Amos Oz

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Gifted Israeli author, Amos Oz (born 1939), achieved international regard as a novelist and short story writer, as well as the author of political nonfiction.

Born in 1939 to well-read parents who had emigrated from Europe several years earlier, Amos Oz grew up in a working-class neighborhood of Jerusalem. He received his primary education in a modern religious school. Oz was eight years old when Israel was became an independent nation. When he was 12, his mother committed suicide. Three years later, he left his home, at the age of 15, and joined a kibbutz (collective farm) near Tel Aviv. It was at this young age that Oz replaced his family surname, Klausner, with one of his own making: the Hebrew word for strength, "Oz." As a young adult, he studied at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, where he specialized in literature and philosophy. By the mid-1970s Oz was married with two daughters, living and working on the kibbutz while continuing his fictional and non-fictional writing.

Early Works Receive Critical Acclaim

Oz began publishing short stories in the early 1960s. These were included in his first collection of stories, Where the Jackals Howl, which received immediate critical acclaim. In this collection Oz revealed himself as a master craftsman, one who probes the emotional depths of his characters.

Although the collective physical and social structure of the kibbutz are well defined and drawn in his stories, Oz concentrates mostly on the fate of the individuals, their drives, ambitions, and idiosyncrasies. The dividing line between the normal and the pathological is very narrow in much of Oz's fiction, as in one of his first novels, My Michael.

In Elsewhere, Perhaps and the collection of three stories in the book The Hill of Evil Counsel we encounter Israeli pioneers who are dedicated to the land and to the ideal of building a new productive life. On the other hand, we also find that members of the kibbutz passionately crave to return to their native land, even at the price of abandoning their families. In Elsewhere, Perhaps, the wife of one of the settlers leaves her husband and returns to Germany with her former lover. In The Hill of Evil Counsel, the protagonist escapes with a British admiral, dealing a shocking blow to her family. In both the novel and the three stories, Oz proves himself a keen observer of human nature. He reveals an acute awareness of the turbulent events in the years immediately preceding the establishment of the Israeli state, stressing their impact on the life, ideas, and actions of the characters.

The obsession with time surfaces in Oz's Late Love, whose protagonist, perceives his life-mission as warning of Soviet plans to invade Israel. While formerly he was a fanatical believer in Communism and a devotee of the Soviet system, he now transfers his fixation on Israel.

Delusion is the main force prompting the enigmatic Lord Guillaume de Touron in Crusade, to set out on his journey to conquer Jerusalem. The crusaders veer from acts of cruelty and complete depravity to yearnings for spiritual salvation. The journey ends with death, as Touron realizes that his men were consumed by the evil spirit within themselves. In these stories and his subsequent novel Touch the Water, Touch the Wind, Oz depicts the existential condition of man caught up in the cataclysmic events of World War II, the holocaust and in the highly charged post-war political/social milieu of the Soviet Union and Israel.

The kibbutz is again the setting for Perfect Peace. Here Oz deals with the age-old problem of the clash between generations, the gap between ideals and reality and the need to come to terms with a given social and political order. Personal conflicts are the underlying theme in the novel Black Box. Oz uses the 18th-and early-19th-century epistolatory form to illuminate in the novel the inner lives of the characters and the twists of fate that overtake them.

Peace Without Reconciliation

Although primarily known as an author of fiction, Oz became very politically involved in Israel in the late 1960s, handing out pamphlets that promoted peace with Israel's Arab neighbors. This was not a popular position in Israel at the time, and at one point charges of treason were brought against him. As Christopher Price wrote in the October 20, 1995 New Statesman & Society, Israel's Six-Day war caused Oz to develop "a deep aversion to extremism and fanaticism, which he saw breeding pain and death; and an equally passionate positive belief in compromise. "One never knows whether compromise will work," [Oz] insists, "but it is better than political and religious fanaticism. Political courage involves the ability and the imagination to realize that some causes are worthwhile whether or not the battle is won or lost in the end."

Oz's many essays have covered political topics as well as literary ones. He has written extensively about Israel's Arab and Palestinian conflicts, always advocating a position of peace without reconciliation, i.e. the fighting can stop even while the separate nations remain separate and opposed. First published in 1979 in Hebrew, Under This Blazing Light, a collection of essays from 1962-78, was translated into English and published in 1995. As Stanley Poss wrote in Magill Book Reviews, these essays "reflect on what it means to live in a nation of five million surrounded by 100 million enemies," and can be regarded as variations on Oz's recurring theme, "Wherever there is a clash between right and right, a value higher than right ought to prevail, and this value is life itself."

