Arlington

 

Town (1990 pop. 44,630), Middlesex co., E Mass., a residential suburb of Boston; settled c.1630 as Menotomy, inc. as West Cambridge 1807, renamed Arlington 1867. The area was the scene of fierce fighting after the Lexington and Concord battles in 1775. Some 17th-century buildings remain.

Arlington, Massachusetts
Ice Harvesting on Spy Pond, from an 1854 Print.
Flag Image:Arlington-Seal.jpg Seal
Location in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°24′55″N 71°09′25″W / 42.41528, -71.15694
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Middlesex
Settled	1635
Incorporated	1807
Government
- Type	Representative town meeting
- Town Manager	Brian Sullivan
- Board of    Selectmen	Kevin F. Greeley Annie LaCourt Diane Mahon Clarissa Rowe John W. Hurd
Area
- Town	sq mi (km²)
- Land	sq mi ( km²)
- Water	sq mi ( km²)
Elevation	ft ( m)
Population (2000)
- Town
- Density	/sq mi (/km²)
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code	02474, 02476
Area code(s)	339 / 781
FIPS code	25-01605
GNIS feature ID	0619393
Website: http://www.arlingtonma.gov/

Arlington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, six miles (10 km) northwest of Boston. The population was 42,389 at the 2000 census.

History

The Town of Arlington was originally settled by European colonists in 1635 as a village within the boundary of Cambridge, Massachusetts under the name Menotomy, an Algonquian word meaning "swift running water". A larger area, including land that was later to become the town of Belmont, and outwards to the shore of the Mystic River, which had previously been part of Charlestown, was incorporated on February 27, 1807 as West Cambridge. In 1867 the name "Arlington" was chosen in honor of those buried in Arlington National Cemetery; the name change took effect that April 30.

The Massachusett tribe, part of the Algonquian group of Native Americans, lived around the Mystic Lakes, the Mystic River and Alewife Brook. By the time Europeans arrived, the local Indians had been devastated by disease; also, the tribal chief, Nanepashemet, had been killed by a rival tribe in about 1618 . Nanepashemet's widow, known to history only as "Squaw Sachem", sold the land of her tribe to the colonists for ten pounds, with provisions that she and her tribe could remain on her homestead land around the Mystic Lakes and continue hunting and farming. She also was to be given a new winter coat of wool each year for the rest of her life. She is thought to have lived until about 1650 .

Through the town also flows the stream called Mill Brook, which historically figured largely into Arlington's economy. In 1637 Captain George Cooke built the first mill in this area. Subsequently, seven mills were built along the stream, including the Old Schwamb Mill, which survives to this day. The Schwamb Mill has been a working mill since 1650, making it the longest working mill in the country.

Paul Revere's famous midnight ride to alert colonists took him through Menotomy^[1], now known as Arlington. Later on that first day of the American Revolution, more blood was shed in Menotomy than in the battles of Lexington and Concord combined. Minutemen from surrounding towns converged on Menotomy to ambush the British on their retreat from Concord and Lexington. All in all, 25 colonials were killed in Menotomy (half of all Americans killed in the day's battles), as well as 40 British troops (more than half their fatalities).

The Jason Russell House is today a museum which remembers those twelve Americans, including Russell himself, who were killed in and around this pictured dwelling on April 19th, 1775. Bullet holes are visible in the interior walls to this day.

In its early years, Arlington was a thriving farming community and had its own lettuce that was quite popular.^[2]

Arlington had a large ice industry on Spy Pond from the mid-1800s until the last ice house burned down in 1930; much of its ice was sent to the Caribbean and India by "Ice King" Frederic Tudor.

In 1979, the first spreadsheet software program, VisiCalc, was developed by Bob Frankston and Dan Bricklin in the attic of the Arlington apartment rented by Bob Frankston.^[3]

Arlington was the site of the accident which claimed the life of American cyclist Nicole Reinhart, a two-time Pan American Games winner. She was killed on September 17, 2000 when she was thrown from her bicycle during a cycling tournament.

