auld lang syne

	Auld Lang Syne Frank C. Stanley's 1910 performance of Auld Lang Syne. Contains the first and last verse.
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	Auld Lang Syne United States Navy Band instrumental performance
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"Auld Lang Syne" (Scots pronunciation: [ˈɔːl(d) lɑŋˈsəin]: note "s" rather than "z")^[1] is a Scots poem thought to have been written by Robert Burns in 1788^[2][3] and set to the tune of a traditional folk song (Roud # 6294). It is well known in many countries, especially in the English-speaking world; its traditional use being to celebrate the start of the New Year at the stroke of midnight. By extension, it is also sung at funerals, graduations and as a farewell or ending to other occasions. The international Boy Scout youth movement, in many countries, uses it as a close to jamborees and other functions.

The song's Scots title may be translated into English literally as "old long since", or more idiomatically, "long long ago",^[4] "days gone by" or "old times". Consequently "For auld lang syne", as it appears in the first line of the chorus, is loosely translated as "for (the sake of) old times".

The phrase "Auld Lang Syne" is also used in similar poems by Robert Ayton (1570–1638), Allan Ramsay (1686–1757), and James Watson (1711) as well as older folk songs predating Burns.^[5] Matthew Fitt uses the phrase "In the days of auld lang syne" as the equivalent of "Once upon a time..." in his retelling of fairy tales in the Scots language.

History

Robert Burns sent a copy of the original song to the Scots Musical Museum with the remark, "The following song, an old song, of the olden times, and which has never been in print, nor even in manuscript until I took it down from an old man."^{[6][page needed]} Some of the lyrics were indeed "collected" rather than composed by the poet; the ballad "Old Long Syne" printed in 1711 by James Watson shows considerable similarity in the first verse and the chorus to Burns' later poem,^[5] and is almost certainly derived from the same "old song". It is a fair supposition to attribute the rest of the poem to Burns himself.^[6]

There is some doubt as to whether the melody used today is the same one Burns originally intended, but it is widely used in Scotland and in the rest of the world.^[3][7]

Singing the song on Hogmanay or New Year's Eve very quickly became a Scots custom that soon spread to other parts of the British Isles. As Scots (not to mention English, Welsh and Irish people) emigrated around the world, they took the song with them.

Canadian band leader Guy Lombardo is often credited with popularising the use of the song at New Year’s celebrations in America, through his annual broadcasts on radio and television, beginning in 1929. The song became his trademark. In addition to his live broadcasts, Lombardo recorded the song more than once. His first recording was in 1939. A later recording on 29 September 1947 was issued as a single by Decca Records as catalogue #24260.^[8]

Earlier newspaper articles describe revellers on both sides of the Atlantic singing the song to usher in the New Year:

• "Holiday Parties at Lenox" (Massachusetts, USA) (1896) – The company joined hands in the great music room at midnight and sang “Auld Lang Syne” as the last stroke of 12 sounded and the new year came in.^[9]
• "New Year's Eve in London" (London, England) (1910) – Usual Customs Observed by People of All Classes… The passing of the old year was celebrated in London much as usual. The Scottish residents gathered outside of St. Paul's Church and sang “Auld Lang Syne” as the last stroke of 12 sounded from the great bell.^[10]

A manuscript of "Auld Lang Syne" is held in the permanent collection of The Lilly Library at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.^[11]

Lyrics

The song begins by posing a rhetorical question as to whether it is right that old times be forgotten, and is generally interpreted as a call to remember long-standing friendships.^[12] Thomson’s Select Songs of Scotland was published in 1799 in which the second verse about greeting and toasting was moved to its present position at the end.^[12]

Most common use of the song involves only the first verse and the chorus. The last lines of both of these are often sung with the extra words "For the sake of" or "And days of", rather than Burns' simpler lines. This allows one note for each word, rather than the slight melisma required to fit Burns' original words to the melody.

The following table of lyrics includes the first few stanzas of the James Watson poem, probably derived from the same folk song that Burns used as the basis for his poem.

^† dine = "dinner time"
^‡ ch = soft sound, at the back of the mouth like [k] but with the mouth partly open like /f/. Similar to "Bach" in German
^* syne = "since" or "then" - pronounced "sign" rather than "zine".