Oz wrote an autobiography titled Panther in the Basement, published in 1997. Another work, In the Land of Israel (1983), describes nationalism as the curse of mankind. In The Slopes of Lebanon (1989) Oz looks at Israel's invasion of Lebanon and its reluctance to grant Lebanon statehood, writing "If only good and righteous peoples, with a clean record, deserved self-determination, we would have to suspend, starting at midnight tonight, the sovereignty of three-quarters of the nations of the world."

In 1992 Oz was awarded the German Publishers Peace Prize. In his acceptance speech, titled Peace and Love and Compromise and reprinted in the February, 1993, Harper's Magazine, Oz stated "Whenever I find that I agree with myself 100 percent, I don't write a story; I write an angry article telling my government what to do (not that it listens). But if I find more than just one argument in me, more than just one voice, it sometimes happens that the different voices develop into characters and then I know that I am pregnant with a story." This way he has kept his expressly political writing separate from his works of fiction.

Author of Irony and Compassion

Throughout his career Oz's fiction has been noted for its compassion, humanism and insight into human nature, as well as for its occasional fantasia and irony. Unto Death (1975), Touch the Water, Touch the Wind (1974), Elsewhere, Perhaps (1973), and The Hill of Evil Counsel (1978) each carry the complexity of Oz's themes, style, and form. Oz also tends to explore the dark side of life, exposing human follies and anguish, often in a farcical, grotesque fashion. But Oz's novels are also imbued with humanistic concerns despite the sardonic stance. His humanism pervades all his writings, including his topical essays and critical works, as in his series of Israeli interviews In the Land of Israel.

Although fluent in English, Oz has always written in Hebrew. E. E. Goode in the April 15, 1991 US News & World Report wrote that Oz "sees the Hebrew language as a volcano in action, a fluid tool for exploring the cracks in the dream." By 1993 his various books had been translated into 26 languages, his place in Israeli and world literature secure.

Further Reading

Amos Oz's works in English include My Michael (1972); Elsewhere, Perhaps (1973); Touch the Water, Touch the Wind (1974); the novellas Unto Death, Crusade, and Late Love (1975); The Hill of Evil Counsel (1978); Where the Jackals Howl (1981); In the Land of Israel (1983); and Perfect Peace (1985). Critical reviews include Robert Alter, "New Israeli Fiction," Commentary (June 1969), and Eisig Silberschlag, "From Renaissance to Renaissance II," Hebrew Literature in the Land of Israel 1870-1970 (1977).

Additional Sources

Oz, Amos, To Know a Woman (1991).

Oz, Amos, Israel, Palestine and Peace: Essays (1995).

Balaban, Avraham, Toward Language and Beyond: Language and Reality in the Prose of Amos Oz (1988).

Cohen, Joseph, Voices of Israel: Essays on and Interviews with Yehuda Amichai, A. B. Yehoshua, T. Carmi, Aharon Appelfeld, Amos Oz (1990).

1939 -

Israeli author.

Oz was born Amos Klausner, in Jerusalem. He studied in a religious elementary school and in a secular high school. At the age of thirteen, after the death of his mother, he went to live in kibbutz Hulda, of which he later became a member. He studied literature and philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and taught at the kibbutz high school. Oz left the kibbutz in the 1980s. In 1996 he moved to Arad and began teaching at BenGurion University of the Negev in Beersheba, where he is a full professor and holds the Agnon Chair of Hebrew Literature. He has also been a visiting fellow at Oxford University, an author in residence at the Hebrew University, and, in 1997, a visiting writer at the New York State Writers Institute.

Oz's first short story was published in 1961 and his first collection of short stories, Where the Jackals Howl, in 1965. He has published eighteen books in Hebrew, including novels, novellas, books of short stories, books of essays, one volume of literary criticism, and close to 500 articles and essays in Israeli and international magazines and newspapers, which have been translated into thirty languages.

The kibbutz is the locus of several stories and novels in which Oz examines the relationship between the individual and the collective in modern Israel. The closed society of the commune may be viewed as a human laboratory where national ideals are measured against personal needs and desires. The enemy, often depicted as lurking outside the geographical enclave, proves to be internal, harbored and suppressed within the protagonist.

