arch

(ärch)

1. A structure, especially one of masonry, forming the curved, pointed, or flat upper edge of an open space and supporting the weight above it, as in a bridge or doorway.
2. A structure, such as a freestanding monument, shaped like an inverted U.
3. A curve with the ends down and the middle up: the arch of a raised eyebrow.
4. Anatomy. An organ or structure having a curved or bowlike appearance, especially either of two arched sections of the bony structure of the foot.

1. To provide with an arch: arch a passageway.
2. To cause to form an arch or similar curve.
3. To bend backward: The dancers alternately arched and hunched their backs.
4. To span: "the rude bridge that arched the flood" (Ralph Waldo Emerson).

[Middle English, from Old French arche, from Vulgar Latin *arca, from Latin arcus.]

(ärch)

1. Chief; principal: their arch foe.
2. Mischievous; roguish: an arch glance.

[From ARCH-¹.]

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The arch supports a vertical load primarily by axial compression of its wedge-shaped voussoirs. As … (credit: © Merriam-Webster Inc.)

Curved structure that spans the opening between two piers or columns and supports loads from above. The masonry arch provides the stepping stone from the post-and-beam system to the evolution of the vault, and was first widely used by the Romans. Its construction depends on a series of wedge-shaped blocks (voussoirs) set side by side in a semicircular curve or along two intersecting arcs (as in a pointed arch). The central voussoir is called the keystone, and the two points where the arch rests on its supports are known as the spring points. An arch can carry a much greater load than a horizontal beam of the same size and material, because downward pressure forces the voussoirs together instead of apart. The resulting outward thrust must be resisted by the arch's supports. Present-day lightweight monolithic (one-piece) arches of steel, concrete, or laminated wood are highly rigid, and thereby minimize horizontal thrust.

For more information on arch, visit Britannica.com.

A structure, usually curved, that when subjected to vertical loads causes its two end supports to develop reactions with inwardly directed horizontal components. The designations of the various parts of an arch are given in the illustration. The commonest uses for an arch are as a bridge, supporting a roadway, railroad track, or footpath, and as part of a building, where it provides a large open space unobstructed by columns. Arches are usually built of steel, reinforced concrete, or timber.

An open-spandrel, concrete, fixed-arch bridge.

On the basis of structural behavior, arches are classified as fixed (hingeless), single-hinged, two-hinged, or three-hinged. An arch is considered to be fixed when rotation is prevented at its supports. Reinforced concrete ribs are almost always fixed. For long-span steel structures only fixed solid-rib arches are used. Because of its greater stiffness, the fixed arch is better suited for long spans than hinged arches.

Concrete is relatively weak in tension and shear but strong in compression and is therefore ideal for arch construction. Precast reinforced concrete arches of the three-hinged type have been used in buildings for spans up to 160 ft (49 m).

Steel arches are solid-rib or braced-rib arches. Solid-rib arches usually have two hinges but may be hingeless. The braced-rib arch has a system of diagonal bracing replacing the solid web of the solid-rib arch. The world's longest arch spans are two-hinged arches of the braced-rib type. The spandrel-braced arch is essentially a deck truss with a curved lower chord, the truss being capable of developing horizontal thrust at each support. This type of arch is generally constructed with two or three hinges because of the difficulty of adequately anchoring the skewbacks.

Wood arches may be of the solid-rib or braced-rib type. Solid-rib arches are of laminated construction and can be shaped to almost any required form. Arches are usually built up of nominal 1- or 2-in. (2.5- or 5-cm) material because bending on individual laminations is more readily accomplished. Because of ease in fabrication and erection, most solid-rib arches are of the three-hinged type. This type has been used for spans of more than 200 ft (60 m). The lamella arch has been widely used to provide wide clear spans for gymnasiums and auditoriums. The wood lamella arch is more widely used than its counterpart in steel. The characteristic diamond pattern of lamella construction provides a unique and pleasing appearance. See also Bridge; Buildings; Truss.

The masonry arch can provide structure and beauty, is fireproof, requires comparatively little maintenance, and has a high tolerance for foundation settlement and movement due to other environmental factors. Most arches are curved, but many hectares (acres) of floor in highrise office and public buildings are supported by hollow-tile jack (flat) arches. If a curved arch is wide (dimension normal to span), the arch is referred to as a barrel arch or vault. The vault cross section may have several different shapes. Contiguous vaults may be individual, may intersect, or may cross. A four-part vault is termed quadripartite. Contiguous quadripartite vaults that are supported at the corners by columns are masonry skeletons of large cathedrals.

