Pamphlet featuring the portrait and signature of Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel
Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel (c. 1511-1580) was an
English nobleman, who over his long life assumed a prominent place at the court of all the later Tudor sovereigns, probably the
only person to do so. (Note that some sources number him as 12th Earl of Arundel.)
He was the only son of William FitzAlan, 18th Earl of Arundel,
and his second wife Anne Percy, daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of
Northumberland, and was named for Henry VIII, who personally stood as his
godfather at his baptism.
At 15, Arundel became a page at king Henry's court. When he came of age, in 1533, he was summoned to Parliament as Lord
Maltravers, a subsidiary title of his father, who was still alive. He attended the trials of Anne
Boleyn and her alleged lover Lord Rochford in 1536.
In 1540 he was appointed deputy of Calais. He remained there, improving the fortifications at his own expense, until his
father's death in 1543/4. He returned to England to assume the earldom, and was made a Knight of the Garter. War with France soon brought him back to the continent, where he spent much of
1544. He then returned to England, where the king appointed him Lord Chamberlain.
After Henry's death in 1547, Arundel was Lord High Constable at
Edward VI's coronation. He continued as Lord Chamberlain, and in addition, by the
terms of Henry's will, was designated one of the council of 12 assistant executors. The advent of the new king's uncle
Edward Seymour (later Duke of Somerset) as Lord Protector negated
Arundel's influence however, and he soon became a prominent advocate of Seymour's removal in favor of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick (later Duke of Northumberland).
Seymour was in fact deposed and sent to the Tower of London in 1549, with Arundel and
Warwick among the leaders of the new governing group. Warwick soon became jealous of Arundel's influence, created a series of
trumped-up charges, and had him removed from office and placed under house arrest. Arundel was eventually cleared of the charges,
but the experience pushed him into the camp of the Duke of Somerset (who had been released from the tower). When Somerset was
again arrested in 1551, Arundel was implicated in some of his plots, and was himself arrested and imprisoned for a year. He was
eventually pardoned from these charges (whose truth was again somewhat dubious) and returned to his place on the governing
council.
He found the council contemplating the succession in view of the declining health of King Edward. Arundel opposed
Northumberland's plan to declare the king's sisters illegitimate, but after Edward's death he ostensibly went along with the
council as it prepared to proclaim Lady Jane Grey the new sovereign. Meanwhile, he
secretly wrote to Princess Mary, informing her of her brother's death (which was not
yet public knowledge) and warning her of the plans afoot to bypass her. He continued to publicly support Lady Jane, but at the
same time, after secret meetings with other supporters of Mary, arranged for the proclamation of Mary as queen by the citizens of
London. Taking the great seal, he then rode off to Framlingham, where Mary was staying.
At Mary's coronation, Arundel was for the second time High Constable, and was then appointed Lord Steward of the royal household. He served in various roles in her court, being, for example, one of
the nobles who received her husband Philip II of Spain when he landed at
Southampton.
Although Queen Elizabeth did not trust him, he was too powerful to be slighted
or ignored, and so he was retained in his various offices when she ascended the throne. For the third time, he had a high place
at a royal coronation.
Arundel took part in some of the many conspiracies of Elizabeth's reign, and, while he was at times placed under house arrest,
he retained his properties and titles. In the 1998 film Elizabeth, he was
portrayed by Edward Hardwicke.
Arundel married twice. His first wife was Katherine, daughter of Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset. By her he had one son, Henry
Lord Maltravers (1538-56), and 2 daughters: Jane (d. 1576/7), who married John Lord Lumley,
and Mary (d. 1557), who married Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk,
and whose son Philip, eventually inherited the Earldom of
Arundel.
His second wife was Mary, daughter of Sir John Arundell of a prominent Cornish family, and widow of Richard Ratcliffe, 1st
Earl of Sussex. They had no children.
Arundel's portrait was painted several times, including once by Hans Holbein.
References
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