Melody

The tune to which "Auld Lang Syne" is now commonly sung is a pentatonic Scots folk melody, probably originally a sprightly dance in a much quicker tempo.^[12]

English composer William Shield seems to quote the "Auld Lang Syne" melody briefly at the end of the overture to his opera Rosina, which may be its first recorded use. The contention that Burns borrowed the melody from Shield is for various reasons highly unlikely, although they may very well both have taken it from a common source, possibly a strathspey called The Miller's Wedding or The Miller's Daughter. The problem is that tunes based on the same set of dance steps necessarily have a similar rhythm, and even a superficial resemblance in melodic shape may cause a very strong apparent similarity in the tune as a whole. For instance, Burns' poem Coming Through the Rye is sung to a tune that might also be based on the Miller's Wedding. The origin of the tune of God Save the Queen presents a very similar problem and for just the same reason, as it is also based on a dance measure. (See the note in the William Shield article on this subject.)

In 1855, different words were written for the Auld Lang Syne tune by Albert Laighton and titled, "Song of the Old Folks." This song was included in the tunebook, Father Kemp's Old Folks Concert Tunes published in Boston, Massachusetts in 1860.^[14]

Songwriter George M. Cohan quotes the first line of the "Auld Lang Syne" melody in the second to last line of the chorus of You're a Grand Old Flag. It is plain from the lyrics that this is deliberate.

John Philip Sousa quotes the melody in the Trio section of his 1924 march "Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company"

Uses

At New Year

"Auld Lang Syne" is traditionally sung at the conclusion of New Year gatherings in Scotland and around the world, especially in English-speaking countries.

It is common practice that everyone joins hands with the person next to them to form a great circle around the dance floor. At the beginning of the last verse, everyone crosses their arms across their breast, so that the right hand reaches out to the neighbour on the left and vice versa. When the tune ends, everyone rushes to the middle, while still holding hands. When the circle is re-established, everyone turns under the arms to end up facing outwards with hands still joined.

In countries other than Scotland the hands are often crossed from the beginning of the song at variance with Scottish custom. The Scottish practice was demonstrated by the Queen at the Millennium Dome celebrations for the year 2000. The English press berated her for not "properly" crossing her arms, unaware that she was correctly following the Scottish tradition.^[15][16]

Other than New Year

As well as celebrating the New Year, Auld Lang Syne is very widely used to symbolise other "endings/new beginnings" – including farewells, funerals, graduations, the end of a (non-New Year) party or a Boy Scout gathering, the election of a new government, the last lowering of the Union Jack as a British Colony achieves independence and even the closing of a retail store. The melody is also widely used for other words, especially the songs of sporting and other clubs, and even national anthems. In Scotland and other parts of Britain, in particular, it is associated with celebrations and memorials of Robert Burns. The following list of specific uses is far from comprehensive.

In the English-speaking world

• In Scotland, it is often sung at the end of a céilidh or a dance.
• In many Burns Clubs, it is sung at the end of the Burns supper.
• In Great Britain, it is played at the close of the annual Congress (conference) of the Trades Union Congress.
• The song is sung at the end of the Last Night of the Proms by the audience (rather than the performers) and so it is not often listed on the official programme.
• The song is played at the Passing Out Parade of Young Officers in the Royal Navy as the march up the steps of the Britannia Royal Naval College – to the beat of the slow march, after the tune "Will ye no come back?". This custom is also followed in Naval and Military colleges in many other countries, especially members and former members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Examples include the Royal Military College of Canada, the Royal Military College (Malaysia), the National Defence Academy (India),^[17] the Indian Military Academy, the Officers Training Academy(India), the Pakistan Military Academy, and at the equivalent colleges in Burma and Nigeria.
• The song is played at the Commissioning Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst for young officers joining the British Army as the cadets march up the steps of the famous Old College building.
• The song is sung by senior cadets in the Texas A & M University Corps of Cadets during the annual Final Review which occurs after commencement and commissioning ceremonies on campus. The song is sung at the start of "2nd Pass" during which the outgoing class of seniors stand by and watch the remaining classes of cadets pass in review.
• Since 2007, the melody has been used as an introduction to the mass chorus of America the Beautiful that is played by the twelve finalist corps at the Finals Retreat at the Drum Corps International World Championships. Coincidentally, "Auld Lang Syne" and "America the Beautiful" have the same metre, and the lyrics can be sung interchangeably.
• In the Sacred Harp choral tradition, an arrangement of it exists under the name "Plenary". The lyrics are a memento mori and begin with the words "Hark! from the tomb a doleful sound".
• Another Christian arrangement, once popular in India, is "Hail! Sweetest, Dearest Tie That Binds" by Amos Sutton.^[18]
• In the United States, the song is used as a song of remembrance at memorial events. The University of Virginia's alma mater ("The Good Old Song") is also sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne".
• In The United States of America, it is sung at the end of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks Memorial Ceremony to honor their "absent members", those who have died.