Closely associated with that time is Oz's study of the family unit, love and loyalty within the family, obsessions, separations, and dissatisfaction. The tension between fathers and sons as representatives of two generations of Israelis, the founders and the followers, is not resolved by oedipal revolt and independence but, rather, by compromise and surrender. This is in line with Oz's political view, which calls for dialogue and the harnessing of violence.

In Black Box (1987), an epistolary novel, a divorced couple is entangled in a passionate concern with their straying teenage son, who is perceived as a possible symbol of Israel's future: The broken family serves as a metaphor for political allegory. In To Know a Woman (1989), the hero is a former intelligence officer who withdraws from public service in order to come to terms with private emotions, a crumbling family, and a need for confronting his femininity, translated as the need for nurturing the self and the need for human compassion. Other works include Israel, Palestine and Peace (1994), Don't Call It Night (1994), Panther in the Basement (1995), and But These Are Two Different Wars (2000). The first chapter of his unfinished memoirs was published in The New Yorker in December 1995.

In 1991 Oz was elected a full member of the Academy of the Hebrew Language. He has received the French Prix Femina, the 1992 Frankfurt Peace Prize, the Brenner Prize, and the Israel Prize. In 1997 he was awarded the French Cross of the Knight of the Légion d'Honneur by President Jacques Chirac. A member of the Peace Now movement since its inception in 1977, Oz frequently appears in the media, voicing his opinions on Palestinian-Israeli relations, the peace process, refusal to serve in the military, and other contemporary political issues.

Bibliography

Balaban, Abraham. Between God and Beast: On Amos Oz. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.

Fuchs, Esther. "Amos Oz: The Lack of Conscience." In Israeli Mythogynies: Women in Contemporary Hebrew Fiction. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987.

Hakak, Lev. Modern Hebrew Literature Made Into Films. Lanham, MD, and Oxford, U.K.: University Press of America, 2001

Mazor, Yair. Somber Lust: The Art of Amos Oz, translated by Marganit Weinberger-Rotman. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.

Negev, Eilat, with introduction by Risa Domb. Close Encounters with Twenty Israeli Writers. London, U.K., and Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003.

— ZVIA GINOR
UPDATED BY ADINA FRIEDMAN

Amos Oz, May 2005

Amos Oz (Hebrew: עמוס עוז‎) (born May 4, 1939, birth name Amos Klausner) is an Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist. He is also a professor of literature at Ben-Gurion University in Be'er Sheva. Since 1967, he has been a prominent advocate and major cultural voice of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Awards and honours 3 Literary career 4 Political views 5 Published works 5.1 Non-fiction 5.2 Fiction 5.3 Short stories 6 References 7 External links 7.1 Articles 8 See also

Biography

Nily Oz and Amos Oz in New York City, September 2008.

Oz was born in Jerusalem, where he grew up at No. 18 Amos Street in the Kerem Avraham neighborhood. Roughly half of his fiction is set within a mile of where he grew up. His parents, Yehuda Arieh Klausner and Fania Mussman were Zionist immigrants from Eastern Europe. His father studied history and literature in Vilnius, Lithuania. In Jerusalem his father was a librarian and writer. His maternal grandfather had owned a mill in Rovno, then Eastern Poland, now Western Ukraine, but moved with his family to Haifa in 1934. Many of Klausner's family members were right-wing Revisionist Zionists. His great uncle Joseph Klausner was the Herut party candidate for the presidency against Chaim Weizmann and was chair of the Hebrew literary society at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He and his family were distant from religion, disdaining what they perceived to be its irrationality. Yet he attended the community religious school Tachkemoni. The alternative was the socialistic school affiliated with the labor movement, to which his family was decidedly opposed in their political values. The noted poet Zelda was one of his teachers. For high school, he attended Gymnasia Rehavia.