Geography

Arlington covers 3,517.5 acres (14 km²), or 5.5 square miles, of which 286.2 acres (1.2 km²) are covered by water. There are 210.52 acres (0.9 km²) of parkland. Elevation ranges from 4 feet (1.2 m) above sea level (along Alewife Brook) to 377 feet (114.9 m) near Park Avenue and Eastern Avenue.

Arlington borders on the Mystic Lakes, Mystic River, and Alewife Brook. Within its borders are Spy Pond, the Arlington Reservoir, Mill Brook, and Hills Pond.

Adjacent towns

Arlington is located in Eastern Massachusetts and is bordered by six towns: Winchester to the north, Medford to the northeast, Somerville to the east, Cambridge to the southeast, Belmont to the south, and Lexington to the west.

Demographics

Arlington currently has approximately 42,000 residents. Based on the U.S. censuses, Arlington's population has been declining by an average of 7% per decade since 1970. (1970: 52,720; 2000: 42,389).

As of the census² of 2000, there were 42,389 people, 19,011 households, and 10,779 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,159.6/km² (8,179.6/mi²). There were 19,411 housing units at an average density of 1,446.8/km² (3,745.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.97% White, 1.70% African American, 0.13% Native American, 4.97% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.86% of the population.

There were 19,011 households out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% were unmarried partners, and 43.3% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town the population was spread out with 18.4% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 36.0% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $64,344, and the median income for a family was $78,741. Males had a median income of $52,352 versus $40,445 for females. The per capita income for the town was $34,399. About 2.4% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Arlington's executive branch consists of an elected five-member Board of Selectmen. The day-to-day operations are handled by a Town Manager hired by the Board of Selectmen. The legislative branch is made up of 252 Town Meeting Members, elected from the 21 precincts. The Town of Arlington technically has enough citizens to become the City of Arlington, but has not done so, in part because it would lose its ability to hold Town Meetings. These meetings can often last for at least a month, being held two nights a week until the issues are settled.

Arlington is part of the Massachusetts's 7th congressional district, the 4th Middlesex State Senatorial District, and the 23rd and 26th Middlesex State Representative Districts.

Education

Public schools

Arlington has a public school system with nine schools.[1] The seven elementary schools (K-5) are Brackett, Bishop, Thompson, Hardy, Peirce, Stratton, and Dallin. There is also a single middle school (grades 6-8), Ottoson, and the eponymous Arlington High School, which includes grades 9-12. In addition, Arlington is in the district served by the Minuteman Regional High School, located in Lexington, one of the top vocational-technical schools in Massachusetts.[2]

Private schools

There are two Catholic schools, Arlington Catholic High School, and one elementary/middle school, called St. Agnes.

Parks and historical sites

• Robbins Library contains the oldest continuously operated free children's library in the country.
• The Jason Russell House contains a museum that displays, among other items, a mastodon tusk found in Spy Pond in the late 1950s by a fisherman who originally thought he had brought up a tree branch.
• The Prince Hall Mystic Cemetery, the only black Freemason Cemetery in the country.
• Spy Pond Park provides access to the northeast shore of Spy Pond.
• Menotomy Rocks Park encompasses Hill Pond and has trails through the surrounding forested land.
• The Great Meadow comprises both swamp and forest right outside the border of Arlington. While the Great Meadow lies within the borders of Lexington, the park is owned and maintained by the Town of Arlington.
• The Minuteman Bikeway, a popular rail-trail built in 1992, passes through various Arlington neighborhoods, including Arlington Center.
• The water tower at Park Circle is an exact copy of the ancient Greek Arsinoeon of Samothrace.
• The Uncle Sam Memorial Statue commemorates native son Samuel Wilson, who was perhaps the original Uncle Sam.

