* January 5 - Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge begins in
San Francisco Bay. * January 11 - Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes
the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. *
January 15 - Political violence causes almost 100 deaths in Spain.
* January 17 - US Congress votes favorably for Philippines
independence, against the view of President Herbert Hoover. *
January 28 - The word Pakistan comes into being and is recognized
by the Pakistan Movement to press for freedom. * January 30 **
Edouard Daladier forms a government in France. ** Nazi leader Adolf
Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany
Paul von Hindenburg. ** The Lone Ranger debuts on radio. * February
1 - Adolf Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the German People" in
Berlin. * February 4 - Mutiny starts on the Dutch pantserschip De
Zeven Provinciën. * February 6 - The 20th Amendment to the United
States Constitution goes into effect. * February 6-February 7 -
Officers on the USS Ramapo record a 34-meter high sea-wave in the
Pacific Ocean. * February 9 - The Oxford Union approves a
resolution stating, "That this House will in no circumstances fight
for its King and country." * February 10 - The New York City-based
Postal Telegraph Company introduces the first singing telegram. *
February 15 - In Miami, Florida, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to
assassinate President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead
fatally wounds Chicago Mayor Anton J. Cermak. * February 17 ** The
magazine Newsweek is published for the first time. ** The Blaine
Act ends Prohibition in the United States. * February 27 -
Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag, is set on
fire (see: Reichstag fire). * February 28 - Reichstag Fire Decree
is passed in response to Reichstag fire, nullifying many German
civil liberties. * March 2 - The original film version of King
Kong, starring Fay Wray, premieres at Radio City Music Hall and the
RKO Roxy Theatre in New York City. * March 3 ** Mount Rushmore
National Memorial is dedicated. ** A powerful earthquake and
tsunami hit Honshū, Japan killing some 3,000. * March 4 **
American President Herbert Hoover is succeeded by Franklin D.
Roosevelt, who in reference to the Great Depression, gives his "The
only thing we have to fear, is fear itself" inauguration speech.
FDR is sworn in by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes. It would
also be the last time Inauguration Day in the United States would
occur on March 4. ** Frances Perkins becomes United States
Secretary of Labor, and the first female member of the United
States Cabinet. ** The Parliament of Austria is suspended because
of a quibble over procedure - Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss
initiates authoritarian rule by decree (see Austrofascism). * March
5 ** Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a
"bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all
financial transactions (the 'holiday' ended on March 13). ** In
German elections, National Socialists gain 43.9% of the votes. *
March 9 - Great Depression: The U.S. Congress begins its first 100
days of enacting New Deal legislation. * March 10 - Earthquake in
Long Beach, California kills 117 people. * March 12 - Great
Depression: Franklin Delano Roosevelt addresses the nation for the
first time as President of the United States. This was also the
first of his "Fireside Chats". * March 15 ** The Dow Jones
Industrial Average rises from $53.84 to $62.10. The day's gain of
15.34%, achieved during the depths of the Great Depression, remains
to date as the largest one-day percentage gain for the index. **
Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss keeps members of the
National Council from convening, starting the austrofascist
dictatorship. * March 20 - Dachau, the first Nazi concentration
camp, is completed - opened March 22. * March 23 - The Reichstag
passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany. *
March 24 - Jews call for a boycott of German goods.[1] * March 27 -
Japan leaves the League of Nations. * March 31 - The Civilian
Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve
rampant unemployment. * April 1 - The recently elected Nazis under
Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned
businesses in Germany. * April 3 - Anti-monarchist rebellion in
Siam (Thailand). * April 4 - US airship Akron crashes off the coast
of New Jersey- leaves 73 dead. * April 5 ** International court in
the Hague decides that Greenland belongs to Denmark and condemns
Norwegian landings on eastern Greenland. Norway submits to the
decision. ** U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a
National Emergency and makes it illegal for U.S. citizens to own
gold. * April 7 ** Beer is legalized in the U.S., eight months
before the full repeal of Prohibition on December 5, 1933. ** Law
for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service passed in
Germany * April 11 - Aviator William Lancaster takes off in England
in an attempt to make a speed record to Cape. He vanishes (body is
found 1962 in the Sahara Desert). * April 19 - The United States
officially goes off the gold standard. * April 21 - Nazi Germany
outlaws kosher ritual shechita. * April 26 ** Gestapo established.
** Editors of Harvard Lampoon steal the Sacred Cod of Massachusetts
from the State House. It is returned two days later. * April 27 **
Jessop & Son department store in Nottingham, England acquired
by John Lewis Partnership. The partnership's first shop outside
London. ** Stahlhelm organizations joins the Nazi party. * May 2 **
First modern sighting of the Loch Ness Monster. ** Gleichschaltung:
Adolf Hitler bans trade unions. * May 3 - Nellie Tayloe Ross
becomes the first woman to be named director of the United States
Mint. * May 5 - Detection by Karl Jansky of radio waves from the
center of the Milky Way galaxy is reported in the New York Times.