His mother committed suicide when he was twelve, causing him repercussions that he would explore in his memoir A Tale of Love and Darkness. He became a Labor Zionist and joined kibbutz Hulda at the age of fifteen. There he was adopted by the Huldai family (whose firstborn son Ron now serves as mayor of Tel Aviv) and lived a full kibbutz life. At this time he changed his surname to "Oz", Hebrew for "strength". "Tel Aviv was not radical enough," he later said, "only the kibbutz was radical enough." However, by his own account he was "a disaster as a laborer... the joke of the kibbutz."^[1] He remained living and working on the kibbutz until he and his wife Nily moved to Arad in 1986 on account of his son Daniel's asthma; however, as his writing career flowered he was allowed to gradually decrease his time devoted to normal kibbutz work: the royalties from his writing produced sufficient income for the kibbutz to justify this. In his own words, he "became a branch of the farm".^[2]

Like most Israeli Jews, he served in the Israeli Defense Forces. In the late 1950s he served in the kibbutz-oriented Nahal unit and was involved in border skirmishes with Syria; during the Six-Day War (1967) he was with a tank unit in Sinai; during the Yom Kippur War (1973) he served in the Golan Heights.^[2] After Nahal, Oz studied philosophy and Hebrew literature at the Hebrew University. Except for some short articles in the kibbutz newsletter and the newspaper Davar, he didn't publish anything until the age of 22, when he began to publish books. His first collection of stories Where the Jackals Howl appeared in 1965. His first novel Elsewhere, Perhaps was published in 1966. He began to write incessantly, publishing an average of one book per year on the Labor Party press, Am Oved. Oz left Am Oved despite his political affiliation. He went to Keter Publishing House because he received an exclusive contract that granted him a fixed monthly salary regardless of frequency of publication. His oldest daughter, Fania Oz-Salzberger, teaches history at Haifa University.

Oz has written 18 books in Hebrew, and about 450 articles and essays. His works have been translated into some 30 languages.^[3][4][5]

Awards and honours

• In 1984, Oz received the Officier des Arts et Lettres in France.^[6]
• In 1986, he was a co-recipient (jointly with Yitzhak Auerbuch-Orpaz) of the Bialik Prize for literature.^[7]
• In 1988, he received the French Prix Femina Etranger.^[6][8]
• In 1992, he was awarded the Frankfurt Peace Prize.^[6][8]
• In 1997, President Jacques Chirac presented him with the Legion d`Honneur.^[6]
• In 1998, he was awarded the Israel Prize, for literature.^[9]
• In 2005, he was awarded the Goethe Prize from the city of Frankfurt, Germany^[6], a prize which was awarded in the past to the likes of Sigmund Freud and Thomas Mann for his life's work.
• In 2006, he received the Jerusalem-Agnon Prize.^[6]
• In 2006, he received the Corine Prize (Germany).^[6]
• In 2007, he was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Literature (Spain).^[6][10]
• In 2007, his book "A Tale of Love and Darkness" was nominated one of the ten most important books since the creation of the State of Israel.^[6]
• In 2008, he received the German President's High Honor Award.^[6]
• In 2008, he was awarded the Primo Levi Prize (Italy).^[6]
• In 2008, he received the Heinrich Heine Prize of Düsseldorf, Germany.^[6][11]
• In 2008, he received an Honorary Degree from the University of Antwerp.
• In 2008, he also received the Dan David prize (Tel Aviv University)^[6], for "Creative Rendering of the Past".

Oz has been considered in recent years one of the serious candidates to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.^[12]

Literary career

Besides his fiction, Oz regularly publishes essays on the subjects of politics, literature, and peace. He has written extensively for the Israeli Labor newspaper Davar and (since the demise of Davar in the 1990s) for Yedioth Ahronoth. In English, his non-fiction has appeared in various places, including the New York Review of Books. Amos Oz is one of the writers whose work literary researchers study from a fundamental approach. At Ben-Gurion University in the Negev a special collection was established dealing with him and his works.

In his works Amos Oz tends to present protagonists in a realistic light with a light ironic touch. His treatment of the subject of the kibbutz in his writings is accompanied by a somewhat critical tone. Oz credits a 1959 translation of American writer Sherwood Anderson’s short story collection Winesburg, Ohio with his decision to “write about what was around me.” In A Tale of Love and Darkness, his memoir of coming of age in the midst of Israel’s violent birth pangs, Oz credits Anderson’s “modest book” with his own realization that "the written world … always revolves around the hand that is writing, wherever it happens to be writing: where you are is the center of the universe." In his 2004 essay "How to Cure a Fanatic" (later the title essay of a 2006 collection), Oz argues that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is not a war of religion or cultures or traditions, but rather a real estate dispute—one that will be resolved not by greater understanding, but by painful compromise.^[13][14]