In non-English-speaking countries

• In Peru, there is a song based in this melody, it is called "Jipi Jay". It is also used as a farewell song, however, due to its interpretation (afro-Peruvian), it is less sad.
• In Germany the song is called "Nehmt Abschied Brüder" and is widely used as a farewell song by the members of the DPSG, the largest German scout organization.
• In India, the melody was the direct inspiration for the popular Bengali song "Purano shei diner kotha" (Memories of the Good Old Days) composed by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, and forms one of the more recognisable tunes in Rabindra Sangeet (Rabindra's Songs), a body of work of 2,230 songs and lyrical poems that form the backbone of Bengali music.
• In Chile, the melody is sung in Spanish as a funeral farewell song, especially in the Catholic Church: "Llegó la hora de decir adiós, digamos, al partir, nuestra canción". ("It's time to say goodbye, let's sing, while we leave, this song"). In fact, the melody is known as "Canción del adiós" ("Farewell Song").
• In Mexico the song is very popular, both at farewell parties and at the end of Scout gatherings, normally around a big fire, which appears in the words. The words are sung in Spanish "No es más que un hasta luego, no es más que un breve adiós, muy pronto junto al fuego nos reunirá el Señor" (It is just "see you later", it is just a brief farewell, soon around the fire, the Lord will bring us together).
• In China students sing the song in Chinese for friendship. The translation would probably be, 'Friendship for ever' (友谊地久天长). It is also sung at student graduations and funerals. It has the meaning of the ending of relationships.
• In Denmark, the song was translated in 1927 by the famous Danish poet Jeppe Aakjær. Much like Robert Burns' use of dialect, Aakjær translated the song into the Danish dialect sallingbomål, a dialect from the northern part of western Jutland, south of the Limfjord, often hard for other Danes to understand. The song Skuld gammel venskab rejn forgo ("Should auld acquantaince be forgot" — Scots / "Should old acquaintance be forgotten" — English), is an integral part of the Danish Højskole tradition, and often associated with more rural areas and old traditions. Also, the former Danish rock group Gasolin modernised the melody in 1974 with their pop ballad Stakkels Jim ("Poor Jim").
• In Finland Auld Lang Syne is best known under name "Tää ystävyys ei raukene", "This friendship shall never end", the song is not as common as the original is in English-speaking countries.
• In France this song is known as Ce n'est qu'un au revoir mes frères ("This is just a goodbye my brothers"), and is sung for farewells.
• In Greece it is very commonly sung translated by the Scouts of Greece. It has the name "Τραγούδι Αποχωρισμού" meaning "Song of Farewell" and it is part of the ending ceremony of scouting Camping trips.^[19]
• In Hungary, this song is often sung by school-leavers at their graduation. The song is translated to Régi, régi dal ("Old, old song").
• 

  

  

