Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain.
Half-duplex Ethernet has lower effective throughput.
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Full-duplex
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10BASE-T and all the generations of Ethernet Technologies
released after 10BASE-T support full duplex. Full duplex mode
allows two nodes on a network to communicate with each other
simultaneously.
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Full Duplex Ethernet uses no network control protocal to prevent
collisions. This is because full duplex has a deicated channell for
transmit and receive. When communicating in full duplex mode, there
is no area to have a collision.