Andros

 

(än'thrôs, ăn'drəs) , island (1991 pop. 8,781), 146 sq mi (378 sq km), SE Greece, in the Aegean Sea, the northernmost and second largest of the Cyclades. Ándros (1991 pop. 1,370) is the capital and chief town. The island produces silk, wine, and fruit and has manganese deposits. Colonized by Athens in the 5th cent. B.C., Ándros rebelled in 410 B.C., became a free state, and later passed successively to Macedon, Pergamum, and Rome. Seized (1204) from the Byzantines by Venice and made a principality, it remained almost entirely under Venetian rule until its conquest (1514) by the Turks. In 1829 it passed to Greece.

Alternative meanings: There is also the Caribbean island Andros, Bahamas as well as Anglo-American historical figure known as Edmund Andros, and a fictional character Andros from the TV series Power Rangers: In Space. Remotec ANDROS is a model of EOD robot.

Andros  (Άνδρος)
Vitali beach
Location
Coordinates	37°50′N 24°56′E / 37.833, 24.933Coordinates: 37°50′N 24°56′E / 37.833, 24.933
Time zone:	EET/EEST ([[UTC+2]]/[[UTC+3|3]])
Elevation (min-max):	-  m (0 - 3261 ft)
Government
Country:	Greece
Periphery:	South Aegean
Prefecture:	Cyclades
Population statistics (as of 2001)
City Proper
- Population:
- Area:[1]	km² ( sq mi)
- Density:	/km² ( /sq mi)
Codes
Postal codes:	845 00
Area codes:	22820
License plate codes:	ΕΜ
Website
andros.gr

Andros, or Andro (Greek: Άνδρος), an island of the Greek archipelago, the most northerly of the Cyclades, approximately 10 km (6 miles) south east of Euboea, and about 3 km (about 2 miles) north of Tinos. It is nearly 40 km (25 miles) long, and its greatest breadth is 16 km 10 miles. Its surface is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. Andros, the capital, on the east coast, contained about 2000 inhabitants in 1900. The island had about 18,000 inhabitants in (1900). The 1991 census read 8,781. According to the latest Greek census of 2001, the town of Andros still contained 1,508 inhabitants, and the island's total was 10,009. The island is comprised of the municipalities of Andros (pop. 4,107), Korthio (pop. 2,547), and Ydrousa (pop. 3,355). Their combined land area is 380.041 km². The largest towns are Ándros, Gávrio, Bátsi, and Órmos Korthíou.

History

The island in ancient times contained an Ionian population. Though originally dependent on Eretria, by the 7th century BC it had become sufficiently prosperous to send out several colonies, to Chalcidice (Acanthus, Stageira, Argilus, Sane). The ruins of Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, are on the west coast; the town possessed a famous temple, dedicated to Dionysus.In 480 BC it supplied ships to Xerxes and was subsequently harried by the Greek fleet. Though enrolled in the Delian League it remained disaffected towards Athens, and in 477 had to be coerced by the establishment of a cleruchy on the island; nevertheless, in 411 Andros proclaimed its freedom, and in 408 withstood an Athenian attack. As a member of the second Delian League it was again controlled by a garrison and an archon. In the Hellenistic period Andros was contended for as a frontier-post by the two naval powers of the Aegean Sea, Macedon and Ptolemaic Egypt. In 333 it received a Macedonian garrison from Antipater; in 308 it was freed by Ptolemy I of Egypt. In the Chremonidean War (266-263) it passed again to Macedon after a battle fought off its shores. In 200 it was captured by a combined Roman, Pergamene and Rhodian fleet, and remained a possession of Pergamum until the dissolution of that kingdom in 133 BC. Before falling under Turkish rule, Andros was from A.D. 1207 till 1566 governed by the families Zeno and Sommariva under Venetian protection. After a few centuries, Cyclades joined the rest of Greece in 1821.

On May 10 1821, Theophilos Kairis, one of the leading intellectuals of the Greek Revolution, declared the War of Independence by raising the Greek flag at the picturesque cliffside church of St George: at this time, a famous heartfelt speech, or "rhetoras", inspired shipowners and merchants to contribute funds to build a Greek Navy to combat the Ottomans.

Andros City

Andros (Chora or Hora, pop. 1,508), the capital of the island, is on a headland between two beaches. It has a mix of post-World War I neoclassical mansions with vernacular Cycladic houses. The town squares are paved with marble. At the end of the headland are two islands, the first linked to the mainland by a brick bridge a ruined Venetian castle and the second a lighthouse. There are four museums: the extensive Archaeological Museum, an exceptional Museum of Modern Art, a Nautical Museum and a Folklore Museum. The island is famous for its Sariza spring at Apoikia where the water comes out of a lionhead.