See also

• List of Registered Historic Places in Arlington, Massachusetts

Notable residents

• Nate "Tiny" Archibald, guard for the Boston Celtics (1978–1983)^{[citation needed]}
• Sven Birkerts, essayist and literary critic (b. 1951)^{[citation needed]}
• Michael Bowman, actor Me, Myself and Irene^{[citation needed]}
• John Quincy Adams Brackett, Massachusetts Governor
• Christopher Castellani, writer^{[citation needed]}
• Andrew Chaikin, space journalist and author of A Man on the Moon, on which HBO based a miniseries
• Haroutioun Hovanes Chakmakjian, chemistry professor, Armenian scholar, and father of Alan Hovhaness^{[citation needed]}
• Dane Cook, comedian
• Robert Creeley, poet (1926–2005)^{[citation needed]}
• John J. Cullinane, founder of Cullinet Software, Inc.^{[citation needed]}
• Cyrus E. Dallin, sculptor (1861–1944), best known for the Appeal to the Great Spirit sculpture in front of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (See picture)
• Olympia Dukakis, actress, Academy Award winner (b. 1931)^[4]
• Bob Frankston, spreadsheet co-inventor^{[citation needed]}
• Roy J. Glauber, Nobel Prize winner (Physics), 2005^[5]
• Dr. George F. Grant, first black graduate of Harvard Dental School and inventor of a type of golf tee^{[citation needed]}
• Mike Holovak, former quarterback with the Boston Patriots^{[citation needed]}
• Alan Hovhaness, composer (1911–2000)
• John A. "Johnny" Kelley, Boston Marathon winner, 1935 and 1945, Olympian athlete
• Richard Lennon, Roman Catholic bishop
• Ray Magliozzi, Car Talk co-host^{[citation needed]}
• William J. McCarthy, President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT).
• Eugene Francis McGurl, US Army Air Forces 95th Bomb Sq., 17th Bomb Grp Navigator who flew with Crew 5 in General Jimmy Doolittle's famous "Thirty Seconds over Tokyo" raid in World War II
• Tom McNeeley, Jr., former heavyweight contender who challenged Floyd Patterson for the heavyweight title in Toronto in 1961
• Dave Powers, former Special Assistant to US President John F. Kennedy
• Herb Reed, founder/singer The Platters^[6]
• Ron Rivest, cryptographer (b. 1947)^{[citation needed]}
• Bill Robertie, backgammon, chess and poker player and author.^{[citation needed]}
• David "Chico" Ryan, bassist of Sha Na Na^{[citation needed]}
• Howard A. Sessler, US Army Air Forces 89th Recon. Squadron navigator/Bombardier who flew with Crew 15 in General Jimmy Doolittle's famous "Thirty Seconds over Tokyo" raid in World War II^{[citation needed]}
• Chris Smither, blues guitarist/singer^{[citation needed]}
• Mark J. Sullivan, Director of the United States Secret Service^[7]
• Francis Thompson, President of Moxie Co, son of Moxie inventor, funder of scholarships (to this day), namesake of Thompson Elementary School (18??–1939)^{[citation needed]}
• John Townsend Trowbridge, writer (1827–1916)
• Samuel Whittemore, elderly soldier in the Battle of Lexington and Concord
• Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson, singer/guitarist of Canned Heat^{[citation needed]}
• Samuel Wilson, meat-packer (1766–1854), namesake of "Uncle Sam"

Arlington in popular culture

• Two feature films have been shot partially in Arlington: The Out-of-Towners, starring Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn, and Once Around, starring Richard Dreyfuss and Holly Hunter.
• Two widely recognized television shows have been filmed in Arlington: This Old House and Trading Spaces.
• A History Channel special, "Bible Battles", was filmed in Arlington.
• Arlington is referenced in the movie The Verdict starring Paul Newman. South Boston's K Street takes the place of Arlington in the movie.
• The music video for "Sing" by The Dresden Dolls was shot at the Regent Theatre in Arlington Center.

Organizations based in Arlington

• Shishu Bharati, Indian school

Sister cities

• Nagaokakyo, Kyoto, Japan
• Teosinte, El Salvador

References

External links

Town-wide

• Official town web site
• arlington-mass.com is a community website for Arlington
• The Advocate - Arlington's weekly newspaper
• The Arlington List (mailing list for Arlington residents)
• Webcast of magazine-format Arlington Cable Access TV show The Menotomy Journal
• Arlington LiveJournal Community
• Arlington Emergency Management Agency/Auxiliary Fire/Explorer Post 911

Maps and state info

Coordinates: 42.417896° N 71.165722° W

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