Argonne National Laboratory

Type: Government-owned
On the web: http://www.anl.gov

Argonne National Laboratory boasts some of the top minds in science. One of the largest scientific research centers in the US, Argonne's 1,000 scientists and engineers perform basic and applied research in such areas as computer science, energy, environmental management, and national security. It is known for its high-energy physics, nuclear energy, and waste remediation projects. Three of its former scientists have won the Nobel Prize. Argonne grew out of work being performed at the University of Chicago for the famous Manhattan Project during WWII and became the first national laboratory to be chartered in 1946. Argonne is funded by the US Department of Energy and operated by the University of Chicago.

Officers:
Director: Eric D. Isaacs
Deputy Director Operations and COO: Steven D. Richardson
CFO: Michael Besançon

Competitors:
Brookhaven Lab
Lawrence Livermore Lab
Southwest Research Institute

A laboratory in Argonne, Illinois, under the direction of the U. S. Department of Energy. Founded in 1946 to conduct basic atomic research and to explore possible peacetime uses for nuclear energy, its research now covers a broad range of science and engineering concerns.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Argonne National Laboratory is operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Located in Argonne, Illinois, the lab is divided operationally into five principle divisions: Physical, Biological & Computing Sciences; Advanced Photon Source; Energy & Environmental Science & Technology; Engineering Research; and Operations.

Argonne scientists collaborate on several projects related to nuclear safety. Argonne's International Nuclear Safety Center (INSC) is dedicated to improving safety related technology and safety protocols for nucler reactors—including reactors in the former Soviet Union. Funded by DOE's Office of Nonproliferation and National Security, INSC scientists maintain an extensive database related to a variety of nuclear facilities. The INSC database is organized so that researchers can quickly access site-specific information on reactors around the world.

Argonne scientists provide technical support to several agencies involved in stemming proliferation or use of weapons of mass destruction. As of 2003, Argonne's national security related programs supported research dedicated to developing technology—and providing expert guidance—related to arms control and nuclear, chemical, and biological counter-terrorism.

Argonne developed technologies include methods to track nuclear fuels and to support nuclear waste cleanup of spent fuels.

Argonne scientists have developed an electrometallurgical treatment process to handle spent nuclear fuels. The treatment process uses electrorefining techniques that separate uranium, radioactive wastes, and inert materials in sodium bonded metallic fuels. In preparing nuclear waste for disposal, the electrometallurgical treatment process allows the isolation and removal of uranium and also allows the remaining waste into a ceramic or a metal alloy by heating and compressing a composite of borosilicate glass and zeolite (a mineral that incorporates fission waste products). Components of the metal alloy are derived from the steel cladding used to encase the fuel in the reactor. By restricting plutonium access—binding it with waste products—the plutonium is placed in a form that reduces or eliminates its potential use in a nuclear weapon.

In support of several agencies, Argonne scientists are capable of providing field measurements of radiation exposure dangers and of guiding decontamination efforts associated with reactor decontamination and decommissioning. Part of the decommissioning effort is dedicated to ensuring safe disposal of nuclear fuels so that the fuels can not be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.

Argonne engineers collaborate on efforts to develop sensitive detectors capable of identifying concealed nuclear materials.

Argonne personnel provide technical expertise to Federal Bureau of Investigation counterterrorism operations and aid in domestic infrastructure assurance programs designed to improve security at critical U.S. infrastructure sites. For example, Argonne's PROTECT system, developed by the Decision and Information Sciences Division, features an integrated detection, communication and response program to secure subways against chemical attacks.

Argonne research also includes efforts to improve instruments and sensors capable of detecting chemical and biological agents. As a part of the Joint Chemical Aid Detector Program, Argonne researchers developed portable cyanide-gas microsensors. Engineers are especially interested in developing hypersensitive detectors capable of identifying trace evidence of dangerous chemical or biological agents and developed a series of portable biochip microarrays that are capable of detecting bioagents, including anthrax bacterium.

Argonne's Advanced Photon Source (APS) allows study of the 3-D structure of toxins—including Anthrax toxins. Micro Array of Gel-Immobilized Compounds or MAGIC chips were developed by Argonne researchers to identify biological pathogens and disease related genetic mutations.