Stone for masonry skeletons is cut from three classes of rock; igneous (granite, traprock), metamorphic (gneiss, slate, quartzite), and sedimentary (limestone, sandstone). The primary requirements for brick as a structural material are compressive strength and weathering resistance. Hollow clay tiles (terra-cotta) for floor arches are made semiporous in order to improve fire resistance. See also Brick; Metamorphic rocks; Sedimentary rocks.

verb

1. To swerve from a straight line: angle, arc, bend, bow, crook, curve, round, turn. See straight/bent.
2. To incline the body: bend, bow, hump, hunch, scrunch, stoop. See posture.

Definition: principal, superior
Antonyms: inferior

n

Definition: curve
Antonyms: straightness

In coastal geomorphology, an arch is made when two caves occurring on either side of a headland are cut until they meet. Durdle Door, Dorset, is a British example, and arches are common on the coast of the French Pays de Caux. Arches are relatively temporary features of the landscape. Roof falls cut off the seaward end of the arch, which is then left as a stack.

A construction that spans an opening; usually curved; often consists of wedge-shaped blocks (voussoirs) having their narrower ends toward the opening. Arches vary in shape, from those that have little or no curvature to those that are acutely pointed. For special types of arches, see acute arch, anse de panier, arrière-voussure, back arch, basket-handle arch, bell arch, blind arch, camber arch, catenary arch, cinquefoil arch, compound arch, cusped arch, diminished arch, discharging arch, Dutch arch, elliptical arch, equilateral arch,

arch: Ex Estrados; In intrados; K keystone; S springers; v voussoirs

An econometric term used for observed time series. ARCH models are used to model financial time series with time-varying volatility, such as stock prices. The ARCH concept was developed by economist Robert F. Engle, for which he won the 2003 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Investopedia Says:

ARCH models assume that the variance of the current error term is related to the size of the previous periods' error terms, giving rise to volatility clustering. This phenomenon is widely observable in financial markets, where periods of low volatility are followed by periods of high volatility and vice versa. For example, volatility for the S&P 500 was unusually low for an extended period during the bull market from 2003 to 2007, before spiking to record levels during the market correction of 2008. ARCH models have become mainstays of arbitrage pricing and portfolio theory.

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In architecture, a curved or pointed opening that spans a doorway, window, or other space.

Tutor's tip: An "ark" (similar to Noah's boat) can make an "arc" (segment of a circle) in the water, but not an "arch" (curved structure over an open space) over the water.

LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!

A structure of bowlike or curved outline.

