Anthony Dymoke Powell, CH (December 21, 1905 - March 28,
2000) was a British novelist best known for his A Dance to the Music of Time duodecalogy published
between 1951 and 1975. According to his memoirs, Powell rhymes
with pole (not towel).
Powell was regarded by such writers as Evelyn Waugh and Kingsley Amis as amongst the greatest British novelists of the 20th century, and has been called the
English equivalent of Marcel Proust[1]. Powell's work remains in print continuously, and has been the subject of TV and radio
dramatisations.
Childhood
Born in Westminster, England, to Philip Powell and Maud
(née Wells-Dymoke). His father was an officer in the Welch Regiment, though by
happenstance rather than from pride in his rather distant Welsh lineage. His mother came from a land-owning family in
Lincolnshire with pretensions, though no incontrovertible claim, to aristocratic
descent.
When Powell was two his father was posted as adjutant to the Kensington Regiment, a London
battalion of the Territorial Army. (The practice was to appoint a regular officer in
the rank of captain, not usually one of the rising stars, to provide the core of a regiment whose other members, including the
Commanding Officer, were civilian volunteers or reservists who attended 'drill nights' and an annual camp).
His father's posting lasted six years, so Powell's early childhood was spent in a flat in Kensington, overlooking the Gardens, where he often played. In 1913 his father rejoined his regiment at
Aldershot, where the family moved into Stonehurst, a large, furnished bungalow on top of a
hill.
On the outbreak of war in August, 1914, the regiment went to France and was heavily engaged in
the early fighting. Mother and son moved to a succession of temporary accommodations in London. Powell attended Gibbs's pre-prep
day-school at the Square end of Sloane Street for a short time. He was then sent to a boarding school in Kent, called The New
Beacon, near Sevenoaks and popular with military families. He was unhappy there but made a friend of a fellow pupil, Henry Yorke,
later to become known as the novelist Henry Green. In early 1919 Powell passed the
Common Entrance Examination for Eton where he started that autumn.
Youth
Powell's career at Eton was marked by what he recalled as "well-deserved obscurity" in
"the worst house in the school". He felt no enthusiasm for the games that brought popularity and prestige. His housemaster's
reports over the years commented on his growing reserve and moodiness. (Powell later argued that this made too much of his lack
of bonhomie; he had easy relationships with people he liked.)
He came to spend a lot of his spare time at the Studio, where a sympathetic art-master encouraged him to develop his talent as
a draughtsman and his interest in the visual arts. In 1922 he became a founder-member of the
Eton Society of Arts. The Society's members produced an occasional magazine called The Eton Candle, and Powell was
represented by "a not very interesting drawing" published under the title (not chosen by Powell) of Colonel Caesar Cannonbrains
of the Black Hussars. In the examinations during his final year Powell was graded 9th in the school and 3rd oppidan (i.e.
excluding the notably gifted boys who were grouped together in College), "a laurel of reasonable distinction".
Powell went up to Balliol College at the University of Oxford to read history in the autumn of 1923. He was still three months short of his
eighteenth birthday. He later said that he experienced a loss of intellectual vitality rather than stimulation from his new
environmement. Shortly after his arrival he was introduced to the Hypocrites Club, originally founded as an undergraduate discussion group but by now progressed to be a lively and bibulous gathering that
did not attract the aesthetes, the hearties or the conspicuously well-behaved.
Away from the Hypocrites he came to know Maurice Bowra, then a young don at
Wadham College and enjoyed his company, without subscribing to his article of
faith that Oxford was the centre of the civilised world. During his third year Powell lived out of college, sharing digs with
Henry Yorke. Powell travelled on the Continent during his holidays and in Paris, in December,
1925, in his twenty-first year, lost his virginity to Lulu, of whom little is known, not even, alas, the bare details.
Powell had worked hard, expected a second-class degree, hoped for a first but, in the event, was awarded a third.
Early adult life
Powell came to work in London in the autumn of 1926. He rented rooms at 9 Shepherd Street, Shepherd Market, a small, rather
seedy enclave tucked away among the grand houses of Mayfair. He was employed in a form of
apprenticeship at the publishers, Duckworth and Company in Covent Garden, under an
arrangement negotiated with a friend of his father's, Tom Balston, who was a director there.
