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anaphase

 
(ăn'ə-fāz') pronunciation
n.
The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the nuclear spindle.


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a stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move towards opposite poles of the spindle.

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The third stage of division of the nucleus of a cell in either meiosis or mitosis.

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A cell during anaphase.

Anaphase, from the ancient Greek ἀνά (up) and φάσις (stage), is the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.

Anaphase accounts for approximately 1% of the cell cycle's duration. It begins with the regulated triggering of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Metaphase ends with the destruction of cyclin, which is required for the function of metaphase cyclin-dependent kinases (M-Cdks). Anaphase is initiated with the cleavage of securin, a protein that inhibits the protease known as separase. Separase then cleaves cohesin, a protein responsible for holding sister chromatids together.

Basically, in anaphase, the chromosomes split and migrate to opposite poles of the cell. While the chromosomes are drawn to each side of the cell, the non-kineticore spindle fibers push against each other, in a ratcheting action, that stretches the cell into an oval.

Once Anaphase is complete, the cell moves into telophase.

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Related topics:
APC
disjunction
bivalent chromosome (cell and molecular biology)

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