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antidote

 
(ăn'tĭ-dōt') pronunciation
n.
  1. A remedy or other agent used to neutralize or counteract the effects of a poison.
  2. An agent that relieves or counteracts: jogging as an antidote to nervous tension.
tr.v., -dot·ed, -dot·ing, -dotes.
To relieve or counteract with an antidote: "Hallie's family life is laced with the poison of self-hatred, a poison that Sam has antidoted with love and understanding" (Christopher Swan).

[Middle English, from Latin antidotum, from Greek antidoton, from antididonai, antido-, to give as a remedy against : anti-, anti- + didonai, to give.]

antidotal an'ti·dot'al (ăn'tĭ-dōt'l) adj.
antidotally an'ti·dot'al·ly adv.

USAGE NOTE   Antidote may be followed by to, for, or against: an antidote to boredom; an antidote for snakebite; an antidote against inflation.


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Remedy to counteract the effects of a poison or toxin. Administered by mouth, intravenously, or sometimes on the skin, it may work by directly neutralizing the poison; causing an opposite effect in the body; binding to the poison to prevent its absorption, inactivate it, or keep it from fitting a receptor at its site of action; or binding to a receptor to prevent the poison's binding there, blocking its action. Some poisons are not active until converted to a different form in the body; their antidotes interrupt that conversion.

For more information on antidote, visit Britannica.com.

Roget's Thesaurus:

antidote

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noun

    Something that corrects or counteracts: corrective, countermeasure, curative, cure, remedy. See better/worse.

Word Tutor:

antidotal

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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: adj. - Counteracting the effects of a poison.

Tutor's tip: Although the evidence is "anecdotal" (relating to a real or fictitious incident), it can also be "antidotal" (counteracting) to the poison of boredom.

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a substance or other agent that limits or reverses the effects of a poison.

Previous:antidiuretic hormone, antidiuretic, anticooperativity
Next:antifolate, antifreeze glycoprotein, antigen

Having the properties of an antidote.

  • a. therapy — treatment specifically directed towards reversing the effects of a poison.
(an′tidōt)
n

A substance that acts to antagonize the toxic effects of a drug, especially in overdose, or of a poison.

Random House Word Menu:

categories related to 'antidote'

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Random House Word Menu by Stephen Glazier
For a list of words related to antidote, see:
  • PHARMACOLOGY - antidote: agent that counteracts effects of poison


  See crossword solutions for the clue Antidote.

An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning.[1] The term ultimately derives from the Greek αντιδιδοναι antididonai, "given against".

The antidotes for some particular toxins are manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and extracting the resulting antibodies from the host animals' blood. This results in an antivenom that can be used to counteract poison produced by certain species of snakes, spiders, and other venomous animals. A number of venoms lack a viable antivenom, and a bite or sting from an animal producing such a toxin often results in death.[citation needed] Some animal venoms, especially those produced by arthropods (e.g. certain spiders, scorpions, bees, etc.) are only potentially lethal when they provoke allergic reactions and induce anaphylactic shock; as such, there is no "antidote" for these venoms because it is not a form of poisoning and anaphylactic shock can be treated (e.g., by the use of epinephrine).

Some other toxins have no known antidote. For example, the poison aconitine, a highly poisonous alkaloid derived from various aconite species has no antidote, and as a result is often fatal if it enters the human body in sufficient quantities.

Contents

Mechanical approaches

Ingested poisons are frequently treated by the oral administration of activated charcoal, which adsorbs the poison and flushes it from the digestive tract, thereby removing a large part of the toxin. Poisons which are injected into the body (such as those from bites or stings from venomous animals) are usually treated by the use of a constriction band which limits the flow of lymph and/or blood to the area, thus slowing circulation of the poison around the body. This should not be confused with use of a tourniquet which cuts off blood flow completely - often leading to the loss of the limb.

List of antidotes

Agent Indication
Activated charcoal with sorbital used for many oral toxins
Adenosine Theophylline antidote for adenosine poisoning
Atropine organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, nerve agents, some mushrooms
Beta Blocker theophylline
Calcium chloride calcium channel blockers, black widow spider bites
Calcium gluconate hydrofluoric acid
Chelators such as EDTA, dimercaprol (BAL), penicillamine, and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, succimer) heavy metal poisoning
Cyanide antidote (amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, or thiosulfate) cyanide poisoning
Cyproheptadine serotonin syndrome
Deferoxamine mesylate Iron poisoning
Digoxin Immune Fab antibody (Digibind and Digifab) digoxin poisoning
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride and benztropine mesylate Extrapyramidal reactions associated with antipsychotic
Ethanol or fomepizole ethylene glycol poisoning and methanol poisoning
Flumazenil benzodiazepine poisoning
Glucagon beta blocker poisoning and calcium channel blocker poisoning
100% oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) carbon monoxide poisoning and cyanide poisoning
Insulin beta blocker poisoning and calcium channel blocker poisoning
Leucovorin methotrexate and trimethoprim
Methylene blue treatment of conditions that cause methemoglobinemia
Naloxone hydrochloride opioid poisoning
N-acetylcysteine Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning
Octreotide oral hypoglycemic agents
Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) organophosphate insecticides, followed after atropine
Protamine sulfate Heparin poisoning
Prussian blue Thallium poisoning
Physostigmine sulfate anticholinergic poisoning
Pyridoxine Isoniazid poisoning, ethylene glycol
Phytomenadione (vitamin K) and fresh frozen plasma warfarin poisoning and indanedione
Sodium bicarbonate ASA, TCAs with a wide QRS

References

See also


Translations:

Antidote

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - antidot, modgift

Nederlands (Dutch)
tegengif, middel tegen

Français (French)
n. - (Méd, fig) antidote, contre-poison

Deutsch (German)
n. - Gegengift, Gegenmittel

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ιατρ., μτφ.) αντίδοτο

Italiano (Italian)
antidoto

Português (Portuguese)
n. - antídoto (m)

Русский (Russian)
противоядие

Español (Spanish)
n. - antídoto, antitoxina, antitóxico, contraveneno

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - motgift

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
矫正方法, 解毒剂

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 矯正方法, 解毒劑

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 해독제, 교정법

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 解毒剤, 矯正手段, 対策

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) مضاد للسم‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮תרופה המנטרלת פעולת רעל, כל דבר הפועל נגד דבר לא-נעים או רע‬


 
 
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American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
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 Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry. Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.  Read more
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Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
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