The discovery leads to the birth of radio astronomy. * May 8 -
Mohandas Gandhi begins a 3-week hunger strike because of the
mistreatment of the lower castes * May 10 ** Censorship: In
Germany, the Nazis stage massive public book burnings. ** Paraguay
declares war on Bolivia * May 17 - Vidkun Quisling and Johan
Bernhard Hjort form Nasjonal Samling - the national-socialist party
of Norway. * May 18 - New Deal: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
signs an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority. * May 26 -
Nazi party in Germany introduces law to legalize eugenic
sterilization * May 27 ** New Deal: The Federal Securities Act is
signed into law requiring the registration of securities with the
Federal Trade Commission. ** The Century of Progress World's Fair
opens in Chicago. ** Walt Disney's classic Silly Symphony cartoon
The Three Little Pigs is first released. * June 5 - The U.S.
Congress abrogates the United States' use of the gold standard by
enacting a joint resolution (48 Stat. 112) nullifying the right of
creditors to demand payment in gold. * June 6 - The first drive-in
theater opens in Camden, New Jersey. * June 6 - AnnaMae Marie Flynn
born in Philadelphia, PA * June 12 - London Economic Conference *
June 12 - Anneliese Marie Frank born in Germany * June 13 - German
Secret State Police (Gestapo) is established (but see April,
above). * June 17 - In Kansas City, Missouri, Pretty Boy Floyd
kills four unarmed FBI agents and captured fugitive Frank Nash in a
failed attempt to free Nash. This becomes known as the Union
Station Massacre. * June 21 - All non-Nazi parties forbidden in
Germany * June 25 - Wilmersdorfer Tennishallen delegate convention
in Berlin * June 26 - American Totalisator Company unveils its
first electronic pari-mutuel betting machine at Arlington Park
racetrack near Chicago. * July 4 - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
sentenced to prison. * July 6 - The first Major League Baseball
All-Star Game is played at Comiskey Park in Chicago. * July 14 -
Forming new political parties forbidden in Germany. * July 20 -
Vatican state secretary Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) signed an
accord with Hitler. * July 22 ** Wiley Post becomes first person to
fly solo around the world, traveling 15,596 miles in 7 days, 18
hours, and 45 minutes. ** "Machine-Gun" Kelly and Albert Bates
kidnap Charles Urschel, an Oklahoma oilman, and demand $200,000
ransom. * July 24 - Several members of the Barrow Gang are injured
or captured during a running battle with local police near Dexter,
Iowa. * August - The start of the Simele massacre more than 3,000
killed. * August 14 - Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast
Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the
Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying
240,000 acres (971 km²). * August 25 - Diexi earthquake shook Mao
County, Sichuan, China and killed 9,000 people. * August 30 -
Assassination of Theodore Lessing in Marienbad (Mariánské
Lázně), Czechoslovakia * August 30 - Air France begins operations
with 250 planes. * September 3 - Alejandro Lerroux forms a new
government in Spain. * September 12 - Leó Szilárd, waiting for a
red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of
the nuclear chain reaction. * September 26 ** Tornado destroys the
town of Tampico in Mexico. * October 1 - Failed assassination
attempt against Englebert Dolfuss seriously injures him. * October
10 - A United Airlines Boeing 247 is destroyed near Chesterton,
Indiana by a bomb. This was the first proven case of air sabotage
in commercial airline history. * October 12 - The United States
Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz is acquired by the United
States Department of Justice, which plans to incorporate the island
into its Federal Bureau of Prisons as a federal penitentiary. *
October 16 - Germany announces intention to leave the League of
Nations - officially * October 17 - Albert Einstein arrives in the
United States as a refugee from Nazi Germany. * November 5 -
Spanish Basques voted for autonomy. * November 8 - Great
Depression: New Deal - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils
the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create
jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed. * November 11 -
Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm strips topsoil
from desiccated farmlands (this is just one of a series of
disastrous dust storms that year). * November 16 ** The United
States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations.
** President of Brazil Getulio Vargas names himself dictator *
November 19 - General Elections in the Spanish Second Republic,
victory by the parties of the right-wing. * December 5 - The 21st
Amendment, repealing Prohibition in the United States, went into
effect. * December 21 - British Plastics Federation founded -
oldest plastics federation in the world * December 24 - Train crash
in Lagny, France - over 200 dead * December 26 ** The Nissan Motor
Company was organized in Tokyo, Japan. ** FM radio is patented. *
December 29 - Members of the Iron Guard assassinate Ion Gheorghe
Duca, prime minister of Romania For this information and much more,
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