Political views

Amos Oz is among the most influential and well-regarded intellectuals in Israel. This regard is also evident in the societal realm where he regularly speaks out, although not as frequently as he did in the mid-1990s, when he received even more intense news coverage. Oz's positions are notably dovish in the political sphere and social-democratic in the socio-economic sphere. Oz was one of the first Israelis to advocate a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict after the Six-Day War. He did so in a 1967 article "Land of our Forefathers" in the Labor newspaper Davar. "Even unavoidable occupation is a corrupting occupation," he wrote.^[2] In 1978, he was one of the founders of Peace Now. Unlike some others in the Israeli peace movement, he does not oppose the construction of an Israeli West Bank barrier, but believes that it should be roughly along the Green Line, the pre-1967 border.^[15]

He opposed settlement activity from the very first and was among the first to praise the Oslo Accords and talks with the PLO. In his speeches and essays he frequently attacks the non-Zionist left, to the point of self-abnegation as he says, and always emphasizes his Zionist identity. He is identified by many right-wing observers as the most eloquent spokesperson of the Zionist left. The following two quotes may help encapsulate his views:

Two Palestinian-Israeli wars have erupted in this region. One is the Palestinian nation's war for its freedom from occupation and for its right to independent statehood. Any decent person ought to support this cause. The second war is waged by fanatical Islam, from Iran to Gaza and from Lebanon to Ramallah, to destroy Israel and drive the Jews out of their land. Any decent person ought to abhor this cause." (April 7, 2002)

(Unofficial translation from Hebrew) Our biggest problem is the disappearance of social solidarity. A gross egotism is developing here, that isn't even ashamed of itself. Twenty years ago a girl from Bet Shean said on television "I'm hungry", and the doorposts shook (Isaiah 6:4). Yes, partly it was just lip service, but at least there was lip service. Today, even if she died of hunger on a live broadcast, nothing would happen, apart from high ratings and copywriters using the incident for their purposes. Anyone who once naively thought that the engine of the entrepreneurs and the rich would pull behind it a long train in which the rear cars would also go forward, was mistaken. That didn't happen. The engines are moving, and the rear cars are left behind on the rusting tracks. (September 6, 2002)

For many years Oz was identified with the Israeli Labor Party and was close to its leader Shimon Peres. When Shimon Peres was retiring from the leadership of the party, he is said to have named Oz as one of three possible successors, along with Ehud Barak (later Prime Minister) and Shlomo Ben-Ami (later Barak's foreign minister).^[2] In the 90s Oz withdrew his support from Labor and went left to Meretz, where he had good, close connections with the leader, Shulamit Aloni. In recent years he described the Labor Party as a party that "in my view almost doesn't exist any more". In the elections to the sixteenth Knesset that took place in 2003, Oz appeared in the Meretz television campaign, calling upon the public to vote for Meretz.

In July 2006, Oz supported the Israeli army in its war with Lebanon, writing in the Los Angeles Times "Many times in the past, the Israeli peace movement has criticized Israeli military operations. Not this time. This time, the battle is not over Israeli expansion and colonization. There is no Lebanese territory occupied by Israel. There are no territorial claims from either side… The Israeli peace movement should support Israel's attempt at self-defense, pure and simple, as long as this operation targets mostly Hezbollah and spares, as much as possible, the lives of Lebanese civilians. ^[16][17]

Like fellow Israeli novelists David Grossman and A.B. Yehoshua , Amos Oz changed his position (of unequivocal support for a military act of "self-defense" at the outbreak of the war) in the face of the cabinet's decision at a later stage to expand operations in Lebanon. Grossman put their shared view into words at a press conference as he argued that Israel already exhausted its self-defense right.^[18]

On December 26, 2008, a day before the Israeli offensive into Gaza commenced, Oz signed a statement published as an ad in Yediot Aharonot supporting military action against Hamas in Gaza. Two weeks later in a Yediot Aharonot article he advocated a ceasefire with Hamas and called attention to the harsh conditions there.^[19] He was also quoted in the Italian Corriere della Sera as saying "Hamas is responsible" for the outbreak of violence, but "the time has come to seek a cease-fire." He called for a "complete cease-fire, in which they don't fire at us, in exchange for us easing the blockade of the Gaza Strip."^[20] Oz also condemned some of the actions taken by the Israeli defence forces and called them war crimes.^[21]