  Japanese version of Auld Lang Syne. This song is called 蛍の光 in Japan ("Hotaru no hikari", meaning "Glow of a firefly"). 1m00s
  In Japan, the Japanese students' song Hotaru no hikari ("Glow of a firefly") uses the "Auld Lang Syne" tune. The words describe a series of images of hardships that the industrious student endures in his relentless quest for knowledge, starting with the firefly’s light, which the student uses to keep studying when he has no other light sources. It is commonly heard in graduation ceremonies and at the end of the school day. Many stores and restaurants play it to usher customers out at the end of a business day. The national broadcaster, NHK, also plays this during New Year celebrations.
• Before the composition of Aegukga, the lyrics of Korea’s national anthem were sung to the tune of this song until composer Ahn Eak-tai composed a new melody to the existing lyrics. Like Japan and Taiwan, it is now used in South Korea as a graduation song and a farewell song to friends or at funerals.
• Before 1972, it was the tune for the Gaumii salaam anthem of The Maldives (with the current words).
• In the Netherlands the melody is most known for the Dutch football song Wij houden van Oranje (We love Orange) performed by André Hazes.
• In Belgium, the original Burns' version is sung among students during a typical cantus. A Dutch adaptation is more widely known among the general population of Flanders and the Netherlands as Ik zeg je geen vaarwel mijn vriend, wij zien elkander weer ("I will not say goodbye, my friend, we will meet once again").
• In Poland the Braterski krąg (Brotherly Circle) song is set to the same tune. It is traditionally sung by the members of the Polish scouting movement as the penultimate song during their meetings. The lyrics, loosely based on the original, are widely known for their last two verses that could be translated as By another campfire on another night we'll see each other again.
• In Sudan it was translated into Arabic by MR Ahmed Mohammed Saad in (Bakhat ALridha) institute in 1951. And it is commonly used in new year and graduation ceremonies.
• In Taiwan, the tune is generally associated with funeral services. It is played by brass bands which specialise in funerals. It is also sung at graduation ceremonies.
• In Thailand, the song Samakkhi Chumnum (สามัคคีชุมนุม,Together in unity), which is set to the familiar melody, is sung after sports, and at the end of Boy Scout jamborees as well as for the New Year. The meaning is about the King and national unity. It is commonly believed to be a Thai traditional song.
• In Zimbabwe, the melody is sung in Shona as a funeral farewell song, "Famba zvinyoronyoro, tichasanganiswa muropa ra Jesu", literally, go well, we will be united in the blood of Christ.