One strand of his social life developed around attendance at formal debutante dances in white tie and tails at houses in
Mayfair or Belgravia. Without telling his friends he joined a
Territorial Regiment in a South London suburb and for two or three evenings a week dined in mess,
then spent a couple of hours under instruction in the riding school.
He renewed acquaintance with Evelyn Waugh, whom he had known at Oxford and was a
frequent guest for Sunday supper at Waugh's parents' house, between Hampstead and
Golders Green. Waugh introduced him to the Gargoyle Club,
upstairs in an alley off Dean Street, Soho, which gave him a foothold in London's Bohemia.
He came to know the painters Nina Hamnett and Adrian Daintrey, who were neighbours in
Fitzrovia, and he was soon to meet the composer Constant
Lambert, who remained a close friend until Lambert's death in 1951.
In 1929 he moved from Shepherd Market to a flat at 33 Tavistock Square in
Bloomsbury.
Powell in the 1930s
Powell's first novel, Afternoon Men, was published by Duckworth’s in 1931, with
Powell supervising its production himself. A second novel, Venusberg, also
published by Duckworth’s, followed in 1932.
Shortly after its appearance Powell’s own position at the firm changed. The original agreement had provided that in 1929, by
which time Powell would have had three years to learn the ropes, his father would invest a capital sum to buy Powell a
directorship. When the time came, Powell’s father refused to proceed with this arrangement and Powell became a simple employee of
the firm. In 1932, Balston told Powell that, with hard times threatening in the publishing world, he could either continue to
work full-time at a reduced salary, with no guaranteed future, or he could take a bigger cut and work mornings only. Powell chose
the latter. In 1934 Balston was himself ousted from the firm for unrelated reasons.
Powell’s third novel, From a View to a Death, was published in 1934.
Prior to its appearance he had moved again, within Bloomsbury, to 26 Brunswick Square. E. M. Forster occupied the flat below him,
though the two contrived to avoid making one another’s acquaintance.
All three of Powell’s novels had been favourably noticed in the London literary world, without selling more than two- or
three-thousand copies. His next published work was a contribution to a symposium in which various authors wrote about their
school days. The book was the brain-child of Graham Greene, who had been a contemporary,
though not a friend of Powell’s, at Balliol. Powell’s recollections of
Eton appeared under the title of The Wat’ry Glade.
In the spring of 1934 Powell was invited by telephone to a party given by Lady Pansy Lamb, wife of the painter Henry Lamb and
the eldest sister of Powell’s future wife. He bumped into a second married sister again a few weeks later and with some
hesitation accepted her invitation to spend his fortnight’s summer holiday at the family castle in Ireland. Only during the second week of his stay did he get closely acquainted with a third sister,
Lady Violet Pakenham. Things then moved quickly. Powell proposed at the end of
September, and on 1 December 1934 they were married at All Saints, Ennismore Gardens,
Knightsbridge. They spent their honeymoon in Greece before
returning for a short period to Brunswick Square (where E. M. Forster was quick to make a surreptitious inspection of the new arrival), then moving, still (just)
within Bloomsbury, to a flat on the top two floors of 47 Great Ormond Street.
Powell, who had very few relations of his own, had married into a large, diverse and talented family. Life was also changing
in other respects. Powell was unsympathetic to the popular-front, Leftist commitment that was asserting itself in literary and
critical circles, and a holiday trip to the Soviet Union in 1936 did not change his
attitude. His fourth novel, Agents and Patients, (published by Duckworth’s in
1936, the last to appear under their imprint), remained as politically uncommitted as his earlier work.
In the autumn of that year he left Duckworth’s and took a job as a script writer at the Warner
Brothers Studio in Teddington. The job paid well, but involved long hours and a
difficult journey as well as much drudgery under virtually industrial discipline. With a team of others, he laboured to produce
material that could be turned into a cheap film for the Quota. The Quota was a device intended by
the Government to protect the British film industry, by requiring cinemas to show a proportionate footage of British-made film
for every one of the (more popular) foreign films they put on. Warner Brothers, an American
company, set up their Teddington studios to ensure that they reaped some of the benefit,
though without any intention of switching major productions or potential hits away from Hollywood. (A number of cinemas met their obligations by opening at breakfast time,
so that charwomen, after finishing their office-cleaning, could rest and watch a film at virtually no expense.) After six months
of fruitless labour, Powell’s contract expired and was not renewed.
