Silver certificates were backed by specific dollar amounts of silver. That is, a $1 silver certificate was backed by $1 worth of silver in the Treasury, a $5 certificate was backed by $5 worth of silver, etc.
The government maintained a fixed price for silver bullion so the bills were indirectly backed by a specific weight. However the fixed price wasn't $1/troy ounce but $1.29, so the weight was roughly 0.77 troy ounces, or about 24 gm.