• a. of aorta — the curving portion between the ascending and descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk and, in some species, the left common carotid and the left subclavian artery.
• aortic a's — paired vessels that run from the ventral to the dorsal aortae through the branchial arches of fishes and amniote embryos. In mammalian development, arches 1 and 2 disappear; 3 joins the common to become the internal carotid artery; 4 becomes the arch of the aorta and joins the aorta and subclavian artery; 5 disappears; 6 forms the pulmonary arteries and, until birth, the ductus arteriosus.
• arterial a. — one or more arteries that form an anastomotic connection between two more or less parallel tributaries; found commonly around joints and other moveable parts.
• a. arteriosus, arcus arteriosus — a large communicating branch between two arteries.
• branchial a's — four pairs of mesenchymal and later cartilaginous columns in the pharyngeal wall which in fish develop into gills and in mammals become modified into structures of the ear and neck.
• branchial a. derivatives — derivatives of the arches are first arch (mandible, ossicles), second arch (hyoid apparatus, ear ossicles), third arch (hyoid apparatus), fourth arch (laryngeal cartilages).
• costal a. — the rim to the bony thorax formed by the conjoined asternal ribs and their connecting elastic tissue.
• cricoid a. — the slender ventral half of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx. The most caudal of the palpable landmarks of the larynx.
• dental a. — the curving structure formed by the crowns of the teeth in their normal position, or by the residual ridge after loss of the teeth.
• hemal a. — the v- or y-shaped bone borne on the ventral surface of the tail vertebrae of some animals and which protects blood vessels. Called also chevron bone.
• hyoid a. — the second branchial arch.
• ischial a., ischiatic a. — the caudal rim of the pelvis formed by the conjunction of the two ischiae. Called also sciatic arch.
• lumbocostal a. of the diaphragm — the dorsal part of the diaphragm where it crosses the ventral surface of the psoas muscles. Here it is without any attachment and only serous membranes separate the thoracic and peritoneal cavities.
• mandibular a. — the first branchial arch, being the rudiment of the maxillary and mandibular regions.
• neural a. — the dorsal vertebral arch.
• palatal a. — the arch formed by the roof of the mouth from the teeth on one side to those on the other.
• palatoglossal a. — the thick fold of tissue passing from the soft palate to the lateral border of the tongue.
• palatopharyngeal a. — a horizontal fold of pharyngeal mucosa that passes from the soft palate and joins with its opposite fold over the entrance to the esophagus.
• palmar a. — a superficial and a deep vascular arch behind the carpus formed by the conjunction of several arteries of the forearm.
• pulmonary a's — the most caudal of the embryonic aortic arches, which become the pulmonary arteries.
• sciatic a. — ischial arch.
• subcarpal a. — the deep palmar arch, especially of horses.
• superficial dorsal a. — one of the arterial arches in the foot of carnivores.
• supracarpal a. — the superficial palmar arch, especially of horses.
• tendinous a. — a linear arched thickening of fascia that provides attachment for some muscles.
• terminal a. — the union between the medial and lateral palmar digital arteries, which in horses runs through the solar canal within the distal phalanx.
• vertebral a. — the dorsal bony arch of a vertebra, composed of paired laminae and pedicles.
• zygomatic a. — the arch formed by the processes of the zygomatic and temporal bones that is the principal origin of the masseter muscle and is particularly broad and prominent in carnivores.

A structure with a curved outline.

face of the teeth and soldered to the anchor bands.

• Ornamental and Structural Parts - arch: curved masonry support structure spanning an opening: basket-handle, flat, horseshoe, lancet, ogee, parabolic, round, shouldered, trefoil, Tudor
• Structural and Decorative Elements - arch: curved structural support member spanning an opening: basket-handle, flat, horseshoe, lancet, ogee, parabolic, round, shouldered, trefoil, Tudor
• Parts of Shoes and Accessories - arch: midsection of shoe that supports arch of foot
• Classical Elements and Design - arch: curved structural member spanning an opening and serving as support, esp. of stone blocks: barrel, basket-handle, bell, blunt, cinquefoil, cusped, elliptical, equal, flat, horseshoe, inflected, keel, lancet, ogee, parabolic, pointed, primitive, rampant, relieving, round, rowlock, scalloped, segmental, shouldered, trefoil, Tudor
• Bad, False, Evil, Insincere, or Dishonest
• Troublesome, Negative, Irresponsible, or Unpleasant

For other uses, see Arch (disambiguation).

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2009)

A masonry arch
1. Keystone 2. Voussoir 3. Extrados 4. Impost 5. Intrados 6. Rise 7. Clear span 8. Abutment

An arch is a structure that spans a space and supports a load. Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture and their systematic use started with the Ancient Romans who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures.

Contents 1 Technical aspects 2 History 3 Construction 3.1 Construction of adobe arches 4 Other types 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Technical aspects

The arch is significant because, in theory at least, it provides a structure which eliminates tensile stresses in spanning a great amount of open space. All the forces are resolved into compressive stresses. This is useful because several of the available building materials such as stone, cast iron and concrete can strongly resist compression but are very weak when tension, shear or torsional stress is applied to them. By using the arch configuration, significant spans can be achieved. This is because all the compressive forces hold it together in a state of equilibrium. This even applies to frictionless surfaces. However, one downside is that an arch pushes outward at the base, and this needs to be restrained in some way, either with heavy sides and friction or angled cuts into bedrock or similar.

This same principle holds when the force acting on the arch is not vertical such as in spanning a doorway, but horizontal, such as in arched retaining walls or dams.

Even when using concrete, where the structure may be monolithic, the principle of the arch is used so as to benefit from the concrete's strength in resisting compressive stress. Where any other form of stress is raised, it has to be resisted by carefully placed reinforcement rods or fibres. (See Arch bridge.)