The approach of war
With money saved from his work for Warner Brothers, Powell and his wife moved home
again, buying a lease of 1 Chester Gate in Regent's Park, which they were to own for
seventeen years. Powell heard of possible further employment in the film industry, this time in Hollywood where, it was reported,
A Yank at Oxford was about to be commissioned. The Powells set out for Hollywood on the understanding that a job was
likely to be negotiable once on the spot. In the event, a series of inconclusive interviews led to no offer, either on that film
or any other. Through a mutual acquaintance the Powells met F. Scott Fitzgerald over
lunch in the commissary at MGM, where Fitzgerald was working. The Powells returned
to London in August, 1937.
It was by now clear that the threat of war was growing. Powell got his name accepted on to the register of the Army Officers
Emergency Reserve. He had no immediate ideas for his next book, but found work reviewing novels for The Daily Telegraph and memoirs and autobiographies for The
Spectator. During his time in California Powell had contributed a couple of
articles to the magazine Night and Day, which had recently been founded to provide a London equivalent of
The New Yorker. Powell wrote a few more occasional pieces for them until, in March
1938, a libel case over a review by Graham Greene of a Shirley Temple film put paid to the publication.
Powell eventually began work on his fifth novel, What's Become of
Waring, which he completed in late 1938 or early the following year and offered to Duckworth’s. They refused to pay
the advance requested, but Cassell’s were more obliging and brought it out – the only one of his books to be published by them –
in March 1939. At this time international tensions were running high, and the book sold fewer than a thousand copies.
The expectation as war approached was that London would be immediately subjected to heavy
bombing. Officers on the Emergency Reserve also assumed that they would be called up at an early date. The day war was declared
Lady Violet Powell received confirmation that she was again pregnant, having suffered two earlier miscarriages. She retired to
stay with relatives in Carmarthenshire until a safe delivery was achieved. For three
months Powell remained alone and uncalled at Chester Gate. He was then instructed to report for regimental duty on December 11,
in the rank of Second Lieutenant, to the 1/5th Battalion of the Welch Regiment at
Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire. The journey, he
later recalled, “led not only into a new life, but entirely out of an old one, to which there was no return. Nothing was ever the
same again”.
Early war years
The war years were important to Powell as a writer. During the months leading up to the outbreak of war he had realised that
the inner calm necessary for creative writing, unattainable in the existing state of tension, would be even more so once the war
started. He had accordingly begun to assemble material for a biography of John Aubrey, the
writing of which, he reckoned, would be more feasible in that it would require application rather than invention.
Once war came his determination to get into the army and to work hard in whatever posting he found himself ensured that long
hours and physical fatigue put paid to any thought of writing extensively. From time to time he was able to read background
material relevant to Aubrey, much of it heavy going but providing distraction from current
worries and discomforts. The writing of the biography had to await his return to civilian life.
Powell himself came to believe that the enforced lay-off from novel writing was not without value to him. War service
certainly provided him with a wealth of material for subsequent use. Three volumes of A Dance to the Music of Time are devoted to the war years: The Valley of Bones, The Soldier's Art, and
The Military Philosophers. Powell’s military service provided a
framework for these three novels.
Powell joined his regiment as a second-lieutenant at the age of 34, more than ten years older than most of his fellow
subalterns and next in age to the Battalion’s Second-in-Command. His previous military experience comprised his days in the
Army Cadet Force at Eton and a spell as a
Territorial officer in a South London Artillery regiment more than a decade earlier. Quite apart from the inadequacy of this
preparation, a great deal had changed in weaponry, drill and procedure.
Powell had joined a Territorial battalion of his father’s old Regiment, but without his father’s assistance. It was Powell’s
acquaintance with an officer who administered the Army Officers Emergency Reserve List that did the trick. The acquaintance arose
because the officer's wife was boarding the Powells’ cats. He somewhat tactlessly expressed surprise at Powell’s asking for a
“funny outfit” like the Welch, where there was little competition for commissions.
The 1/5th Battalion of the Welch Regiment, referred to as the First-Fifth, owed its
peculiar numbering to an esoteric practice favoured by the Army to preserve the links between regiments and the localities they
recruited from. In 1938 the 5th (Glamorgan) Battalion had expanded and split into two battalions, re-labelled the First-Fifth and
the Second Fifth. Local connections within the Battalion were reinforced at Company level, each of the four Companies of the
1/5th having been recruited from its own Glamorgan mining valley. Many of the NCO’s and Other
Ranks were serving alongside relations, in-laws or fellow-workers from the mine, where the peace-time hierarchy might be quite
different from that imposed by military rank.