Further Reading

Electronic

Environmental Measurements Laboratory. National Security. <http://www.eml.doe.gov/> (March 16, 2003).

United States Department of Energy, Office of Science. National Laboratories and User Facilities. <http://www.sc.doe.gov/Sub/Organization/Map/national_labs_and_userfacilities.htm> (March 23, 2003).

United States Department of Homeland Security. Research & Technology. <http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?theme=27&content=374> (March 23, 2003).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2007)

Argonne National Laboratory

Established	1946
Research Type	Research
Field of Research	Physical science Life science Environmental science Energy science Photon science
Director	Eric Isaacs
Location	Argonne, Illinois
Address	9700 S. Cass Avenue
Telephone	(630) 252-2000
Affiliations	United States Department of Energy University of Chicago Jacobs Engineering
Nobel Laureates	Enrico Fermi Maria Goeppert Mayer Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov
Website	anl.gov

Aerial photo of Argonne National Laboratory.

Argonne National Laboratory is one of the United States Department of Energy's oldest and largest science and engineering research national laboratories and is the largest in size in the Midwest (approximately twice the area of the nearby Fermilab). The laboratory is managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC, which is composed of the University of Chicago and Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. It is located on 1,700 acres (6.9 km²) in DuPage County, 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Chicago, Illinois, on Interstate 55, completely encircled by Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve. When it was first established it was known as the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory (Met Lab), and it was previously located within Red Gate Woods. Early on the lab was part of the Manhattan Project, which built America's first atomic bomb.

Argonne currently has five main areas of focus^[1][2]. Argonne's focus on these areas is meant to fulfill several governmental responsibilities in the hopes of benefiting the society at large.

• Conducting basic scientific research to further scientists' understanding of the world we live in. Argonne conducts basic experimental and theoretical scientific research in the physical, life, and environmental sciences.
• Building and maintaining scientific facilities that would be too expensive for a single company or university, for the use of scientists from Argonne, private industry, academia and other national laboratories, and other nations. Facilities include the Advanced Photon source, the Center for Nanoscale Materials, the Electron Microscopy Center, the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility.
• Argonne is one of the advanced centers for the study and research of energy technologies. Argonne is working to develop and evaluate advanced energy techniques and sciences.
• Researching and developing solutions to certain environmental problems. Argonne attempts to manage and solve the nation's environmental problems and to promote environmental stewardship in a scientific context.
• Contributing to national security by applying expertise in the nuclear fuel cycle, biology, chemistry, and systems analysis and modeling. Projects include developing highly sensitive instruments and technologies to detect chemical, biological, and radioactive threats and identify their sources.

Argonne scientists and engineers help advance science, engineering, and mathematics education in the United States by taking part in the training of nearly 1,000 college graduate students and post-doctoral researchers every year as part of their research and development activities. To help fulfill this end, Argonne National Laboratory was recently the facility awarded to receive the IBM Blue Gene/P.^[3]

Contents 1 Argonne in Modern Media 2 Notable staff 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Argonne in Modern Media

Significant portions of the 1996 chase movie Chain Reaction were filmed in the Zero-Gradient Synchrotron ring room and the former Continuous Wave Deuterium Demonstrator laboratory.[1]

Argonne National Laboratory had a smaller facility called Argonne National Laboratory-West (or simply Argonne-West) in Idaho next to the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. In 2005, they merged together to become the Idaho National Laboratory. ^[4]

Notable staff

• Gilbert Jerome Perlow
• Walter E. Massey

See also

• Atom Trap at ATLAS
• Canadian Penning Trap Spectrometer
• Enge Split Pole Spectrograph
• Fragment Mass Analyzer
• Gammasphere
• Large Scattering Chamber
• Track Imaging Cherenkov Experiment

References

1. ^ Welcome to Argonne
2. ^ About Argonne
3. ^ Curry, Jessica (2007-08-12). "Blue Gene Baby". Chicago Life. http://chicagolife.net/content/chicago/Blue_Gene_Baby. 
4. ^ .:Post Register - Idaho Falls, ID:. INL History

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Argonne National Laboratory

• Argonne National Laboratory official website

Coordinates: 41°42′33″N 87°58′55″W / 41.709166°N 87.981992°W / 41.709166; -87.981992

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