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Amartya Sen
| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Amartya Sen |
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| Biography: Amartya Kumar Sen |
Amartya Kumar Sen (born 1933) is the 1998 Nobel prize-winner in economics. He is a well-known economic theorist whose works link ethical questions with economic issues. Jeffrey Sachs wrote in "Time", "In a lifetime of careful scholarship, Sen has repeatedly returned to a basic theme: even impoverished societies can improve the well-being of their least advantaged members." And although he has spent much of his life outside his native India, his work has always focused on the poverty of India and other developing nations, and how to overcome it.
Born November 3, 1933, in Santiniketan, India, Sen came from an academic family, and actually came into the world on the campus of a small, progressive, coeducational school that was founded by Indian poet and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore was in fact a close friend of Sen's maternal grandfather, who taught Sanskrit, the language of Hindu scriptures, at Santiniketan. Tagore helped to name Sen, whose first name means "immortal" in Sanskrit. Sen's father, Ashutosh, was a professor of chemistry at Dhaka University, and his mother, Amita, was a writer who also performed in many dance-dramas that Tagore wrote; she also edited a literary magazine in Bengal, India.
Life-Changing Events
Sen attended the Santiniketan school, which, he told Jonathan Steele in the Guardian, was very different from both the English-language schools run by the British, who controlled India at the time, and the Indian nationalist schools. Classes were taught in Bengali, a local language, and the school was deliberately international, emphasizing global culture. However, the school, like others in India, had no room for the poor. When Sen was nine, he had an experience that changed his life. A man, who appeared insane, wandered into the school, and some of the students harassed and teased him. Others, like Sen, wanted to help him. He told Steele, "I got chatting to the man and it became quite clear he hadn't eaten for about 40 days."
Before this encounter, Sen had lived a protected life, blissfully unaware of the vast degree of suffering and hunger among India's poor, despite the fact that a major famine was decimating the country, leading to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people from starvation. No one in his family was affected by the famine, and he was shocked and upset by it. His grandfather gave Sen a small cigarette tin and said he could fill it with rice and give the rice away, but he could only give away one tinful per family. Sen noted at the time that the effects of the famine depended on social class: only the poor seemed affected, and the wealthier classes had plenty to eat. This memory of widespread death and devastation in the midst of plenty stayed with Sen, and he became preoccupied with issues of poverty and hunger and has continued to be so throughout his career. He later wrote, "Starvation is the characteristic of some people not having enough food to eat. It is not the characteristic of there being not enough food to eat."
Several decades later, in conducting a study of that famine and others in the Sahel, Ethiopia, and China, he noted that the overall production of food in Bengal in 1943, when the famine occurred, was not any lower than production in 1941, when there was no famine. The famine was not caused by a food shortage, but by the fact that the wages paid to poor laborers had not kept up with the rate of inflation, so that poor laborers simply could not afford to buy food even though it was plentiful in the market.
During his teens, Sen received another shock when India's richly diverse culture, made up of many religions and ethnic groups, degenerated into sectarian violence. People began identifying themselves as Hindus, Muslims, or Sikhs, instead of as simply Indian, and killing rampages of one group against another began to occur. One afternoon at Sen's home, a man ran through the gate, bleeding and screaming. Sen's father took him to the hospital. It turned out that the man was a Muslim laborer who had been attacked by Hindus when he began working in a Hindu area in order to make money to buy food for his family. As with the earlier famine, Sen thought deeply about this event, and decided that economic constraints made people vulnerable to serious violations of their rights.
Chose to Become an Economist
By this time, Sen knew that he wanted to follow the path of many members of his family and become an academic. However, he was not sure what he wanted to study, and considered Sanskrit, mathematics, and physics before choosing economics. He attended the Presidency College in Calcutta. At the time, the school was fired up with hot political debates; Sen, like his family, tended to lean toward the left in politics, but, as he told Steele, "I could not develop enough enthusiasm to join any political party." This leeriness of joining any collective group was a trait that would remain with him for his entire life. He was leery of his leftist friends, because although they were committed to egalitarianism, they were not open to new ideas, and were not politically tolerant. He told Steele, "The left didn't take seriously the disastrous lack of democracy in Communist countries." This admiration of democracy remained with him, and he would later point out that no famine had ever occurred in a country with a free press and regular elections.