A number of the second-lieutenants, aged from 19 to 23, had been commissioned from the ranks a few months earlier. The
Commanding Officer was a solicitor in civilian life. Many of the other officers worked in Cardiff banks. This close-knit community took pains to welcome Powell, who began a period of intensive learning
on the job as he led troops on a church parade, commanded them on field exercises and mastered the techniques of military
administration at platoon level. All this was made easier at this early stage of the war, when the relaxed and friendly
atmosphere of a peace-time Territorial camp still set the tone, but Powell’s application and success in adapting to his new
circumstances should not be underrated.
Just before Christmas, 1939, the 53rd (Welsh) Division, of which Powell’s unit
formed part was ordered to Northern Ireland, the 1/5th ending up in Portadown. In February 1940 he was sent on a course to Aldershot intended
to bring newly commissioned officers up to scratch. On his return Powell found that his Commanding Officer (who had been in poor
health) had been replaced by a Regular officer, who had served as a younger contemporary of Powell’s father. The battalion was
moved closer to the Irish border to Newry and the new C.O. began the process of gingering up the
Battalion, removing older or less efficient officers (a process that Powell survived), and promoting the young and promising.
Powell learned in April 1940 of the birth of his first son, Tristram, and was given leave to see his wife and baby. On his
return his company was sent on detachment to the Divisional Tactical School to provide security and a demonstration platoon. The
School was in Gosford Castle,County Armagh, an
abandoned neo-Gothic pile whose appearance was well captured, sight unseen,
by Osbert Lancaster in his cover drawing for the Penguin paperback edition of The Valley of Bones.
Later that summer Powell left the battalion after seven months with them on posting to Headquarters 53rd Division, located in Belfast, as assistant Camp Commandant,
“one of the least distinguished jobs in the army” which, because of the incumbent’s proximity to the Divisional Commander,
required a man “less than utterly uncouth in habits”. One of the duties of the post was to command the Defence Platoon that
protected the Divisional Commander’s HQ in the field. This required its commander to mess with the General and the Division’s
senior officers.
Lady Violet, with the infant Tristram, was by now living in Sussex, a less than ideal location
as the Battle of Britain raged in the skies overhead. Powell arranged for them to move
to Belfast, which had until then been free of air-raids, though this was to change almost immediately.
In January 1941, a War Office telegram arrived ordering Powell to attend a
Politico-Military Course at Cambridge. Powell never established how this came about and he
himself had made no attempt to escape from the lowly job to which he had been consigned. Twenty officers attended the course,
which lasted eight weeks and was designed to produce a nucleus of officers to deal with the problems of military government after
the Allies had defeated the Axis powers. This, given the military realities of the time, six months after the withdrawal from
Dunkirk, can only be regarded as contingency planning to the n'th degree.
The report on Powell at the end of the course noted that he was “Able, but with no very obvious qualifications”. Despite the
luke-warmth of this recommendation, the course director recommended that he should transfer to the Intelligence Corps. While the transfer wound its way through the administrative machine, Powell
returned to 53 Division HQ, by now located at Castlewellan in County Down.
Whitehall service
On transfer, Powell, who had completed eighteen months commissioned service and been promoted Lieutenant, spent six weeks on a
War Intelligence course at Matlock in Derbyshire, followed by several weeks at the Intelligence Corps
depot at Oxford. He was then posted on probation to the War
Office in Whitehall, where he was attached to the section known as Military
Intelligence (Liaison). This section was concerned with routine official contacts with Allied and Neutral Military Attachés in
London, not at all with covert or clandestine operations. It comprised nine or ten officers under
the command of a Lieutenant Colonel. After some weeks of miscellaneous jobs, Powell was taken onto the permanent staff on acting
promotion to Captain, as assistant to the officer dealing with the Poles.
Lady Violet and Tristram had moved back from Northern Ireland to Shoreham in Sussex, which lay beneath the main flight path for bombing
raids on London and, from June 1944, a busy corridor for the V-1 flying bombs. Powell
was living in a one-bedroom flat in Chelsea, dining most evenings in a near-by pub then
retiring immediately to bed (often to read more Aubrey material).