Published works

Non-fiction

• In the Land of Israel (essays on political issues) ISBN 015144644X
• Israel, Palestine and Peace: Essays (1995) (Previously published: Whose Holy Land? (1994).)
• Under This Blazing Light (1995) ISBN 0521443679
• Israeli Literature: a Case of Reality Reflecting Fiction (1985) ISBN 0935052127
• The Slopes of Lebanon (1989) ISBN 0151830908
• The Story Begins: Essays on Literature (1999) ISBN 0151002975
• A Tale of Love and Darkness (2003) ISBN 0151008787
• How to Cure a Fanatic (2006) ISBN 9780691126692

Fiction

• Where the Jackals Howl (1965) ISBN 0151960380
• Elsewhere, Perhaps (1966) ISBN 0151837465
• My Michael (1968) ISBN 0394471466
• Unto Death (1971) ISBN 0151930953
• Touch the Water, Touch the Wind (1973) ISBN 0151908737
• The Hill of Evil Counsel (1976) ISBN 070112248X ; ISBN 0151402345
• Soumchi (1978) ISBN 0060246219 ; ISBN 0156001934
• A Perfect Peace (1982) ISBN 015171696X
• Black Box (1987) ISBN 015112888X
• To Know a Woman (1989) ISBN 0701135727 ; ISBN 0151904995
• Fima (1991) ISBN 0151898510
• Don't Call It Night (1994) ISBN 0151001529
• A Panther in the Basement (1995) ISBN 0151002878
• The Same Sea (1999) ISBN 0151005729
• The Silence of Heaven: Agnon’s Fear of God (2000) ISBN 0691036926
• Suddenly in the Depth of the Forest (A Fable for all ages) (2005)
• Rhyming Life and Death (2007) ISBN 978-0701182281

Short stories

• Oz, Amos (8 December 2008). "Waiting". The New Yorker 84 (40): 82–89. http://www.newyorker.com/fiction/features/2008/12/08/081208fi_fiction_oz. Retrieved 22 May 2009. 

References

1. ^ Remnick, David, "The Spirit Level". The New Yorker, November 8, 2004, p.91
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Ibid., p.92
3. ^ "Heirs", a short story published in The New Yorker.
4. ^ Bashan, Tal. "Oz For Change" [Oz Letmurah], Haaretz. September 6, 2002. *Oz, Amos. "An end to Israeli occupation will mean a just war", The Observer. April 7, 2002.
5. ^ Remnick, David, "The Spirit Level". The New Yorker, November 8, 2004, 82-95.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Biography and Bibliography at the Institute for Translation of Hebrew Literature
7. ^ "List of Bialik Prize recipients 1933-2004 (in Hebrew), Tel Aviv Municipality website". http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/_MultimediaServer/Documents/12516738.pdf. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Biography at Jewish Virtual Library
9. ^ "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1998 (in Hebrew)". http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/TashnagTashsab/TASNAG_TASNAT_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashnach. 
10. ^ Akiva Eldar, "Border Control / The Spanish conquest", Haaretz, 30/10/2007
11. ^ "LITERATUR-AUSZEICHNUNG: Amos Oz gewinnt Heine-Preis" (in German). Spiegel Online. 21 June 2008. http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/0,1518,561226,00.html. 
12. ^ [1]
13. ^ Review of A Tale of Love and Darkness from National Review
14. ^ Review of The Slopes of the Volcano, from Azure magazine.
15. ^ Ibid., p. 93
16. ^ Caught in the crossfire; Hezbollah attacks unite Israelis Jul 19, 2006
17. ^ Hezbollah Attacks Unite Israelis July 19, 2006
18. ^ Author David Grossman's son killed - Israel News, Ynetnews
19. ^ Oz, Amos (02.13.08). "Don’t march into Gaza". Yediot Aharonot. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3506185,00.html. Retrieved 7 January 2009. 
20. ^ "Amos Oz: Hamas responsible for outbreak of Gaza violence". haaretz.com. December 30, 2008. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1051017.html. Retrieved 2009-05-04. 
21. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/feb/14/amos-oz-interview

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amos Oz

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Amos Oz

• (English)/(Hebrew) Amos Oz Archive
• Amos Oz is most translated Israeli author
• Sela, Maya (2009-04-08). "Interview / Amos Oz discusses his work as Israel marks his 70th birthday". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1077156.html. Retrieved 2009-04-10. 

Articles

• Free at last
• Defeating the extremists
• Don’t march into Gaza
• Secure ceasefire now

See also

• List of Israel Prize recipients
• List of Bialik Prize recipients

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