When Sen was 19, he went to Cambridge, England to study economics at Trinity College. The college was an oasis of tolerance and political diversity, which Sen found refreshing. He felt free to learn from economists as diverse and contradictory as Karl Marx and Adam Smith, as well as many others, without being forced to identify himself as a follower of any one thinker.
In 1960, Sen married Nabaneeta Dev, whom he had met in India. She came to England in 1953, and he proposed to her soon after; they later had two daughters, Antara and Nandana. Antara became a journalist and editor of a literary and political magazine in Delhi, India; Nandana became an actress and film director in New York and Bombay, India.
In 1970, Sen published a groundbreaking book, Collective Choice and Social Welfare, which examined the idea held by free-market economists that there was no point in the government interfering in public welfare, and the idea held by statists, who believed that the government should intervene on behalf of the people. Sen argued that it was not necessary to come up with a perfect solution to problems of social welfare, but that poorer and less-assertive citizens should not be ignored.
Sen had developed cancer of the mouth as an undergraduate, and at the time, had been treated with radiation. In 1971, his doctor told him the cancer had returned, and after a fearful and difficult period, this diagnosis turned out to be wrong. However, Sen went through other problems that year when his wife left him. Her career was taking her on another path, and she was tired of following him to the various university campuses where he taught. In addition, according to Steele, she described him as "a good economist but a bad money manager" and "a clumsy father until the children grew old enough to be his students."
Won Nobel Prize in Economics
Sen had married his second wife, Eva Colorni, an Italian economist, in 1978, but she died of cancer in 1985, leaving him with a ten-year-old daughter, Indrani, and an eight-year-old son, Kabir. Sen needed both a change of scene and more money to support his family, so he left England and went to Harvard University, where he worked on the United Nations' Human Development Index. The Index was intended to counter the World Bank's system of ranking countries by such cold factors as savings rates and gross national product; it used more humanitarian indicators. According to Steele, it has since become "the most authoritative international source of welfare comparisons between countries."
In 1988, Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his work on the economics of famine. As he had noted during his childhood, famine did not necessarily result from a shortage of food, but from the fact that certain classes of people simply could not afford to buy it. Instead of traditional programs that emphasized getting more food to the famine-stricken areas, Sen noted that cash relief or public works programs might be more effective in restoring people's ability to obtain food. As Alejandro Reuss wrote in Dollars and Sense, "Such policies can kick the market into reverse, causing the private food trade to bring food to those in danger, rather than take it away." And Jeffrey Sachs wrote in Time, "In a world in which 1.5 billion people subsist on less than $1 a day, this Nobel Prize can be not just a celebration of a wonderful scholar but also a clarion call to attend to the urgent needs of the poor."
After winning the Nobel Prize, Sen was widely honored in India, and was given the prestigious Bharat Rama ("Jewel of India") prize, India's highest civilian award. In keeping with his personal values, he used his Nobel money to set up a trust fund to pay for initiatives to help the poor in India and Bangladesh. The public response to his new fame was sometimes overwhelming; some people began calling him "the Mother Teresa of Economics," and an Independent writer reported that shortly after receiving the prize, Sen was walking in Santiniketan when a man came up and put a pen in his hand. Sen, thinking the man wanted him to sign a copy of one of his books, asked the man, "Where is the book?" The man replied, "I do not want your autograph, sir. Just touch the pen and bless it, and I am sure my son will pass his exam."
In addition to his famine studies, Sen is also known for his studies of gender inequalities. He noted that even within classes, some groups are more in danger of famine than others. For example, during the early stages of famine, children are usually given more food, but the elderly are often neglected, and adult men receive more food than adult women. Even in times without famine, in much of the world, women and girls had higher mortality rates than men and boys, because they often received less food and medical care. Sen has also been sharply critical of the Indian government for not working harder to eliminate illiteracy or mass poverty among its citizens.