In March 1943, to Powell’s surprise, he was summoned to cross Whitehall to the
Cabinet Office, located in the subterranean levels of Government Offices, Great George
Street, to serve on the Secretariat of the Joint Intelligence Committee. The transfer involved acting promotion to Major. The
move had been initiated by a man called Denis Capel-Dunn, a barrister in civilian life who had risen rapidly in the hierarchy of
wartime military bureaucracy to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and the appointment of Secretary of the JIC. Powell had met him
with a mutual friend on two or three occasions and had not greatly taken to him. He would become the principal source for
Powell's most celebrated character, Kenneth Widmerpool.
Powell was thrown into a testing job in a high-powered organisation at the centre of the strategic war effort with no
preparation and little support. After nine weeks his appointment was terminated, Powell reverting to his substantive rank of
Lieutenant. (Capel-Dunn, whose war service had not taken him within range of the enemy, died when the plane bringing him back
from the signing of the UN Charter in June 1945 went down in the Atlantic.)
Powell’s former section, Military Intelligence (Liaison), in the War Office, welcomed him back, enabling him to reassume his
acting captaincy. He was given responsibility for dealings with the Czechs. The Belgians and Luxembourgers were added to his
portfolio in due course and, later still, the French. With the growth of responsibilities he again became an acting major.
In November 1944, by which time Allied forces had just crossed the German frontier, Powell acted as assistant escorting
officer to a group of fourteen Allied military attachés taken to France and Belgium to see something of the campaign. The tour
included a night at Cabourg, which Powell failed at the time to recognise as Proust’s Balbec. (Most of the attachés, though not Powell himself, stayed in The Grand Hotel, whose varied
delights had enchanted the young Marcel in the early years of the century.) Later the party visited 21st Army Group Main Headquarters and was received by Field-Marshal Bernard Montgomery. These events are depicted in fictional form
in The Military Philosophers.
In the last months of the war Powell and his family moved back into 1 Chester Gate, various friends or colleagues lodging with
them from time to time. Powell celebrated VE Night lying in bed and reading the Cambridge History of English Literature.
On 19 August 1945, he attended in official capacity the Thanksgiving Service held at St. Paul’s Cathedral. In September 1945, he began the three months' demobilisation leave that
brought his military career to an end.
Post War Years
Powell was 39 when the war ended and was about to begin some remarkably productive years as a creative writer and reviewer (to
say nothing of his pursuit of genealogical interests, which involved much detailed research into original and obscure
sources).
His first task was to resume work on Aubrey. The manuscript of John Aubrey and His
Friends was completed in May, 1946. Powell offered it to the Oxford
University Press but, unimpressed by the advance they proposed, took it to Eyre & Spottiswoode, where Graham Greene was a
director. In difficult post-war conditions, they took their time about bringing it out and it did not appear until 1948. At one
stage, they even threatened a further postponement, which led to a row between Greene and Powell and the annulment of Powell’s
contract to offer them future books.
In 1949, the Cressett Press commissioned Powell to compile and edit a volume that they brought out under the title
Brief Lives and Other Selected Writings by John Aubrey.
In 1950, Powell received a small legacy when a widower uncle, who had retained a life-interest in his late wife's estate, also
died, the resources passing to Powell. He was able to purchase a house called The Chantry at Frome, Somerset, about sixteen miles from Bath. It was a
Regency structure standing in its own grounds, which included a lake and two grottoes. Both
house and grounds were in need of considerable attention.
Powell returned to novel writing and began to ponder a long novel-sequence. At an early stage, he found himself in the
Wallace Collection standing before Poussin’s
painting A Dance to the Music of Time, which struck him as conveying graphically the rhythms and complexities of
relationships and events as he wished to describe them.
In parallel with his creative writing, he served as the primary fiction reviewer for the Times Literary Supplement, and in 1953 was appointed
Literary Editor of Punch magazine, in which capacity he served until 1959. From
1958 to 1990, he was a regular reviewer for the Daily Telegraph, resigning after a vitriolic personal attack on him by Auberon Waugh was published in the newspaper. He also reviewed occasionally for The Spectator. He served as a trustee of the National Portrait Gallery, London, from 1962 to 1976. With Lady Violet, he
travelled to the United States, India, Guatemala, Italy, and Greece.
