It is tough to say which are the two main ones.. There are
random birth defects as well as those that are caused by something
the mother and even father did before birth. In other words,
something that happened during the pregnancy. Remember that the
first few weeks are extremely important, and often that is the time
where the woman does not even know if she is pregnant yet. A heart
is beating by the time she finds out!
Obviously, alcohol and smoking anything can have adverse affects
such as fetal alcohol syndrome. Any use of other drugs legal and
illegal can obviously have a big impact. But our society and media,
bought by the large pharmaceutical companies, keeps most women in
the dark about how steroids (aka "birth control") also cause
countless birth defects in the first few weeks of pregnancy -
especially to male babies in utero..
: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7333 : This is the
reason that prostate cancer rates have skyrocketed since the pill
arrived in 1960. A deformed prostate is not visible at birth, but
can still cause prostate cancer in men decades later. these are the
fact the the big pharmaceutical companies are desperate to keep
women from knowing. They also don't want you to know about the
decimated and deformed male fish populations downstream of water
treatment plants due to even microscopic amounts of female
steroids. : So, steroids like the pill, patches, IUD, and ring can
give you breast cancer and your male child prostate cancer - even
if you get off them as soon as you know you're pregnant. The sad
fact is, it is often too late. The damage has already been done. :
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/112/1/73
A huge second source of birth defects are all the premature
births needlessly caused because of a woman's previous
abortion:
http://www.jpands.org/vol8no2/rooney.pdf
And, naturally, children born to early due his or her mother's
compromised cervix and/or damaged uterus suffer from any number of
birth defects as a result - the most common apparently being
cerebral palsy.
These are the facts that big pharma and planned parenthood are
doing their level best to keep everyone in the dark about, since
these facts would not be good for their profits.