In 1991, Sen married Emma Rothschild, an economic historian. He taught at Trinity College in Cambridge, England as Master for six years. In January 2004, he went back to his previous position at Harvard as Lamont University Professor of Economics and Philosophy. As quoted from the Asia Africa Intelligence Wire Sen said, "I shall still remain a Fellow of Trinity … I intend to continue being active as a member of the Trinity community."
Of Sen's life and work, Steele quoted professor of economics at Oxford Sudhir Anand, who said, "He's very concerned about justice. He's made major contributions not only in measuring poverty but understanding it. To him, poverty is the lack of capability to function, so reducing it is related to positive freedom. What's important to people is to be able to do and be."
Books
Biography Resource Center, Gale Group, 2003.
Debrett's People of Today, Debrett's Peerage, Ltd., 2004.
Periodicals
Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, October 30, 2002.
Dollars and Sense, January-February, 1999.
Europe Intelligence Wire, October 29, 2002.
Guardian (London, England), March 31, 2001.
Independent (London, England), January 24, 1999.
PTI-The Press Trust of India Ltd., December 21, 2003.
Time, October 26, 1988.
Wilson Quarterly, summer, 2001.
| Philosophy Dictionary: Amartya Sen |
Sen, Amartya (1933- ) Nobel-prize winning economist and social theorist. Educated at Presidency College, Calcutta and then at Trinity College Cambridge, Sen used the time of a Junior Research Fellowship to study philosophy, leaving to become Professor of Economics at Delhi from 1963 to 1971. He subsequently taught at the London School of Economics, Oxford, Harvard and many other universities in the United States, before becoming Master of Trinity College from 1998 to 2003. His work on social choice was directed towards enriching the basis on which a social choice function could be defended, in order to circumvent the negative results of Arrow. This work culminated in the capabilities approach to the measurement of social goods or value. Work on more practical problem of measurement and famine also followed, including his study of the 1974 Bangladesh famine that concluded that the root cause of famine was political rather than agricultural. Books include Collective Choice and Social Welfare (1970), Poverty and Famines (1981), Choice, Welfare and Measurement (1982), Resources, Values and Development (1984), Commodities and Capabilities (1985), and Inequality Reexamined (1992).
| Wikipedia: Amartya Sen |
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| Birth | November 3, 1933 Santiniketan, Bengal, British India |
|---|---|
| Nationality | Indian |
| Institution | Harvard University Cornell University Delhi School of Economics Cambridge University Oxford University London School of Economics Princeton University Jadavpur University |
| Field | Welfare economics |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge (Ph.D.) (B.A.) Presidency College, Kolkata (B.A.) Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan (matriculation) |
| Influences | John Rawls |
| Contributions | Human development theory |
| Awards | Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1998) Bharat Ratna (1999) |
| Information at IDEAS/RePEc | |
Amartya Kumar Sen CH (Hon) (Bengali : অমর্ত্য কুমার সেন, Ômorto Kumar Shen) (born 3 November 1933), is an Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics-winning economist. He is known "for his contributions to welfare economics" for his work on famine, human development theory, welfare economics, the underlying mechanisms of poverty, gender inequality, and political liberalism. He is a distinguished economist-philosopher who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in the year 1998 for his work on welfare economics.
From 1998 to 2004 he was Master of Trinity College at Cambridge University, becoming the first Indian academic to head an Oxbridge college. He is also a former honorary president of Oxfam. He is currently the Thomas W. Lamont University Professor and Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University. He is also a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge[1].
Amartya Sen's books have been translated into more than thirty languages. He is a trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. As of 2009 he has received over 80 honorary doctorates.
