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An apoprotein is a polypeptide portion of a conjugated protein.
An apoprotein is a polypeptide portion of a conjugated protein.
An apoaequorin is an apoprotein found in the photoprotein aequorin.
Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is also found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is made up of mostly triglycerides.
This article discusses the test used to check for apoCII in a sample of your blood.
Alternative NamesApoCII; Apoprotein CII; ApoC2
How the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.
How to prepare for the testYou may be told not to eat or drink anything for 4 - 6 hours before the test.
How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performedApoCII measurements can help to determine the specific type or cause of high blood lipids (hyperlipidemia).
Normal ValuesUsually, apoCII is reported as present or absent. If the specific level is measured, the normal value may vary according to the institution performing the test.
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results meanHigh levels of apoCII may be due to:
Low apoCII levels are seen in persons with a rare condition called familial apoprotein CII deficiency. This causes chylomicronemia syndrome.
What the risks areVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Bersot TP. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 36.
Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.
Apolipoprotein B100 (apo B100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein(LDL).
This article discusses the test used to measure the level of apoB100 in the blood.
Alternative NamesApoB100; Apoprotein B100
How the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.
How to prepare for the testYour health care provider may tell you not to eat or drink anything for 4 - 6 hours before the test.
How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performedMost often, this test is done to help determine the cause or specific type of hyperlipidemia.
Normal ValuesThe normal range is 40 - 125 mg/dL.
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results meanAn abnormal result may mean you have high lipid levels (hyperlipidemia).
Other disorders that may be associated with high apoB100 levels include angina pectoris and heart attack.
See also: Familial combined hyperlipidemia
What the risks are- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
Apolipoprotein measurements may provide more detail about your risk for heart disease, but the added value of this test beyond a lipid panel is unknown.
ReferencesMahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Bersot TP. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 36.
Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.
A (aminoacyl) site
A form DNA
a(n)-
A-factor
A-protein
A23187
Ab initio gene prediction
ab-
abaxial
Abbreviated New Drug Application
ABC proteins
ABCD rating
abdomen
abdominal
abetalipoproteinemia
abiogenesis
abiotic
abiotic factors
abiotic stress
ablation
abnormal
ABO blood group
aboral end
abortion
abortive
abortive transduction
abscess
abscise
abscisic acid
abscission zone
absolute zero
absorbance optics
absorptive endocytosis
abyssal zone
abzyme
acanthocarpa
acanthodes
acariasis
acaricide
acarodomatia
acaulescent
accelerated run
acceptor
acceptor arm
acceptor end
acceptor stem
accessory cell
accessory pigment
accessory protein
acclimation
accommodation
accrete
accumbent
accuracy
acellular
acellular vaccine
acentric chromosome
acentric fragment
aceriform
acerose
acervulus
acesulfames
acetaminophen
acetic acid
acetyl group
acetylcholine
acetylcholine receptor channel
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Achaete-scute complex (AS-C)
achene
achenecetum
achenocarp
Achilles tendon
achiral
achlamydeous
achlorophyllous
achondroplasia
acid
Acid phosphatase
acid rain
acid-base reaction
acid-ionization constant
acidic oxide
acidosis
acini
acne
acoelomate
acre
acrocentric
Acrocentric chromosome
acrosomal vesicle
acrosome
ACTH
actin
action potential
activate
Activated Support
activation energy
activation energy (deltaG)
Activator and Dissociation
active immunity
active site
active transport
actuator
acute
acyl-CoA
acyl-CoA synthetase
ad-
adaptation
adaptive landscape
adaptive peak
adaptive radiation
additive genetic effects
additive genetic variance
additive model
adductor longus
adenine
adenocarcinoma
adenosine
adenosine deaminase deficiency
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenovirus
adfluvial
ADH
adhesion
adipocyte
adipose tissue
adjacent segragation
adjacent-1 segregation
adjacent-2 segregation
adjuvant
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ADMETox drug screening
adrenal
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adrenalectomy
adrenaline
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
adult-onset
adventitious root
aerial root
aerobic
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Aeronomy
affected
affected relative pair
afferent
afferent arteriole
affinity
agar
agarose
age structure
agent
agglutination
aggrade
aggregate
aggregates
aggregation technique
aggresome
agitator
agonist
Agricultural Development and Advisory Service
Agrobacterium
AIDS-related complex
AKT
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Alanine
albedo
albino
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alcoholic fermentation
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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algae
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alkalosis
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allotype
alloy
allozygosity
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alpha helix
Alpha-fetoprotein
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Alphamethylstyrene
alpine
altered
alternate segregation
alternation of generations
alternative pathway
alternative splicing
altruism
Alu family
alveolar duct
alveolar epithelium
alveolar ventilation
alveolate
alveoli
Alzheimer's Disease
amber codon
amber suppressor
ambi-
ambient
Ames test
amino acid
amino group
aminoacyl-tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Aminoglycosides
aminotransferase
ammonia
amniocentesis
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amnion
amniote
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amoebocyte
amorph
Amphetamine
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amphipathic
amphoteric
amphotropic virus
amplexus
Amplicon
amplification
amplification of DNA
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ampoule
ampulla
ampullae
amu
amygdala
amylase
amyloid
amyloidogenesis
amyloidosis
amylose
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amyotrophy
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anabolism
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analogous enzymes
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analyst
Analyte
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anaphase
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Annotation
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anther
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anthesis
anthocyanin
Anthropometric
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Anticipation
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anticoding strand
anticodon
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antigen-presenting cell (APC)
antigenic determinant
antigenic switching
antimicrobial agent
antimorph
antioxidant
antiparallel
antipyrine
antisense
antisense RNA
antiterminator protein
anus
aorta
AP endonuclease
AP site
AP-1
APC
APCI
apex
apical meristems
Apogamy
apolipoprotein
Apomixis
apoplast
apoplastic
apoprotein
apoptosis
appendicular skeleton
appendix
Application
aprotinin
aqueous humor
aqueous solution
aquifer
arachidonic acid
Archaea
archegonia
archenteron
archeocyte
arcuate nucleus
arcuatus
area postrema
Arginine
Argon
armpit
Arrayed library
Arrestins
Arrhenius acid
arrow diagram
arterial
Arteriogram
arteriole
artery
arthritis
arthro
arthropod
artifact
artificial insemination (A.I.)
artificial selection
ascending limb
ascomycete
ascospore
ascus (asci)
Asparagine
Aspartame
Aspartic acid
aspiration
aspirin
assay
Assembly
assignment test
assortative mating
aster
asthma
astrocyte
astrocytosis
asymmetric division
asymptomatic
ataxia
ataxia-telangiectasia
atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
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atomic mass unit
atomic number
atomic weight
atopy
ATP synthase
atrazine
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
atrial natriuretic factor receptors
atriopore
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular valve
atrium
atrophy
attached X
attenuation
attenuator
attenuator stem
attract
auditory nerve
auricle
autoantibody
Autocatalytic Reaction
autochthonous
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autogamy
autograft
autoimmune disease
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autonomous replication sequence (ARS)
autonomous specification
autopolyploid
autoradiography
autoregulation
autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
autosomal set
autosome
autotroph
autozygosity
autozygous
auxin
auxotroph
auxotrophic mutant
average
average molecular weight
avidity
Avogadro's law
Avogadro's number (N)
Avuncular relationship
axial skeleton
axil
axilla
axon
axoneme
azoic