Use in films

• It has been used in a number of films, perhaps the first being the film John Ford' s The Black Watch (1929).It was followed by One Way Passage (1932), which stars William Powell. This was an instrumental version.
• The song is sung in many of the films produced by Frank Capra, including Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) (during Jefferson Smith's acceptance speech for his new appointment to the US Senate), and It's a Wonderful Life (1946) (the second song sung after George Bailey's brother returns at the end of the film).
• In the Shirley Temple film Wee Willie Winkie (1937), Shirley sings the song to a Scottish soldier on his death bed.
• The song has been used in the film Waterloo Bridge (1940) —under the name of "The Farewell Waltz"— starring Vivien Leigh and Robert Taylor.
• The W.S. Van Dyke film I Take This Woman (1940), starring Spencer Tracy and Hedy Lamarr, uses the song at the film's finale, with the patients and staff of a clinic singing it a cappella; the finale of It's a Wonderful Life (1946) is a direct echo of this presentation.
• It was also used in the 1942 re-release of the Charlie Chaplin film The Gold Rush with added sound, the song is sung at a New Year's Eve party. It is not certain if the same song was sung when the original silent film was released in 1925.
• Friz Freleng's cartoon The Wabbit Who Came to Supper (1942) has Bugs Bunny suddenly claim that it is New Year's Day to stop Elmer Fudd from chasing him. Bugs starts singing "Auld Lang Syne," only to have Elmer look at a calendar and realize that it is actually July.
• It was used, unsung, as dance music in the 1944 musical Meet Me In St. Louis starring Judy Garland.
• In the Akira Kurosawa film Scandal (1950), the song is sung on Christmas Eve in a bar. Takashi Shimura, portraying a second-rate and sometimes dishonest lawyer, hears Bokuzen Hidari resolve to be better for his family. Shimura makes the same resolution, and the two drunken men sing "Auld Lang Syne" until everyone in the bar joins in the song.
• In the Samuel Fuller film The Steel Helmet (1951), the film's main character, Sgt. Zack, requests that the song be played by "Fat Paul" on a portable organ. The group of American soldiers is shocked to find out, after a South Korean boy who has accompanied them recognizes and sings Korean lyrics to the tune, that the melody also serves as the South Korean national anthem.
• It was sung by submarine crew members celebrating New Year's topside in the Blake Edwards film Operation Petticoat (1959), starring Cary Grant and Tony Curtis.
• Shirley MacLaine and Fred MacMurray attend a New Year's Eve celebration near the end of the film The Apartment (1960). As the clock chimes in the new year, the attendees sing "Auld Lang Syne" when MacLaine's character Fran Kubelik decides to leave her lover.
• In the Ronald Neame/Irwin Allen film The Poseidon Adventure (1972), the song is sung by the ship's passengers at midnight on New Year's Eve, moments before the ship is struck by a tidal wave and capsized.
• The music has also been used in game shows on American television, most notably when the sign changed every year on the CBS Match Game and during the credits on the final episode of the original Concentration in 1973.
• In The Quiet Earth (1985), Zac and Joanne sing it the during an evening celebration after meeting Api, the third person left on Earth.
• In Out of Africa (1985), the song is sang by a largely British crowd depicting settlers in British East Africa, but the singing was cut off by a woman who wanted the crowd to sing God save the Queen, much to the chagrin of Karen Blixen (played by Meryl Streep), a Danish woman and the film's main protagonist.
• In the Bernardo Bertolucci film The Last Emperor (1987), a small Chinese orchestra plays the song on traditional Chinese instruments as the emperor's tutor, Reginald Johnston, boards a ship to leave China and return to England.
• In(1988) film Young Guns, as John Tunsels boys ride back to the ranch at the dawn of New Years Day.
• Towards the end of Ghostbusters II (1989), thousands of citizens of New York City sing "Auld Lang Syne," at last united in a moment of peace and love after their collective negativity, which had long been feeding power to the evil Vigo the Carpathian, and in that way weakening the revenant sorcerer enough for the Ghostbusters to defeat him.
• The song was played in When Harry Met Sally (1989) at the New Year's party in which Harry states he never fully understood what the song meant. He says, "I mean, 'Should old acquaintance be forgot?' Does that mean that we should forget old acquaintances, or does it mean if we happened to forget them, we should remember them, which is not possible because we already forgot 'em?"
• Forrest's New Year's celebration with Lt. Dan in New York City, in Forrest Gump (1994), has the drunk collective singing "Auld Lang Syne" to welcome in the new year.
• It was also used in the Triad Trilogy Infernal Affairs (2002) which uses the tune in the second film when a triad has finished killing a gang boss.
• Sofie Fatale's cell phone ringtone in the film Kill Bill Volume 1 (2003) is "Auld Lang Syne."
• The song is sung in the comedy Elf (2003) by Buddy's (Will Ferrell) girlfriend Jovie as Buddy opens gifts with his father and stepmother on Christmas Day.
• The American PBS television series Great Performances program titled "Garrison Keillor's New Year's Eve Special" (2006) had the audience sing an adaptation of the lyrics with a humorous last verse: "I think of all the great, high hearts I had when I was young / And now who are these sad old farts I find myself among?"
• In the Rat Pack-movie Ocean's 11 from 1960, you hear the song while Frank Sinatra, Peter Lawford and their crew are robbing casinos on The Las Vegas Strip at New Year's Eve.
• In the 2008 film Sex and the City, a recording by Scottish singer Mairi Campbell is used during a montage depicting the characters' actions at New Year's. The recording is notable for its use of the original melody as opposed to the commonly performed melody sung today. It is also in contrast to the joyous and jubilant arrangements commonly heard on celebratory occasions, as it consists merely of an acoustic guitar and strings accompanying Campbell's vocals.
• It is sung by 'Harry' in one of the opening scenes of The Time Traveler's Wife (2009).
• In the 2009 movie A Brand New Life, it is sung by a couple of times in Korea by kids in an orphanage.
• In 2009, the channel AMC promoted The Three Stooges New Year's Eve marathon by adding the Auld Lang Syne with the clips in the commercials.
• In the 1935 film, Gunga Din, the song can be heard at the end of the film when a general is reading aloud the poem of Gunga Din, honoring the fallen warrior.
• In the film, New Year's Eve (2011), the song is sung by Lea Michele when the clock strikes 12 in Times Square, in front of thousands of people celebrating the new year.
• In the 1979 film More American Graffiti, the film ends with its characters singing the song across its four vignettes as the film depicts events of four consecutive New Year's Eves from 1964-1967.

Some notable performances

• In October 2000, it was played as the body of former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau left Parliament Hill in Ottawa for the last time, going to Montreal for the state funeral.
• On the sinking of the Japanese ship Montevideo Maru in World War II, carrying 1,053 Australians (mostly POWs), the Australians in the water sang this for their trapped mates as the ship went down. Surviving Japanese crewman Yosiaki Yamaji remembers being deeply moved by this.
• In Pakistan, the tune was played at the formal resignation of President Pervez Musharraf as the country's Chief of Army Staff.
• On 30 November 2009, students and staff at the University of Glasgow sang the song in 41 different languages simultaneously.^[20]
• In Dunedin, New Zealand, a city with rich Scottish heritage and roots, it was sung after the last ever Rugby Union test match at the famous Carisbrook Stadium between the New Zealand All Blacks and Wales on 19 June 2010.