Contents |
Biography
Personal life
Sen hails from a distinguished landed family from East Bengal (present-day Bangladesh). His maternal grandfather Kshitimohan Sen was a renowned scholar of medieval Indian literature, an authority on the philosophy of Hinduism. He was a close associate of Rabindranath Tagore in Santiniketan. He became the second Vice Chancellor of Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan. His maternal grandfather was an uncle of the first Chief Election Commissioner of India, Sukumar Sen and the Law Minister of India, Ashoke Kumar Sen. Sen's father was Ashutosh Sen and his mother was Amita Sen, who were born at Manikganj, Dhaka. His father taught chemistry at Dhaka University (now in Bangladesh) and later became Chairman of the West Bengal Public Services Commission. Sen's first wife was Nabaneeta Dev Sen, a well known Indian writer and scholar, with whom he had two children: Antara and Nandana. Their marriage broke up shortly after they moved to London in 1971. In 1973, he married his second wife, Eva Colorni, who died from stomach cancer quite suddenly in 1985. They had two children, Indrani and Kabir. His present wife Emma Georgina Rothschild, is an economic historian, an expert on Adam Smith and Fellow of King's College, Cambridge.
Sen brought up his youngest children on his own. Indrani is a journalist in New York, and Kabir teaches music at Shady Hill School in Cambridge, Massachusetts and has produced 3 of his own hip-hop Albums. His eldest daughter Antara Dev Sen is an Indian journalist who, along with her husband Pratik Kanjilal, publishes The Little Magazine. Nandana Sen is a Bollywood actor.
Sen usually spends winter holidays at his home in Shantiniketan in West Bengal, India, where he likes to go on long bike rides, and maintains a house in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he and Emma spend the spring and long vacations. Asked how he relaxes, he replies: "I read a lot and like arguing with people."
Education and career
Sen was born in Santiniketan, West Bengal, the University town established by the poet Rabindranath Tagore, another Indian Nobel Prize winner. His ancestral home was in Wari, Dhaka in modern-day Bangladesh. Rabindranath Tagore is said to have given Amartya Sen his name ("Amartya" meaning "immortal").
Sen began his high-school education at St Gregory's School in Dhaka in 1941, in modern-day Bangladesh. His family migrated to India following partition in 1947. Sen studied in India at the Visva-Bharati University school and Presidency College, Kolkata before moving to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned a First Class (Congratulatory First) BA (Honours) in 1956 and then a Ph.D. in 1959. To Sen, then Cambridge was like a battlefield. There were major debates between supporters of Keynesian economics and the diverse contributions of Keynes’ followers, on the one hand, and the “neo-classical” economists skeptical of Keynes, on the other. Sen was lucky to have close relations with economists on both sides of the divide. Meanwhile, thanks to its good “practice” of democratic and tolerant social choice, Sen’s own college, Trinity College, was an oasis very much removed from the discord. However, because of a lack of enthusiasm for social choice theory whether in Trinity or Cambridge, Sen had to choose a quite different subject for his Ph.D. thesis, after completing his B.A. He submitted his thesis on “the choice of techniques” in 1959 under the supervision of the totally brilliant but vigorously intolerant Joan Robinson.[2][3]
While an undergraduate student of Trinity College he met Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in Cambridge. Mahalanobis, after returning to Calcutta, recommended Sen to Triguna Sen, then the Education Minister of West Bengal. When Sen arrived in India on a two year leave from Cambridge during his second year of doctoral research,Triguna Sen appointed him as Professor and Head of Department of Economics at Jadavpur University, Calcutta, his very first appointment, at the age of 23. Between 1960–1961, he taught at Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a visiting professor.[4]. He has also been a visiting professor at Stanford, Berkeley, and Cornell.
During his tenure at Jadavpur University, he had the good fortune of having the great economic methodologist, A. K. Dasgupta, who was then teaching in Benares, as his supervisor. Subsequently, Sen won a Prize Fellowship at Trinity College, which gave him four years of freedom to do anything he liked, during which he took the radical decision of studying philosophy. That proved to be of immense help to his later research. Sen related the importance of studying philosophy thus: “The broadening of my studies into philosophy was important for me not just because some of my main areas of interest in economics relate quite closely to philosophical disciplines (for example, social choice theory makes intense use of mathematical logic and also draws on moral philosophy, and so does the study of inequality and deprivation), but also because I found philosophical studies very rewarding on their own.”[5]
He has taught economics at Calcutta, Jadavpur University, Delhi School of Economics(where he completed his magnum opus Collective Choice and Social Welfare in 1970)[6], Oxford (where he was first a Professor of Economics at Nuffield College and then the Drummond Professor of Political Economy and a Fellow of All Souls College), London School of Economics, Harvard and was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, between 1998 and 2004.[7] In January 2004 Sen returned to Harvard. He is also a contributor to the Eva Colorni Trust at the former London Guildhall University.
