Amikacin
Drug Info:
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Amikacin
Brand names: Amikin®
Chemical formula:
Amikacin Sulfate Solution for injection
What is this medicine?
AMIKACIN (am i KAY sin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•dehydrated
•hearing problems
•kidney disease
•myasthenia gravis
•Parkinson's disease
•an unusual or allergic reaction to amikacin or other antibiotics, sulfites, foods, dyes or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
This medicine is infused into a vein or injected into a muscle. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting.
If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare and give this medicine. Use exactly as directed. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
It is important that you put your used needles and syringes in a special sharps container. Do not put them in a trash can. If you do not have a sharps container, call your pharmacist or healthcare provider to get one.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
What if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, apply the ointment as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, use only that dose. Do not apply two doses at the same time.What may interact with this medicine?
Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications:
•cidofovir
This medicine may also interact with the following medications:
•amphotericin B
•bacitracin
•cisplatin
•colistin
•diuretics like ethacrynic acid or furosemide
•other antibiotics
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve. You may need to have your blood checked while you are taking this medicine. Report any side effects to your doctor or healthcare professional. Be aware that side effects may occur in the weeks after you finish taking this medicine.
You may get drowsy or dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medicine affects you. Do not stand or sit up quickly, especially if you are an older patient. This reduces the risk of dizzy or fainting spells.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•difficulty breathing
•hearing loss, ringing in the ears
•dizziness, loss of balance
•fever
•less urine
•low blood pressure
•numbness, tingling
•tremor
•unusually weak or tired
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•headache
•joint pains
•nausea, vomiting
•pain, irritation at site of injection
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Where should I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children.
If you are using this medicine at home, you will be instructed on how to store this medicine. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the label. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains any solids.
Last updated: 7/1/2002
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs:
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amikacin
An aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections that are resistant to gentamicin. It is given as an intramuscular or intravenous injection or intravenous infusion and is available on prescription only.
Side effects, precautions, and interactions with other drugs:
see gentamicin.
| ambrisentan, amantadine hydrochloride, alverine citrate | |
| amiloride hydrochloride, aminoacridine hydrochloride, aminobenzoic acid |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Amikacin
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (2S)-4-amino-N-[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-2- [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy- 6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3R, 4S,5R,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy- oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy- butanamide |
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| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Amikin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682661 |
| Pregnancy cat. | D (AU) C (US) |
| Legal status | POM (UK) ℞-only (US) |
| Routes | Intramuscular, intravenous |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 0-11% |
| Half-life | 2-3 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 37517-28-5  |
| ATC code | D06AX12 J01GB06, S01AA21 |
| PubChem | CID 37768 |
| DrugBank | DB00479 |
| ChemSpider | 34635 |
| UNII | 84319SGC3C |
| KEGG | D02543 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:2637 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL177 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C22H43N5O13 |
| Mol. mass | 585.603 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
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Contents
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Medical uses
Amikacin is most often used for treating severe, hospital-acquired infections with multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. Serratia marcescens and Providencia stuartii are also included in the spectrum. Amikacin can also be used to treat non tubercular mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis (if caused by sensitive strains) when first line drugs fail to control the infection.
Amikacin may be combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic for empiric therapy for people with neutropenia and fever.
Liposomal amikacin for inhalation is currently in late stage clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis[1], Pseudomonas aeruginosa[2], non tubercular mycobacterial infections[3] and bronchiectasis.[4][5]
Adverse effects
Side effects of amikacin are similar to other aminoglycosides. Kidney damage and hearing loss are the most important effects. Because of this potential, blood levels of the drug and markers of kidney function (creatinine) may be monitored. Moreover, doses are adjusted specifically based upon serum Creatinine clearance in clinical settings.[citation needed]
Administration
Amikacin may be administered once or twice a day but must be given by the intravenous or intramuscular route. There is no oral form available as amikacin is not absorbed orally. In people with kidney failure, dosage must be adjusted according to the creatinine clearance, usually by reducing the dosing frequency.
Resistance
Amikacin has high resistance against bacterial inactivation. It resists attacks by most bacterial inactivating enzymes, this is accomplished by the L-hydroxyaminobuteroyl amide (L-HABA) moiety attached to N-3 which inhibits acetylation, phosphorylation and adenylation in the distant amino sugar ring (C-2,C-3,C-4). To prevent the development of bacterial resistance to this extremely powerful antibiotic, its use is tightly regulated.
References
- ^ "Randomized, open-label, active-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Arikace™ in Cystic Fibrosis patients with chronic infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa" is a European Phase III clinical trial, being conducted across multiple sites in the EU, starting at the Royal Brompton Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, in London. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2011-000441-20/GB
- ^ http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01315678
- ^ "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Liposomal Amikacin for Inhalation (Arikace™) in Patients With Recalcitrant Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease" is a Phase II clinical trial in collaboration with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01315236
- ^ "A Placebo Controlled, Randomized, Parallel Cohort, Safety And Tolerability Study Of 2 Dose Levels Of Liposomal Amikacin For Inhalation (Arikace™) In Patients With Bronchiectasis Complicated By Chronic Infection Due To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa" Phase II (completed). http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00775138
- ^ "A Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Arikace™ Versus Placebo in Patients Who Have Bronchiectasis" is a Phase II clinical trial (as [4]) completed in the UK. http://www.ukctg.nihr.ac.uk/trialdetails/NCT00775138
- Edson RS, Terrell CL. The aminoglycosides. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999 May;74(5):519-28. Review. PMID 10319086
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Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs
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