History

Roman arch architecture in Ostia Antica, Italy

True arches, as opposed to corbel arches, were known by a number of civilizations in the Ancient Near East, the Levant, and Mexico, but their use was infrequent and mostly confined to underground structures such as drains where the problem of lateral thrust is greatly diminished.^[1] A rare exception is the bronze age arched city gate of Ashkelon (modern day Israel), dating to ca. 1850 B.C.^[2] An early example of a voussoir arch appears in the Greek Rhodes Footbridge.^[3] In 2010, a robot discovered a long arch-roofed passageway underneath the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl which stands in the ancient city of Teotihuacan north of Mexico City, dated to around 200 AD.^[4]

The ancient Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans, refined it and were the first builders to tap its full potential for above ground buildings:

The Romans were the first builders in Europe, perhaps the first in the world, fully to appreciate the advantages of the arch, the vault and the dome.^[5]

Throughout the Roman empire, their engineers erected arch structures such as bridges, aqueducts, and gates. They also introduced the triumphal arch as a military monument. Vaults began to be used for roofing large interior spaces such as halls and temples, a function which was also assumed by domed structures from the 1st century BC onwards.

The segmental arch was first built by the Romans who realized that an arch in a bridge did not have to be a semicircle,^[6][7] such as in Alconétar Bridge or Ponte San Lorenzo. They were also routinely used in house construction as in Ostia Antica (see picture).

The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive whose centreline more closely followed the forces of compression and which was therefore stronger. The semicircular arch can be flattened to make an elliptical arch as in the Ponte Santa Trinita. Both the parabolic and the catenary arches are now known to be the theoretically strongest forms. Parabolic arches were introduced in construction by the Spanish architect Antoni Gaudí, who admired the structural system of Gothic style, but for the buttresses, which he termed “architectural crutches”. The catenary and parabolic arches carry all horizontal thrust to the foundation and so do not need additional elements.

The horseshoe arch is based on the semicircular arch, but its lower ends are extended further round the circle until they start to converge. The first known built horseshoe arches are known from Aksum (modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea) from around the 3rd–4th century, around the same time as the earliest contemporary examples in Roman Syria, suggesting either an Aksumite or Syrian origin for the type of arch.^{[8][page needed]}

Construction

An arch requires all of its elements to hold it together, raising the question of how an arch is constructed. One answer is to build a frame (historically, of wood) which exactly follows the form of the underside of the arch. This is known as a centre or centring. The voussoirs are laid on it until the arch is complete and self-supporting. For an arch higher than head height, scaffolding would in any case be required by the builders, so the scaffolding can be combined with the arch support. Occasionally arches would fall down when the frame was removed if construction or planning had been incorrect. (The A85 bridge at Dalmally, Scotland suffered this fate on its first attempt, in the 1940s^{[citation needed]}). The interior and lower line or curve of an arch is known as the intrados.

Old arches sometimes need reinforcement due to decay of the keystones, forming what is known as bald arch.

The gallery shows arch forms displayed in roughly the order in which they were developed.

• 

  Triangular arch

• 

  Round arch or Semi-circular arch

• 

  Segmental arch or arch that is less than a semicircle

• 

  Unequal round arch or Rampant round arch

• 

  Lancet arch

• 

  Equilateral pointed arch

• 

  Shouldered flat arch -see also jack arch

• 

  Three-foiled cusped arch

• 

  Horseshoe arch

• 

  Three-centered arch

• 

  Elliptical arch

• 

  Inflexed arch

• 

  Ogee arch

• 

  Reverse ogee arch

• 

  Tudor arch

• 

  Parabolic arch

Construction of adobe arches

Below a set of pictures of various stages of construction of Arches made of adobe- mud- bricks using local materials and local labor in Merzouga, Morocco. They rest upon concrete pillars and have a concrete bar across them for strength.

• 

  Adobe Arches in Merzouga Morocco

• 

  Ready for final touches

• 

  Notice the adobe bricks

• 

  Bricks made from local mud.

• 

  Arches supported by concrete pillars

• 

  Similar to Arches in the Mosque in Cordoba,Spain

Other types

The Delicate Arch, a natural arch near Moab, Utah

A blind arch is an arch infilled with solid construction so it cannot function as a window, door, or passageway.