In May 2007, he was appointed as chairman of Nalanda Mentor Group to steer the execution of Nalanda University Project, which seeks to revive the ancient seat of learning at Nalanda, Bihar, India into an international university.
Research
Sen's papers in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped develop the theory of social choice, which first came to prominence in the work by the American economist Kenneth Arrow, who, while working at the RAND Corporation, famously proved that all voting rules, be they majority rule or two thirds-majority or status quo, must inevitably conflict with some basic democratic norm. Sen's contribution to the literature was to show under what conditions Arrow's impossibility theorem would indeed come to pass as well as to extend and enrich the theory of social choice, informed by his interests in history of economic thought and philosophy.
In 1981, Sen published Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981), a book in which he demonstrated that famine occurs not only from a lack of food, but from inequalities built into mechanisms for distributing food. Sen's interest in famine stemmed from personal experience. As a nine-year-old boy, he witnessed the Bengal famine of 1943, in which three million people perished. This staggering loss of life was unnecessary, Sen later concluded. He presents data that there was an adequate food supply in Bengal at the time, but particular groups of people including rural landless labourers and urban service providers like haircutters did not have the monetary means to acquire food as its price rose rapidly due to factors that include British military acquisition, panic buying, hoarding, and price gouging, all connected to the war in the region. In Poverty and Famines, Sen revealed that in many cases of famine, food supplies were not significantly reduced. In Bengal, for example, food production, while down on the previous year, was higher than in previous non-famine years. Thus, Sen points to a number of social and economic factors, such as declining wages, unemployment, rising food prices, and poor food-distribution systems. These issues led to starvation among certain groups in society. His capabilities approach focuses on positive freedom, a person's actual ability to be or do something, rather than on negative freedom approaches, which are common in economics and simply focuses on non-interference. In the Bengal famine, rural laborers' negative freedom to buy food was not affected. However, they still starved because they were not positively free to do anything, they did not have the functioning of nourishment, nor the capability to escape morbidity.
In addition to his important work on the causes of famines, Sen's work in the field of development economics has had considerable influence in the formulation of the Human Development Report, published by the United Nations Development Programme. This annual publication that ranks countries on a variety of economic and social indicators owes much to the contributions by Sen among other social choice theorists in the area of economic measurement of poverty and inequality.
Sen's revolutionary contribution to development economics and social indicators is the concept of 'capability' developed in his article "Equality of What." He argues that governments should be measured against the concrete capabilities of their citizens. This is because top-down development will always trump human rights as long as the definition of terms remains in doubt (is a 'right' something that must be provided or something that simply cannot be taken away?). For instance, in the United States citizens have a hypothetical "right" to vote. To Sen, this concept is fairly empty. In order for citizens to have a capacity to vote, they first must have "functionings." These "functionings" can range from the very broad, such as the availability of education, to the very specific, such as transportation to the polls. Only when such barriers are removed can the citizen truly be said to act out of personal choice. It is up to the individual society to make the list of minimum capabilities guaranteed by that society. For an example of the "capabilities approach" in practice, see Martha Nussbaum's Women and Human Development.
He wrote a controversial article in The New York Review of Books entitled "More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing" (see Missing women of Asia), analyzing the mortality impact of unequal rights between the genders in the developing world, particularly Asia. Other studies, such as one by Emily Oster, have argued that this is an overestimation, though Oster has recanted some of her conclusions.[8]
Sen was seen as a ground-breaker among late twentieth-century economists for his insistence on discussing issues seen as marginal by most economists. He mounted one of the few major challenges to the economic model that posited self-interest as the prime motivating factor of human activity. While his line of thinking remains peripheral, there is no question that his work helped to re-prioritize a significant sector of economists and development workers, even the policies of the United Nations.
