aminophylline

Aminophylline

Systematic (IUPAC) name
1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione; ethane-1,2-diamine
Identifiers
CAS number	317-34-0
ATC code	R03DA05
PubChem	9433
DrugBank	APRD00329
ChemSpider	9062
Chemical data
Formula	C16H24N10O4
Mol. mass	420.427 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Protein binding	60%
Metabolism	?
Half life	7-9 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	P(UK)
Routes	oral, i.v.
Y(what is this?)  (verify)

Aminophylline is a bronchodilator. It is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the animophylline is usually found as a dihydrate^[1]

Properties

It is more soluble in water than theophylline. White or slightly yellowish granules or powder, having a slight ammoniacal odor and a bitter taste. Upon exposure to air, it gradually loses ethylenediamine and absorbs carbon dioxide with the liberation of free theophylline. Its solutions are alkaline. One g dissolves in 25 mL of water to give a clear solution; 1 g dissolved in 5 mL of water crystallizes upon standing, but redissolves when a small amount of ethylenediamine is added. Insoluble in alcohol and in ether.

Mechanism of action

Like other methylated xanthine derivatives, aminophylline is both a

1. competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor ^[2] which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF-alpha ^{[3] [4]} and leukotriene ^[5] synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity ^[5] and
2. nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist ^[6].

Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Causes bronchodilatation, diuresis, CNS and cardiac stimulation, and gastric acid secretion by blocking phosphodiesterase which increases tissue concentrations of cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) which in turn promotes catecholamine stimulation of lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis and induces release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla cells

Other uses

Aminophylline has shown some promise as a bodyfat reducer when used as a topical cream (sometimes referred to as "cutting gel"). ^[7] Aminophylline is also a treatment option for anaphylactic shock. ^[8]

Brand names

• Phyllocontin
• Truphylline
• Minomal R 175mg tab
• Minomal R 350mg tab
• Minomal SR 600mg tab

References