Notable covers and renditions

• Jimi Hendrix can be heard playing a version of the song on the 1999 'Live at Fillmore East' recording of a December 31, 1969, concert.
• Brian Fallon recorded a version with some of his own lyrics on his first release The Coffeehouse Sessions.
• Me First and the Gimme Gimmes covered the song on the album Ruin Jonny's Bar Mitzvah.
• Elvis Presley released his version on his album Elvis - New Year's Eve '76 (Live In Pittsburgh).
• Canadian band Barenaked Ladies performed a rendition of the song "Auld Lang Syne" on their 2004 album, Barenaked for the Holidays.
• Billy Joel sang and released "Auld Lang Syne" in his live CD titled 2000 Years: The Millennium Concert, and is known to play the song both lyrically or piano solo in his concerts during holiday seasons.
• Kenny G recorded a saxophone version of the song in 1999 to commemorate the Millennium.
• Bobby Darin recorded a Christmas version in 1960, titled "Christmas Auld Lang Syne."
• Prince performed "Auld Lang Syne" on 12/31/87 with Miles Davis, and transitioned into "Purple Rain" to the same chords as "Purple Rain."
• Mariah Carey covered the song for her 13th studio album, Merry Christmas II You, and released it as the album's second single on December 14, 2010.^[21]
• American country-pop singer Juice Newton included a gospel version of "Auld Lang Syne" on her 2007 The Gift of Christmas album.
• Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean sang "Auld Lang Syne" on his 1996 Tribute album.
• Tom Waits uses "Auld Lang Syne" as the motif of the song "New Year's Eve" on his 2011 album Bad as Me and also as the intro to "A Sight for Sore Eyes" on his 1977 album Foreign Affairs.
• Josh Ritter interpolates the melody of "Auld Lang Syne" into the end of "Bone of Song" from his 2003 album Hello Starling.
• The melody also appears as a coda to the song "Asleep" by the Smiths.
• Credited to Lyn Duddy and Jerry Bresler, Bobby Vinton recorded a version with a new set of lyrics entitled "My Christmas Prayer". It was released on the album A Very Merry Christmas in 1964.
• "Same Auld Lang Syne" is a song released in 1980 by Dan Fogelberg about an autobiographical chance meeting of two former lovers on Christmas Eve. It ends by melding into a saxophone playing "Auld Lang Syne".
• The Coasters released a version of the song that can by heard on the album Gospel Greats: Voices from Heaven.^[22]

References

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External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Auld Lang Syne

Wikisource has original text related to this article: "Auld Lang Syne" in NSRW

• Auld Lang Syne Sheet Music
• Auld Lang Syne in Russian tool music (Quartet SKAZ Moskow)
• McKellar, Kenneth. "Auld Lang Syne (in Scots)" (MP3). http://www.maybole.org/community/celebrations/christmas/greetings/AuldLangSyne2.mp3. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
• Scotland on TV Auld Lang Syne video performance with lyrics
• Article on songs variant perceptions

Variant lyrics

• "Standard English Translation" at The World Burns Club
• Multiple versions and tunes at The Mudcat Cafe's "Digital Traditions"

v d e Poetry by Robert Burns "Comin' Thro' the Rye" (1782) "John Barleycorn" (1782) "Address to the Deil" (1785) "Epitaph for James Smith" (1785) Halloween (1785) Holy Willie's Prayer (1785) "To a Mouse" (1785) The Kilmarnock volume (1786) "To a Louse" (1786) "To a Mountain Daisy" (1786) "The Battle of Sherramuir" (1787) "The Birks of Aberfeldy" (1787) "Auld Lang Syne" (1788) Tam o' Shanter (1790) "Ae Fond Kiss" (1791) "Sweet Afton" (1791) "The Slave's Lament" (1792) "Oh, whistle and I'll come to you, my lad" (1793) "Scots Wha Hae" (1793) "A Red, Red Rose" (1794) "Is There for Honest Poverty" (1795)