Natural rock formations may also be referred to as arches. These natural arches are formed by erosion rather than being carved or constructed by man. See Arches National Park for examples.

A special form of the arch is the triumphal arch, usually built to celebrate a victory in war. A famous example is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France.

Gallery

• 

  The dry stone bridge, so called Porta Rosa (4th century BC), in Elea

• 

  Arch of Constantine, Rome, Italy commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD

• 

  The Gateway Arch in Saint Louis, Missouri; a sculpture based on a catenary arch

• 

  Doubled round archivolts – Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Assunção, Linhares da Beira, Portugal.

• 

  Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building – Burg Lippspringe, Germany

• 

  Several arches at the Casa Simón Bolívar in Havana, Cuba

• 

  Arches in the Armenian monastery of Geghard.

• 

  Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaça, Portugal

• 

  The Arc de Triomphe, Paris; a 19th-century triumphal arch modeled on the classical Roman design

• 

  The Second Wembley Stadium, in London, built in 2007

• 

  Catenary arches inside Casa Milà in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaudí

• 

  Arches in one of the porticos of Mosque of Uqba also known as the Great Mosque of Kairouan, city of Kairouan, Tunisia

• 

  Lucerne railway station, Switzerland

• 

  Arcade at Campeche, Mexico.

See also

• Arcade (architecture)
• Arch bridge
• Corbelled arch
• Blind arch
• Natural arch
• Order moulding
• Skew arch
• Suspension bridge
• Triumphal arch
• Golden Arches

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arch

1. ^ Rasch 1985, p. 117
2. ^ Oldest arched gate in the world restored
3. ^ Galliazzo 1995, p. 36; Boyd 1978, p. 91
4. ^ Teotihuacan ruins explored by a robot, AP report in the Christian Science Monitor, November 12, 2010
5. ^ Robertson, D.S.: Greek and Roman Architecture, 2nd edn., Cambridge 1943, p.231
6. ^ Galliazzo 1995, pp. 429–437
7. ^ O’Connor 1993, p. 171
8. ^ Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: A Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press. 199

Notes

• Boyd, Thomas D. (1978), "The Arch and the Vault in Greek Architecture", American Journal of Archaeology 82 (1): 83–100 (91), doi:10.2307/503797 
• Galliazzo, Vittorio (1995), I ponti romani, Vol. 1, Treviso: Edizioni Canova, ISBN 88-85066-66-6 
• O’Connor, Colin (1993), Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-39326-4 
• Rasch, Jürgen (1985), "Die Kuppel in der römischen Architektur. Entwicklung, Formgebung, Konstruktion", Architectura 15: 117–139 
• Roth, Leland M (1993). Understanding Architecture: Its Elements History and Meaning. Oxford, UK: Westview Press. ISBN 0-06-430158-3.  pp. 27–8

External links

• DIYinfo.org's Constructing Brick Arches Wiki - A wiki on how to construct brick arches around the house
• DIYinfo.org's Constructing Timber Framed Arches Wiki - Similar to the brick arches but extra information for timber arches

v d e Rooms, spaces, and architectural elements Public areas Airport lounge Auditorium Cafeteria Classroom Changing room Conference hall Doctor's office Function hall Mailroom Library Lobby Office Refectory Restroom Security Waiting room Passages and spaces Alcove Atrium Balcony Breezeway Corridor Deck Elevator Emergency exit Escalator Entryway / Genkan / Mud room Foyer Hallway Loft Loggia Nook Patio Pedway Pergola Porch porte-cochère Portico Ramp Secret passage Skyway Spear closet Stairway Terrace Veranda Vestibule Wheelchair ramp Utility and storage Attic Basement Box room / Carport Cloakroom Closet Electrical room Equipment room Furnace room / Boiler room Garage Janitorial closet Laundry room / Utility room Mechanical room / floor Pantry Root cellar Semi-basement Studio Server room Wardrobe Workshop Vault Wine cellar Wiring closet / Demarcation point Shared residential rooms Billiard room Bonus room Common room Conversation pit Den Dining room Drawing room Family room Great room Hearth room Home office Kitchen Kitchenette Library Living room / Lounge / Sitting room Man cave Media room or Home theater Mehmaan khana Recreation room Shrines Study Sunroom / Solarium Private rooms Bathroom / Toilet (room) Bedroom / Guest room Boudoir Cabinet Jack and Jill bathroom Nursery Safe room State room Suite Walk-in closet Great house areas Ballroom Butler's pantry Buttery Drawing room Fainting room Great chamber Great hall Larder Long gallery Lumber room Parlour Root cellar Salon Saucery Scullery Servants' hall Servants' quarters Smoking room Solar Spicery Still room Undercroft Other areas Barn Boathouse Conservatory Gym Loading dock Moon gate Outhouse Secondary suite Shed Stable Storm cellar or Storm room Architectural elements Arch Ceiling Colonnade Column Courtyard Fireplace Floor Gate Lighting Ornament Swimming pool Vault Wet bar Roof Related terms Building Furniture House House plan Rooms

