'people who are immersed'. They are so called because they were immersed in their devotion and love to their Lord, Vishnu. [4]
Legacy
The twelve Alvars were all inspired and ardent devotees who transmitted their divine infatuation to millions. They have left behind an imperishable legacy of devotional Tamil poetry - naalaayira Divya Prabhandham (considered to be the essence of the Vedas, in Tamil, and all in praise of Lord Vishnu). These have been rarely equalled either in quantity or in quality ever after.
The one held in greatest esteem among the Alvars is Nammalvar. He lived during the seventh century CE. His contribution to the four thousand prabandhams is as many as 1352. His hymns are considered by the Vaishnavites to contain the essence of the Vedas. His works - Thiru Aasiriyam, Thiru Virudham, Periya Thiruvandhadhi correspond to the Yajur, Rig and Atharva Vedas respectively. His other work Periya Thirumozhi (Divine words) is the one of the key works of Vaishnavism.
Periyalvar delighted in worshipping Vishnu as mother, nurse, devotee and lady love. Andal, who grew up in Periyalvar's home, is attributed the Tiruppaavai, a most beautiful collection of 30 verses giving expression to the purest love of God.
Thirumangai Alvar has done mangalasasanam (sung in praise) of maximum number of Divya Desams.
For a detailed list of number of paasurams of all Alvars on each Divyadesam: Mangalasasanam by Divyadesam
Caste
The revered alvars came from all castes, a symbolic notion in SriVaishnavism to show that devotion to God transcends above caste. Nammalvar, or Satakopan, belonged to the Vellala caste. Tirumangai Alvar belonged to the Kallara tribe. Thirumalisai Alvar belonged to Paraiyar untouchable caste. Tiruppani Alvar belonged to Panar untouchable caste, Kulashekhara was a ruler. Vishnu Chitta, or Periyalvar, was a Brahmin.
Alvars; their place, month and star of birth
The following tables shows the place, century and star of birth of each Alvar. [5]
| Sl no | Alwar Saint | Period and Place | Other names | Month | Nakshatra | Sign |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poigai Alvar | 7th C. AD, Kanchipuram | Saro-yogi, Kaasaara-yogi,
Poigai-piraan, Padma-muni, Kavinyarporeyeru |
Aiypassee | Thiruvonam (Sravana) | Panchajanya (Name of Lord Shri Krisha's Conch-Sanskrit translation means five senses) |
| 2 | Bhoothathalvar | 7th C. AD, Thirukadalmallai (Mahabhalipuram) | Aiypassee | Avittam (Dhanishta) | Kaumodakee (Mace/Club) | |
| 3 | Peyalvar | 7th C. AD, Mylapore | Kairava-muni, Maha-daahva-yaar, Thamizh-Thalaivan | Aiypassee | Sadayam (Satabhishak) | Nandaka (Sword) |
| 4 | Thirumalisai Alvar | 7th C. AD, Thirumazhisai | Bhakthi-saarar, Bhaargavar, Magisaaraapuriswarar, Mazhisai-piraan | Thai | Magam (Magha) | Sudarshanam (Name of Lord vishnu's weapon -"Discus", Sanskrit translation means good sight / view) |
| 5 | Nammalvar | 9th C. AD, Azhwar Thirunagari (Kurugur) | Sadagopan, Sadaari, Paraankusun, Maaran, Vakulaa Baranan, Kurugaiyar-kone | Vaigaasi | Vishaakam (Vishaaka) | Vishvaksena (Commander) |
| 6 | Madhurakavi Alvar | 9th C. AD, Thirukollur | Inkaviyaar, Azhwaarukku Adiyaan | Chitthirai | Chitthirai (Chithra) | Vainatheya (Garuda) |
| 7 | Kulashekhara Alvar | 8th C. AD, thirvanjikkolam | Kolli-kaavalan, Koodal-naayakan,
Koyikone, Villavar-kone, Cheyralar-kone |
Maasee | Punar Poosam (Punarvasu) | Kaustubha (Gem Necklace) |
| 8 | Periyalvar | 9th C. AD, Sri Villiputhur | Vishnu-chitthar, Patta-naadan, Battar-piraan, Sri-Villiputthooraar, Sriranganaatha-Svasoorar | Aani | Swathi (Swaathee) | Garuda (Eagle) |
| 9 | Andal | 9th C. AD, Sri Villiputhur | Choodikoduttha Naacheyaar, Godai,
Godai-piraatti |
Aadi | Pooram (Poorva Phalguni) | Bhoodevi (Sankrit means Bhoo = Earth , Devi = Goddess) |
| 10 | Thondaradippodi Alvar | 8th C. AD, Thirumandangudi | Vibranaaraayanar, Thirumandangudiyaar,
Bhakthangirirenu, Palliunartthiya-piraan |
Maargazhi | Kettai (Jyeshta) | Vanamaalai (Garland) |
| 11 | Thiruppaan Alvar | 8th C. AD, Uraiyur | Paanar, Muni-vaahanar,
Yogi-vaahanar, Kaveeswarar |
Kaarthigai | Rogini (Rohinee) | Srivatsa |
| 12 | Thirumangai Alvar | 8th C. AD, thirukurayalur | Kaliyan, Aalinaadan, NaaluKaviPerumaal,
Arulmaari, Parakaalan, Mangaiyarkone |
Kaarthigai | KrithikaI (Kritthikaa) | Saranga (Bow) |
See also
Notes
- ^ Flood 1996, p. 131
- ^ "About Alvars". divyadesamonline.com. http://www.divyadesamonline.com/alwars.asp. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ Mittal, S. G. R. Thursby (2006). Religions of South Asia: An Introduction. Routledge. Page 27."As part of the legacy of the Alvars, five Vaisnava (devotion to Visnu) philosophical traditions (sampradaya) emerged that were based on the teachings of ..."
- ^ "Meaning of Alvar". www.ramanuja.org. http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ "Birth place and stars of Alvars". srirangapankajam.com. http://srirangapankajam.com/Thirunakshtram.aspx. Retrieved 2007-06-20.
References
- Flood, G.D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
External links
- The Twelve Alvars
- Alvars and Srivaishnavism
- The Alvar Saints (ramanuja.org)
- The Alvar Saints of Tamilnadu by Jyotsna Kamat
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