Auriga

Auriga

Constellation
List of stars in Auriga
Abbreviation	Aur
Genitive	Aurigae
Pronunciation	/ɔːˈraɪɡə/ Auríga, genitive /ɔːˈraɪdʒiː/[1]
Symbolism	the Charioteer
Right ascension	6
Declination	+40
Area	657 sq. deg. (21st)
Main stars	5, 8
Bayer/Flamsteed stars	65
Stars with known planets	6
Bright stars	4
Nearby stars	3
Brightest star	Capella (α Aur) (0.08m)
Nearest star	QY Aur (20.0 ly)
Messier objects	3
Meteor showers	Alpha Aurigids Delta Aurigids
Bordering constellations	Camelopardalis Perseus Taurus Gemini Lynx
Visible at latitudes between +90° and −40°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of February.

Auriga is a constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for 'charioteer' and its stars form a shape that has been associated with the pointed helmet of a charioteer. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 1st century astronomer Ptolemy, and is included among the 88 modern constellations. Its brightest star is Capella.

Notable features

Stars

See also: List of stars in Auriga

ε Aurigae and ζ Aurigae are peculiar binary stars. The orbital period of ε Aurigae is approximately 27 years, with an eclipse duration of about 18 months. The visible companion is an F-class supergiant. The type of the other star is not known. ζ Aurigae has a period of 970 days, the primary is a K-class supergiant and the secondary is a B-class main sequence star. Both these systems present a rare stage of binary evolution, as the components are in a short and active evolutionary stage.

Named Stars

Deep sky objects

Auriga has many open clusters and other objects because the Milky Way runs through it. The three brightest open clusters are M36, M37 and M38, all of which are visible in binoculars or a small telescope in suburban skies. A larger telescope resolves individual stars. The clusters are about 4100, 4400, and 4200 light years distant, respectively. Their apparent visual magnitudes are 6.3, 6.2, and 7.4, respectively.

Three other open clusters are NGC 2281, lying close to ψ⁷ Aurigae, NGC 1664, which is close to ε Aurigae, and IC 410 (or NGC 1893), a cluster with nebulosity next to IC 405, the Flaming Star Nebula, found about mid-way between M38 and ι Aurigae. AE Aurigae, a runaway star, is a bright variable star currently located within the Flaming Star Nebula.

Mythology

According to one Greek myth, Auriga represents Hephaestus, the blacksmith god, who was lame and invented the chariot so as to easily travel wherever he wanted.^{[citation needed]} In another Greek myth, Auriga is said to represent Myrtilus, the charioteer of King Oenomaus, and who sabotaged the king's chariot.

Auriga might also represent the 10th Labour of Hercules. Together with the area of the sky that is deserted (now the new and extremely faint constellations Camelopardalis and Lynx), and the other features of the area in the Zodiac sign of Gemini (i.e. the Milky Way, and the constellations Gemini, Orion, and Canis Major), this may be the origin of the myth of the cattle of Geryon, which forms one of The Twelve Labours of Heracles.^{[original research?]}

Capella is associated with the mythological she-goat Amalthea. It forms an asterism with the stars ζ Aurigae and η Aurigae, which are known as the Haedi (the Kids).

Visualizations

This section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (November 2008)

Auriga carrying the goat and kids depicted in Urania's Mirror, a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825

Before the classical era, Auriga was identified as a chariot and its driver, which it can resemble when the fainter stars visible to the naked eye are acknowledged. However, the driver was considered to be a shepherd rather than a charioteer, usually one which had flung a goat over its left shoulder (due to the resemblance of that area to a lump), and had its kids (two bright stars) nearby.^{[citation needed]}

Diagram of an alternate way to connect the stars of the constellation Auriga.

The stars can be connected in an alternative way, which graphically shows the charioteer's head wearing a pointy cap and facing towards Perseus.

Stars α Aur (Capella), β Aur, θ Aur, ι Aur, and ε Aur form the charioteer's head: with α Aur being of magnitude zero, β Aur being of magnitude two, and the rest of the stars being of magnitude three. Star α Aur may be taken to represent the charioteer's eye, whereas star ι Aur represents the charioteer's chin.

Stars β Aur, δ Aur, and α Aur form the charioteer's pointy cap, with δ Aur being the top of the cap.

Finally, the stars α Aur, ε Aur, ζ Aur, and η Aur form the charioteer's nose: η Aur being of the third magnitude.

The Chinese constellation Wǔ Chē / the Five Chariots is largely analogous to Auriga, and to the asterism of the pentagon within it.

References

• H. A. Rey, The Stars — A New Way To See Them. Enlarged World-Wide Edition. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1997. ISBN 0-395-24830-2.
• Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. ISBN 978-0007251209. Princeton University Press, Princeton. ISBN 978-0691135564.
• Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning, New York, Dover.

See also

• Psi Aurigae
• Telescopium Herschelii

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Auriga

• The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Auriga
• The clickable Auriga
• WIKISKY.ORG: Auriga
• Star Tales – Auriga

Coordinates: 06^h 00^m 00^s, +40° 00′ 00″