Welfare economics seeks to evaluate economic policies in terms of their effects on the well-being of the community. Sen, who devoted his career to such issues, was called the "conscience of his profession." His influential monograph Collective Choice and Social Welfare (1970), which addressed problems related to individual rights (including formulation of the liberal paradox), justice and equity, majority rule, and the availability of information about individual conditions, inspired researchers to turn their attention to issues of basic welfare. Sen devised methods of measuring poverty that yielded useful information for improving economic conditions for the poor. For instance, his theoretical work on inequality provided an explanation for why there are fewer women than men in India and China despite the fact that in the West and in poor but medically unbiased countries, women have lower mortality rates at all ages, live longer, and make a slight majority of the population. Sen claimed that this skewed ratio results from the better health treatment and childhood opportunities afforded boys in those countries, as well as sex-specific abortion.
Governments and international organizations handling food crises were influenced by Sen's work. His views encouraged policy makers to pay attention not only to alleviating immediate suffering but also to finding ways to replace the lost income of the poor, as, for example, through public-works projects, and to maintain stable prices for food. A vigorous defender of political freedom, Sen believed that famines do not occur in functioning democracies because their leaders must be more responsive to the demands of the citizens. In order for economic growth to be achieved, he argued, social reforms, such as improvements in education and public health, must precede economic reform.
Although Sen is a self-proclaimed atheist, he claims that this can be associated with Hinduism as a political entity.[9][10][11][12]
Sen cites Peter Bauer as a major influence on his thinking.
Honours and awards
- He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in welfare economics in 1998.
- He received the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India in 1999.
- In 1999 he received honorary citizenship of Bangladesh from Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in recognition of his achievements in winning the Nobel Prize, and given that his family origins were in what has become the modern state of Bangladesh
- He received the 2000 Leontief Prize for his outstanding contribution to economic theory from the Global Development and Environment Institute.
- In 2002 he received the International Humanist Award from the International Humanist and Ethical Union.
- Eisenhower Medal, for Leadership and Service USA, 2000;
- Companion of Honour, UK, 2000.
- In 2003, he was conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Indian Chamber of Commerce.
- Life Time Achievement award by Bangkok-based United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)
Publications
- The Idea of Justice London: Allen Lane, July 2009.
- Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny (Issues of Our Time), New York, W. W. Norton, 2006.
- The Argumentative Indian, 2005.
- Rationality and Freedom, 2004.
- Inequality Reexamined, 2004.
- Development as Freedom, 1999.
- Freedom, Rationality, and Social Choice: The Arrow Lectures and Other essays, 2000.
- Reason Before Identity, 1999.
- Choice of Techniques, 1960.
- Collective Choice and Social Welfare, 1970, Holden-Day, 1984, Elsevier. Description.
- On Economic Inequality, 1973.
- Poverty and Famines: an Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, 1981.
- Hunger and Public Action, jointly edited with Jean Drèze, 1989
- India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, with Jean Drèze, 1995.
- Commodities and Capabilities, 1999.
- Sen, Amartya, On Economic Inequality, New York, Norton, 1973. (Expanded edition with a substantial annexe by James E. Foster and A. Sen, 1997).
- Sen, Amartya, Poverty and Famines : An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982.
- Sen, Amartya, Choice, Welfare and Measurement, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982.
- Sen, Amartya, Food Economics and Entitlements, Helsinki, Wider Working Paper 1, 1986.
- Sen, Amartya, On Ethics and Economics, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987.
- Drèze, Jean and Sen, Amartya, Hunger and Public Action. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1989.
- Sen, Amartya, "More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing". New York Review of Books, 1990. ([2])
- Sen, Amartya, Inequality Reexamined, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1992.