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - bue, buespand
v. tr. - krumme, bue, bukke, give bueform
v. intr. - danne bue, beskrive en bue

2.
adj. - skælmsk, drilsk, underfundig

Nederlands (Dutch)
boog, voetholte, schalks, aarts-, buigen, (over) welven, zich welven,

Français (French)
1.
n. - arc, voûte, arche, (Archit) arc, cintre, arcade (sourcilière), cambrure, voûte plantaire
v. tr. - arquer, cambrer
v. intr. - former une voûte, être en forme d'arche, s'arquer

2.
adj. - malicieux, condescendant

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Bogen
v. - biegen, sich wölben

2.
adj. - schelmisch

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (αρχιτ.) αψίδα, καμάρα, τόξο (αψίδας κτλ.), καμάρα του πέλματος
v. - κυρτώνω/-ομαι, σχηματίζω τόξο, γεφυρώνω, καμπουριάζω, λυγίζω
adj. - ναζιάρικος, τσαχπίνικος, κατεργάρικος
pref. - αρχι-

Italiano (Italian)
curvare, arcuare, arcuarsi, arco, volta, birichino, superiore

Português (Portuguese)
n. - arco (m) (Arquit.), arcada (f), abóbada (f) (Arquit.), peito (m) do pé (Anat.)
v. - arquear(-se)
adj. - brejeiro, travesso
pref. - arqui-

idioms:

• triumphal arch    arco (m) do triunfo

Русский (Russian)
перекрывать сводом, выгибать, изгибать, арка, игривый, лукавый, хитрый

idioms:

• triumphal arch    триумфальная арка

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - arco, grande, malicioso
v. tr. - doblar, arquear, combar, curvar
v. intr. - arquearse, doblarse, combarse, curvarse, formar un arco

2.
adj. - doblado, combado, arqueado, curvado

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - valv
v. - välva, kröka
adj. - skälmaktig, illmarig
pref. - ärke-, ursprunglig

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 拱门, 弓形, 使成弧形, 拱起, 使成弓形, 呈拱形覆盖, 形成弧形, 呈弧形移动

2. 调皮的, 淘气的, 为首的, 主要的

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
adj. - 調皮的, 淘氣的, 為首的, 主要的

2.
n. - 拱門, 弓形
v. tr. - 使成弧形, 拱起, 使成弓形, 呈拱形覆蓋
v. intr. - 形成弧形, 呈弧形移動

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 아치, 궁형, 장심
v. tr. - ~애 아치를 놓다[을 아치 모양으로 만들다]
v. intr. - 아치(활) 모양으로 되다

2.
adj. - 중요한, 간교한, 짓궂은

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - アーチ, アーチ門, アーチ状のもの, 土踏まず
v. - アーチ形にする, アーチ形になる
adj. - いたずらっぽい, ずるそうな, 人を見下す

idioms:

• triumphal arch    凱旋門

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) قنطره, قوس, , قوس, القدم (فعل) يقوس, , يتقوس, , رئسي (صفه) شي شبيه بالقنطره, مدخل أو ممر تحت قنطره (بادئه الكلمه) قنطره‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮קשת, קימור, קמרון, שער מקומר‬
v. tr. - ‮קימר, קישת, גבנן‬
v. intr. - ‮התקמר‬
adj. - ‮ערמומי, ממולח, שובבי, ראשי‬

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