Later life
Through his writings, Anthony Powell would go on to international fame. He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1956, and in
1973 he declined the offer of knighthood. He was appointed
Companion of Honour (CH) in 1988. He
published two more freestanding novels, O, How The Wheel Becomes It! (1983) and
The Fisher King (1986). Two volumes of critical essays, Miscellaneous Verdicts (1990) and Under Review (1992) reprint many
of his book reviews. Powell's Journals, covering the years 1982 to 1992, were published between 1995 and 1997. His Writer's Notebook was
published posthumously in 2001, and a third volume of critical essays, Some Poets, Artists, and a
Reference for Mellors, appeared in 2005.
Anthony Powell died peacefully at his home, The Chantry, aged 94 on 28 March 2000.
A Dance to the Music of Time
Powell's masterpiece is A Dance to the Music of Time. The twelve
novels comprising the sequence have been acclaimed by such critics as A. N. Wilson and
fellow writers including Evelyn Waugh and Kingsley
Amis as among the finest English fiction of the twentieth century and Powell was awarded the 1957 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for At Lady Molly's. The cycle of novels,
narrated by a protagonist with experiences and perspectives similar to Powell's own, follows the trajectory of the author's own
life, offering a vivid portrayal of the intersection of bohemian life with high society.
The characters, many loosely modelled on real people[2],
surface, vanish and reappear throughout the sequence: it is not, however, a roman à clef; nor are its characters confined
to the upper classes. The most memorable is the monstrous Kenneth Widmerpool,
partially based on Denis Capel-Dunn, under whom Powell served in 1944 in the
Cabinet Office and also Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller. The three wartime novels are widely
considered by scholars to be amongst the best to emerge from the second world war, and are arguably the most powerful in the
sequence.
As Robert L. Selig has noted[3], "The twelve-volume
sequence of A Dance to the Music of Time traces a colorful group of
English acquaintances across a span of many years from 1914 to 1971. The slowly developing narrative centers around life's
poignant encounters between friends and lovers who later drift apart and yet keep reencountering each other over numerous
unfolding decades as they move through the vicissitudes of marriage, work, aging, and ultimately death. Until the last three
volumes, the next standard excitements of old-fashioned plots (What will happen next? Will x marry y? Will y murder z?) seem far
less important than time's slow reshuffling of friends, acquaintances, and lovers in intricate human arabesques."
Dance was adapted by Hugh Whitemore for a TV mini-series in the autumn of 1997,
and broadcast in the UK on Channel 4. The novel sequence was earlier adapted by Graham Gauld
for a BBC Radio 4 26-part series broadcast between 1978 and
1981. In the radio version (at 26 hours, a longer and fuller adaption than the TV series) the part
of Jenkins as narrator was played by Noel Jenkins, well known previously in the role of
Dick Barton, in the eponymous radio adventure series.
A synopsis of the plot of each volume and commentary is linked below.
Exhibitions
A centenary exhibition in commemoration of Powell's life and work was held at the Wallace
Collection, London, from November 2005 to February
2006. Smaller exhibitions were held during 2005 and 2006 at Eton College; Cambridge
University; the Grolier Club in New York
City, and Georgetown University in Washington, DC.
Bibliography
A Dance to the Music of Time, the twelve-volume series of novels published between 1951 and 1975 consists of:
Partial bibliography of other novels, plays, and works:
To Keep the Ball Rolling: Memoirs of Anthony Powell
- vol. 1, Infants of the Spring (1976)
- vol. 2, Messengers of Day (1978)
- vol. 3, Faces in My Time (1980)
- vol. 4, The Strangers All are Gone (1982)
A one-volume abridgment, called simply To Keep the Ball Rolling, was published in 1983.
Diaries
- Journals 1982-1986 (1995)
- Journals 1987-1989 (1996)
- Journals 1990-1992 (1997)
Notes
- ^ Roger K. Miller, The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, 5 September 2004
Norman Shrapnel,
The Guardian, 30 March 2000
- ^ The
Anthony Powell Society
- ^ Robert L. Selig; Time and Anthony Powell, A Critical Study
References
- Barber, Michael. Anthony Powell: A Life, Duckworth Overlook, 2004. ISBN 0-7156-3049-0
- Nicholas Birns. Understanding Anthony Powell, University of South Carolina Press, 2004. ISBN 1-57003-549-0
- Powell, Anthony. To Keep the Ball Rolling: Memoirs of Anthony Powell (1976-1982)
- Tucker, James. The Novels of Anthony Powell, Columbia University Press, 1976. ISBN 0-231-04150-0
External links
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