- Nussbaum, Martha, and Sen, Amartya. The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
- Sen, Amartya, Reason Before Identity (The Romanes Lecture for 1998), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-951389-9
- Sen, Amartya, Development as Freedom, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999. (Review by the Asia Times)
- Sen, Amartya, Rationality and Freedom, Harvard, Harvard Belknap Press, 2002.
- Sen, Amartya, The Argumentative Indian, London: Allen Lane, 2005. (Review by the Guardian, Review by the Washington Post)
- Sen, Amartya, An Aspect of Indian Agriculture, Economic Weekly, Vol. 14, 1962.
- Other Publications on Google Scholar
References
- ^ http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=321
- ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1998/sen-autobio.html
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1998/sen-autobio.html.
- ^ http://www.beijingforum.org/en/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=452
- ^ http://econdse.org/
- ^ The Master of Trinity
- ^ http://papers.nber.org/papers/w13971
- ^ Reported lecture http://www.facinghistory.org/node/246
- ^ Self-proclaimed http://www.chowk.com/show_article.cgi?aid=00005503&channel=gulberg
- ^ World Bank http://info.worldbank.org/etools/BSPAN/PresentationView.asp?EID=354&PID=688
- ^ Press meeting http://www.rediff.com/business/1998/dec/28sen.htm
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amartya Sen |
- Curriculum Vitae
- Autobiography
- Works by or about Amartya Sen in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Encyclopaedia Britannica's Biography - Amartya Sen
- IDEAS/RePEc
- Amartya Sen's articles at the New York review of books
- Amartya Sen: The Possibility of Social Choice (Nobel lecture)
- Indian Personalities - Amartya Sen
- Amartya Sen: Democracy as a Universal Value
- Amartya Sen: Population: Delusion and Reality (1994)
- Amartya Sen: Delusion and Reality (Asian Affairs 2002)
- Amartya Sen: The Standard of Living, PDF at Tanner Lectures
- Amartya Sen: Equality of what?, PDF at Tanner Lectures
- Amartya Sen: Global Justice: Beyond International Equity
- Amartya Sen: Satyajit Ray and the art of Universalism: Our Culture, Their Culture
- Jabberwock: Amartya Sen on identity and choice
- Amartya Sen: India through its Calendars
- A Kerala experience
- Frontline issue on Amartya Sen
- S. P. J. Batterbury and J. L. Fernando: Amartya Sen
- Profile in The Guardian
- Vamsicharan Vakulabharanam, Sripad Motiram: Progressive, but Problematic An Appreciation and Critique of Amartya Sen (Ghadar; May 1, 2000)
- Guido Traversa:The violence of the unique identity A Critical Review of Amartya Sen's 'Identity and Violence'
- Human Development and Capability Association
- International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE)
- Journal of Feminist Economics
- Small Is Bountiful
- Report on Sen's lecture on "comparative justice" at Harvard Law School in the Harvard Law Record
- Interviews
- Interview for Asia Society by Nermeen Shaikh
- Reflections of an economist; Interview by David Barsamian of Alternative Radio
- Interview with Nabaneeta Dev Sen, former wife of Amartya Sen
- Audio
- Amartya Sen discusses his book "Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny", on Thoughtcast
- Interview on IT Conversations
- Immigration and Development, with Amartya Sen, on Open Source (radio show)
- Amartya Sen in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion show The Forum
- What do we want from a Theory of Justice? Stanford Visiting Lecture Speech on iTunes
- Video
| Academic offices | ||
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| Preceded by Sir Michael Atiyah |
Master of Trinity College, Cambridge 1998-2004 |
Succeeded by Sir Martin Rees |
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Related answers
- Which Books are written by Amartya Sen?
- How do you correctly pronounce the Indian name Amartya sen?
- Where is the sens in that?
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Answer these
- Is Amartya Sen an economist?
- Amartya Sen public and private violence?
- Teori sosial pilihan oleh amartya K sen?
Mentioned in
- capabilities (philosophy)
- Nobelity (2006 Culture & Society Film)
- Nandana Sen (Actor, Drama)
- Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (table)
