5000 BC Earliest evidence of settled human habitation in the Nile delta 3800 BC The beginnings of Nile culture 3100-2650 BC Archaic Period 3100 BC Earliest evidence of hieroglyphic writingin Egypt 3100 BC The legendary king, Menes, unites the two kingdoms of Egypt 3000 BC Earliest evidence of sun-worship in Egypt 2700-1640 BCPyramid-building period; largest pyramids built for Cheops, Chephren, and Mycerinus 2550-2490 BC Building of the pyramid tombs for Khufu (Cheops) and Khephren (Chephren), the largest of the Egyptian pyramids 2650-2134 BC Old Kingdom; beginning of the Third Dynasty ~2630 BC Netcherike-Djoser, pharoah who built the the "Step" pyramid 2134-2040 BC Collapse of the Sixth Dynasty and the Old Kingdom; beginning of the First Intermediate Period 2040-1640 BC Middle Kingdom 1700 BC Earliest evidence of diagnostic medicine in Egypt 1640-1550 BC Collapse of the Middle Kingdom (1640 BC; beginning of the Second Intermediate Period 1550-1070 BC New Kingdom; temple-building period in Egypt; the Temple of Karnak built and added to all through the New Kingdom period ~1500 BC Earliest examples of the Book of the Dead 1380 BCBuilding of the Temple of Luxor by Amenhotep III 1367-1350 BC Reign of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton), who abandoned Egyptian polytheism for a monotheistic religion 1347-1339 BC Reign of Tutankhamon 1182-1151 BC Reign of Ramses III; supposed period of Hebrew migration out of Egypt to Palestine 1070-712 BC Collapse of New Kingdom (1070 BC; Third Intermediate Period 750 BC Conquest of Egypt by Kush under Kashta and then Piankhy 712-332 BC Late period ~670 BC Formation of a new Kushite kingdom at MeroÃ« 332 BC Invasion of Egypt by Alexander the Great 332 BC-395 AD Hellenistic-Roman Period 332-31 BC Ptolemaic Egypt 285-246 BC Reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who commissioned the Greek translation of the Hebrew Torah, the Septuagint ~170 BC Aristobolus, the first Jewish Greek philosopher, presents an explanation of Mosaic scripture to Ptolemy VI Philometor 51-30 BC Reign of Cleopatra VII, last of the Ptolemaic monarchs of Egypt 31 BCBattle of Actium; Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony defeated by Augustus Caesar 30 BC-395 AD Conquest of Egypt by Augustus Caesar; Roman period 66 AD Jewish riots against Rome in Egypt 395 AD Roman Empire divided into two empires; Egypt controlled by Byzantium 395-641 AD Byzantine period; Egyptian hieroglyphic writing falls out of use and soon becomes unintelligible 641 AD Conquest of Egypt by the Muslim Arabs; Egypt becomes Islamic 1822 AD Jean FranÃ§ois Champollion deciphers the system of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing from the Rosetta Stone

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