The north of Andros has a small Arvanite community, and an Arbëresh village in Sicily called Piana degli Albanesi is named 'Hora' in Arbërisht, possibly after the capital of Andros, also called Hora.

City History

Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, built into a steep hillside, and its harbor's breakwater can still be seen underwater.

A credible and extensive source about the history of Andros, can be found in the excellent book of Demetrius Paschalis 'Historia tis Nisou Andros', or in English, 'History of the Island Andros'. The book was first written in 1925 but published multiple times since and numbers over 1000 pages long written in 'Katharevousa' a form of modern Greek with elements of ancient Greek. It is not known if the book has been translated to any other language. The author includes interesting bits of information throughout, like the fact that Andros was a center for the worship of Dionysus and Isis or information on the Venetian families that ruled the island in the 1500s.

Municipalities

Municipality	YPES code	Seat	Postal code	Area code ((0)30-)
Ándros	-	Ándros	845 00	22820-2
Ydrousa	-	Gavrio	845 01	22820-7
Korthio	-	Órmos Korthíou	845 02	22820-6

Communities and settlements

• Aladinon
• Apoikia
• Ammolochos
• Andros (Chora)
• Ano Aprovato
• Ano Gavrio
• Arnas
• Batsi
• Epano Fellos
• Gavrio
• Kalyvari
• Kaparia
• Katakilo
• Kipri
• Kochylos
• Lamira
• Livadia
• Makrotantalo
• Mesaria
• Ormos Korthiou
• Palaiokastro
• Palaiopolis
• Piso Meria
• Pitrofos
• Sineti
• Stenies
• Varidio
• Vitalio
• Vouni
• Vourkoti
• Ypsilou

Notes

• "Large Bronze Age Town Unearthed On Andros." New York, N.Y.: Hellenic Times. Sep 2- 30, 2005. Vol. XXXII, Iss. 11; pg. 2. ISSN 1059-2121 (link)
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article "Andros", a publication now in the public domain.

References

External links

• Official website of Municipality of Ándros (English) (Greek)
• Official website of Municipality of Korthío (English) (Greek)
• Official website of Municipality of Ydroúsa (English) (Greek)
• Richard Stillwell, ed. Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, 1976: "Andros, one of the Cyclades, Greece"

Municipalities and Communities of the Cyclades Prefecture
Municipalities	Amorgos • Andros • Ano Syros • Drymalia • Ermoupoli • Exomvourgo • Ios • Kea • Korthio • Kythnos • Milos • Mykonos • Naxos • Paros • Poseidonia • Santorini • Serifos • Sifnos • Tinos • Ydrousa
Communities	Anafi • Antiparos • Donousa • Folegandros • Irakleia • Kimolos • Koufonisi • Oia • Panormos • Schoinoussa • Sikinos

Articles on the Aegean Sea
General
Countries	Greece •  Turkey
Other	Aegean civilization • Aegean Islands • Aegean dispute
Aegean islands
The Cyclades	Amorgos • Anafi • Andros • Antiparos • Delos • Folegandros • Ios • Kea • Kimolos • Koufonisi • Kythnos • Milos • Mykonos • Naxos • Paros • Santorini • Serifos • Sifnos • Sikinos • Syros • Tinos
The Dodecanese	Agathonisi • Arkoi • Armathia • Alimia • Astakida • Astypalia • Chamili • Gaidaros • Gyali • Halki • Kalolimnos • Kalymnos • Kandelioussa • Karpathos • Kasos • Kastellorizo • Kos • Leros • Lipsi • Nisyros • Patmos • Pacheia • Platy • Pserimos • Rho • Rhodes • Saria • Strongili • Symi • Syrna • Telendos • Tilos • Zafora
The North Aegean	Chios • Chryse • Cynda • Icaria • Imbros • Lemnos • Lesbos • Psara •Samos • Samothrace • Tenedos • Thasos
The Saronic	Aegina • Angistri • Dokos • Hydra • Poros • Salamis • Spetses
The Sporades	Adelfoi Islets • Agios Georgios Skopelou • Alonissos • Argos Skiathou • Dasia • Erinia • Gioura • Grammeza • Kyra Panagia • Lekhoussa • Peristera • Piperi • Psathoura • Repio • Rineia Skyrou • Sarakino • Skandili • Skantzoura • Skiathos • Skopelos • Skyropoula • Skyros • Tsougria • Valaxa
Other	Crete • Dia • Euboea • Gavdos

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