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| Type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1973 |
| Headquarters | Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Key people | Terry Duddy, Darren Marson, Sara Weller, Joe Phillips, Richard Tompkins (founder) |
| Industry | Retailer |
| Products | Consumer goods |
| Revenue | Sales - £3.652 billion (2005) - £4.2 billion (2007) |
| Employees | circa 51,000 |
| Parent | Home Retail Group |
| Website | www.argos.co.uk |
Argos is the largest general-goods retailer in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland with over 700 stores. Argos is unique amongst major retailers in the U.K. because its primary means of displaying goods to customers is via a catalogue. Customers browse through the Argos catalogue, select items to purchase, pay for the items, and then collect the items from the in-store collection desk or have the item delivered to their home – it is a catalogue merchant.
Argos owns several brands including Elizabeth Duke[1] (jewellery, see below, but dropped in the latest catalogue), Mikomi[2] Alba, Bush[3] and Chad Valley.[4] and many others.[5]
Argos was once a FTSE 100 Index constituent but is now owned by Home Retail Group.
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History
The Company was founded by Richard Tompkins who had established Green Shield Stamps in the United Kingdom. Whilst on holiday in the Greek city of Argos he came up with the idea that people could purchase goods from his "Green Shield Gift House" with cash rather than savings stamps. He rebranded the original Green Shield Stamps catalogue shops as Argos beginning in July 1973, the first purpose-built store opening on the A28 Sturry Road, Canterbury in late 1973.
Argos launched with 1000 members of staff, taking £1,000,000 during a week in November.[6] Argos was purchased by BAT Industries in 1979 for a deal worth £32 million. The following year, Argos opened its Elizabeth Duke jewellery counter (named after the director's wife) and by 1982 was the UK's 4th biggest jewellery retailer.
The Company was demerged from BAT Industries and listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1990: it was then acquired by GUS plc in 1998.[7] It subsequently became part of Home Retail Group which was demerged from its parent company, GUS plc, with effect from 10 October 2006.[8]
Catalogues
Argos publishes catalogues twice a year (a Spring/Summer edition in January and an Autumn/Winter edition in July), along with a smaller Christmas catalogue (in October). Current editions have well over 1500 pages (excluding the Christmas catalogue, which has a few hundred pages) containing photographs of items, brief descriptions, prices and a catalogue number. Store copies are almost identical to home versions except for being ring-bound with individually laminated pages and updated price information.
Catalogues are complemented by seasonal sales flyers, offering Non-Catalogue lines and price reductions on existing deals. Other items are sometimes available in stores, such as ex-catalogue goods at reduced prices (especially after the launch of a new catalogue).
In early 2006, Argos trialed a new catalogue branded Argos Home in over 100 stores in the U.K. This proved successful and on Saturday 5 August 2006, it launched the second Argos Home catalogue, this time in all 200 Argos Extra stores. The catalogue only contains home furniture and styling tips for the current season. All items displayed in the Argos Home catalogue are also available in the main catalogue too. In August 2008, Argos launched a new look Argos Home catalogue, with a new premium look on premium glossy paper, and made the catalogue available in all stores. A new Argos Home Catalogue is now published four times a year, instead of two.
Shopping in Argos
Customers are able to browse through the catalogue at home or in-store or can view over 24,000 products on the company's website. The Argos product range spans thirteen different categories as follows; Kitchen & Laundry, Home & Furniture, Garden & DIY, Sports & Leisure, Health & Personal Care, Jewellery & Watches, Gifts & Hobbies, Home Entertainment & Sat Nav, Video Games, Photography, Office PC’s & Phones, Toys & Games and Nursery.
If shopping in-store, the customer takes a list of catalogue numbers to a till, where the goods are paid for and the customer issued with a receipt. A picking ticket is then printed in the store's stockroom, and a member of staff picks the items and takes them to the collection area. When the goods arrive at the collection area the customer is called forward to receive them.
Most stores have an automated "Call Forward" system in place which issues customers with an order number and estimated collection time. The customer is called forward to the collection counter automatically once the estimated collection time is reached, sooner if staff override the system or later if there is a delay in the stockroom.
Many stores have a jewellery counter, where customers may view jewellery before purchasing and where specialist jewellery sales can take place such as rings and personalised jewellery. All stores also have the facility to remove links from watches purchased at Argos to ensure the correct sizing.
