Atyrau
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A·ty·rau
A city of western Kazakhstan at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea. Founded in 1645 as a military outpost, it was a fishing port until the development of the region's petroleum resources in the 1930s. Population: 145,000.
Atyrau (ä'tērou'), formerly Guryev (gūr'yĭf), city (1993 est. pop. 151,000), W Kazakhstan, on the Ural River and near the Caspian Sea. A port, rail center, and an industrial base of the Emba basin oil fields, it has refineries, petrochemical complexes, and varied manufactures. Fishing is also important. The city is linked by oil pipelines with Samara and Novorossiysk. Founded in 1645, it became a military outpost in 1647. Atyrau was a fishing center until the development of the region's petroleum industry in the 1930s.
Dialing Code:
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The telephone dialing code for: Guryev, Kazakhstan
The country code is: 7
The city code is: 312
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Atyrau
| Atyrau Атырау |
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 Atyrau
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| Coordinates: 47°07′N 51°53′E / 47.117°N 51.883°E | |||
| Country | Kazakhstan | ||
| Province | Atyrau Province | ||
| Founded | 1640 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Akim (mayor) | Askar Kerimov | ||
| Population (01-01-2007) | |||
| • Total | 154,100 | ||
| Time zone | UTC+5 (UTC+5) | ||
| Postal code | 060001 - 060011 | ||
| Area code(s) | +7 7122 | ||
| Website | http://www.e-atyrau.kz | ||
Atyrau (Kazakh: Атырау, pronounced [ɑtərɑ́w]; Russian: Атырау [ɐtᵻˈrau]), known as Guryev (Russian: Гурьев [ˈɡurʲjɪf]) until 1991, is a transcontinental city in Kazakhstan, and the capital of Atyrau Province. It is located at the mouth of the Ural River, 2700 kilometers west of Almaty and 350 kilometers east of the Russian city of Astrakhan. Other transliterations include Aterau, Atirau, Atyraw, Atyraou, Atırav, Atıraw.
Modern Atyrau is famous for its oil and fish industries. It has 154,100 inhabitants (2007, up from 142,500 (1999 census)), 90% ethnic Kazakhs (up from 80%), the rest being mostly Russians and other ethnic groups such as Tatars and Ukrainians. Since October 2006, its mayor is Salimzhan Naqpayev.
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Contents
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History
The wooden fort at the mouth of the Yaik River was founded in 1645 as Nizhny Yaitzky gorodok (literally, Lower Yaik Fort) by the Russian trader Gury Nazarov, a native of Yaroslavl, who specialized in trade with Khiva and Bukhara. The fort was plundered by the Yaik Cossacks, leading the Guriev family to rebuild it in stone (1647–62). Tsar Alexis sent a garrison of Streltsy to protect the fort from Cossack incursions. Despite these efforts, the Cossack rebel Stepan Razin held the town in 1667 and 1668. The fort gradually lost its strategic significance and was demolished in 1810. Between 1708 and 1992 the city was known as Guriev.
Geography
Atyrau (together with Aktau) is Kazakhstan's main harbour city on the Caspian Sea at the delta of the Ural River. Atyrau city is approximately 20 meters below sea level. The city is considered by many to be located both in Asia and Europe, as it is divided by the Ural River.
The city is a hub for the oil-rich Caspian Depression; because of this, many oil wells have been drilled in the Tengiz Field and Kashagan Field areas. A pipeline runs from Atyrau to Samara, where it joins the Russian pipeline system. A separate oil pipeline runs from the Tengiz field to the Russian Black Sea port of Novorossiisk.
Climate
| Climate data for Atyrau | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6 (21) |
−4 (25) |
2 (36) |
15 (59) |
23 (73) |
28 (82) |
31 (88) |
30 (86) |
23 (73) |
13 (55) |
4 (39) |
−2 (28) |
13.1 (55.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10 (14) |
−8 (18) |
−2 (28) |
9 (48) |
17 (63) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
23 (73) |
16 (61) |
7 (45) |
1 (34) |
−6 (21) |
8 (46.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −14 (7) |
−13 (9) |
−6 (21) |
3 (37) |
11 (52) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
2 (36) |
−3 (27) |
−10 (14) |
2.6 (36.6) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 10 (0.39) |
10 (0.39) |
10 (0.39) |
10 (0.39) |
10 (0.39) |
20 (0.79) |
20 (0.79) |
10 (0.39) |
20 (0.79) |
10 (0.39) |
20 (0.79) |
10 (0.39) |
160 (6.3) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 40 |
| Source: Weatherbase [1] | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- ^ "Weatherbase: Weather for Atyrau, Kazakhstan". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=753&refer=&units=us. Retrieved on November 23, 2011.
External links
- City administration website
- Information site on Kazakhstan
- Renaissance Atyrau Hotel is a modern and stylish hotel in Atyrau, the oil capital of Kazakhstan, member of Marriott family
- Photos Atyrau (Russian)
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