Quick Pay kiosks are available in all stores. Using a touchscreen terminal, customers can enter their catalogue numbers, pay by credit, debit or Argos store card and be issued with a receipt without the intervention of a cashier.
Argos are currently trialing 'Select and Pay' kiosks, these are located on the browser desks. This allows customers to choose and pay without having to move around the store.
To ensure that stock is available when a customer arrives in store, they are encouraged to use the "Check & Reserve" service before going into the store, either using the Argos website, telephone or text message service. This allows a customer to reserve stock until the end of the next working day, or order it into that store, depending on the store format. Customers who reserve items are issued with a reservation number which has traditionally been e-mailed to the customer but can now be sent in a free text message direct to the customers mobile phone. Once in store, this reservation number can either be presented to the cashier or entered into a Quick Pay terminal and the customer pays for the goods as usual. Customers can also check stock in-store using the stock checker terminals, saving them from queuing for items that may be out of stock.
Argos has a home delivery arm entitled Argos Direct, which allows delivery of most in-store items, and also a selection of larger goods in the catalogue which are set for delivery only; customers can order goods in-store or online for home delivery. Argos is currently trialling a new store system that allows Argos Direct orders to be placed from in-store terminals linked to the website.
An increasingly important part of the Argos business is its website. The majority of the 18,000 catalogue products (excl. some jewellery items) are available to either check and reserve or buy for home delivery through Argos Direct from the website along with some 6,000 further ‘internet only’ products. The Argos website was the most visited high street retail website in 2008 (according to Hitwise UK).
As well as argos.co.uk, Argos now offers a large range of DVDs and CDs through its new entertainment site Argosentertainment.co.uk. All items on the site include free delivery. A range of pay monthly contract mobile phones are also available through argospaymonthlymobiles.co.uk.
Argos also operates a returns policy, whereby for most products if the customer changes their mind, they may within 30 days of purchase return an item, in its original undamaged and unused condition, to any Argos store with their receipt for a refund or an exchange. There are exceptions to this returns policy, such as earrings and footspas which cannot be returned unless faulty due to hygiene reasons, games and software due to copyright reasons, and MP3 players, digital cameras, games consoles, satellite navigation units and digital television receivers due to customer security. Customers are advised to check the Argos website before making a return to ensure such products are returnable. Non-returnable products are marked clearly in the catalogue and on the website.
Differences between Argos and traditional retailers
The method of shopping in Argos differs from most traditional British and Irish high street retailers. Because most stock is held in stockrooms to which only staff have access, much more stock can be held per unit floor area than can be held in a traditional shop. Stock is typically housed in 3 metre high racks with numbered aisles, bays and shelves for fast and efficient acquirement of items. Argos often packages its goods in plain packaging or simple plastic bags, rather than smart packaging for shopfloor display. The fact that customers don't have direct access to most stock means that incidents of shoplifting and customers damaging stock are significantly reduced.
Because of the way Argos operates, less shop floorspace is required. However, a minimum of three staff members are required to serve each customer (one on the till, one to retrieve items from the stock room and one to hand out the customer's order). Most of the goods are available tightly packed over the counter, but larger items might be delivered straight to the customer's home a few days after their order is placed. Due to the demand for 'Argos Direct' the segment was separated in early 2008 with large home delivery only items being delivered by 'Argos Direct Blue Lorries' and smaller items that are usually store stocked being delivered by a third party, currently HDN 'Home Delivery Network'. Most Argos stores have small items stacked in the till area (light bulbs, batteries or items on special offer) for customers to purchase at tills.
Store formats
There are three main formats of Argos stores:
- "Call & Collect"
- These stores hold very little stock and specially order in products for collection by customers at a later date.
- "Extra Ordered In"
- These stores, which are essentially Traditional stores, hold the traditional Argos range (over 10,000 lines) and the "Extra" range can be ordered from the warehouse within three working days, depending on stock availability. Some stores hold part of the "Extra range"
- "Extra Stocked In"
- These stores, which are essentially Extra stores, some formerly known as "Argos Superstore", hold the full range of items (excluding "Home Delivery" items) from the catalogue, including the Extra range. The Extra range taken together with the traditional range is approximately a third larger than the traditional range alone, so most Extra stores tend to be in out of town retail parks, where more space is available at a lower cost.
Company information
In the financial year April 2003–March 2004, Argos had sales of over £3 billion. Argos has its head office at The Retail Centre of Excellence in Milton Keynes.
Argos used to own Argos Additions, but this is now owned by the Shop Direct Group and is known as Additions Direct. In June 2005, Argos purchased the Index brand from Littlewoods but are not currently using it. They also purchased 33 former Index stores which were converted into Argos stores.
Argos is the largest toy retailer in the United Kingdom.
Branding
Argos is the registered owner of a number of brands, which feature on a substantial number of products contained within the catalogue, including: Challenge[9], Pro Action[10], Visiq[11], Mikomi[12], Cookworks[13], Beanstalk[14], Pro Fitness[15], Opticom[16], Grosvenor[17], Steamworks[18], Aquarius[19], Coolworks[20], and Mega Games. In early 2009, Argos also struck a deal to take over the brands : Alba, Bush[21] and Chad Valley.[22]
Controversies
Sunday trading
In 2001, Argos sparked a political controversy in Scotland, when it sacked several workers for refusing to work on a Sunday.[23] This action would have been illegal in the rest of the U.K., as the Sunday Trading Act 1994 gave shopworkers in England and Wales the right to refuse Sunday work (unless they were employed to work solely on a Sunday). The 1994 Act did not apply to Scotland as there was no legislation regarding Sunday trading applicable to Scotland. Although Argos later retracted its decision to sack the workers and to enforce a Sunday working clause in Scottish employee contracts,[24] its actions led to the passing of the Sunday Working (Scotland) Act 2003 which extended the legal right of employees to refuse Sunday working to include shopworkers in Scotland.
Price fixing
In 2002, Argos, along with rival retailer Index, was accused by the Office of Fair Trading of price fixing goods from toy manufacturer Hasbro.[25] The decision reached in 2003 resulted in Argos being fined £17.28 million,[26] however, an appeal in 2005 led to that being reduced to £15 million.[27] Argos boss Terry Duddy gave evidence along with David Snow, Jonathan Ward, Alan Cowley and Ian Thompson.[28] As of 2005, Argos denies price fixing and is appealing the decision.
Furniture and skin burns
In 2008, Chinese manufactured sofas from Argos and other retailers Land of Leather and Walmsleys were featured in a BBC Watchdog report on skin irritation.[29] The Chinese manufacturer, LinkWise, denies that the furniture is to blame for the incidents. Watchdog praised Argos for its speedy voluntary recall of the affected products, compared to the two other retailers involved.
References
- ^ "Elizabeth Duke" trademark registration, UK Patent Office website. Information retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ "Mikomi" trademark registration (electronics), UK Patent Office website. Information retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ Trademark 2498304
- ^ Trademark 1016513
- ^ Argos trademarks, UK Patent Office website. Information retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ Milestones and Memories, Argos. Article retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ Argos attacks GUS offer
- ^ GUS reveals demerger plans
- ^ Trademark 789922
- ^ Trademark 2130732
- ^ Trademark 2189886
- ^ Trademark 2189887
- ^ Trademark 2189939
- ^ Trademark 2189941
- ^ Trademark 2266276
- ^ Trademark 2346292
- ^ Trademark 2369535
- ^ Trademark 2446698
- ^ Trademark 2421779
- ^ Trademark 2471774
- ^ Trademark 2498304
- ^ Trademark 1016513
- ^ "Sunday roasting for retailer", news.bbc.co.uk. Article dated 2002-07-01, retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ "Argos Sunday working climbdown", news.bbc.co.uk. Article dated 2002-07-01, retrieved 2006-11-06
- ^ "Inquiry into toy 'price fixing'", bbc.co.uk. Article dated 2002-05-01, retrieved 2007-03-04
- ^ oft.gov.uk, retrieved 2007-03-04
- ^ oft.gov.uk, retrieved 2007-03-04
- ^ Agreements between Hasbro U.K. Ltd, Argos Ltd and Littlewoods Ltd fixing the price of Hasbro toys and games, oft.gov.uk. Article dated 2002-02-19, retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ "BBC Watchdog - Itchy Sofas", bbc.co.uk. Article dated 2008-02-18, retrieved 2008-02-21
Related links
External links
- British Argos website
- Argos Ireland website
- Argos' Indian Website
- Home Retail Group Corporate Website
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