backhand

This article may contain wording that merely promotes the subject without imparting verifiable information. Please remove or replace such wording, unless you can cite independent sources that support the characterization. (November 2008)

This article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (March 2010)

Justine Henin (left) and Jelena Janković (right) in a backhand stroke.

Justine Henin Aggressive Backhand

The backhand is a tennis shot in which one swings the racquet around one's body in the direction where one wants the ball to go, usually performed from the baseline or as an approach shot. The term is also used in other racquet sports, and other areas where a similar motion is employed (for example while throwing a sport disc). For a right-handed player, this means that a backhand begins on the left side of the body, continues across the body as contact is made with the ball, and ends on the right side of the body, with the racquet over the left shoulder. The backhand can be a one-handed or two-handed stroke.

Because the player's dominant hand "pulls" into the shot, the backhand generally lacks the power and consistency of the forehand, and is usually considered more difficult to master. However, the two-handed backhand provides more stability and power for the shot, and is increasingly used in the modern game. Beginner and club-level players often have difficulty hitting a backhand, and junior players may have trouble making the shot if they are not strong enough to hit it. Many advanced players still have a significantly better forehand than backhand, and many strategies in tennis aim to exploit this weakness.

Grips

For most of the 20th century, the backhand was hit with one hand using either an eastern or continental grip. The first notable players to use a two-handed backhand were the 1930s Australians Vivian McGrath and John Bromwich. Beginning with Mike Belkin who was the first two-handed backhand player in the United States and Chris Evert in the 1960s, many players began to use a two-handed grip for the backhand. Pete Sampras and Stefan Edberg notably switched from the two-handed to the one-handed backhand late in their development.

Strengths and weaknesses

• Often players choose their backhand type based on their handedness—if the player is somewhat ambidextrous the two-handed backhand might be best.

• Two-handed backhands have some important advantages over one-handed backhands:

• The backhands are generally more accurate because by having two hands on the racquet, this makes it easier to impart topspin on the ball allowing for more control of the shot.

• Two-handed backhands are easier to hit for most high balls.

• Two-handed backhands have a chance to be closer in power and/or accuracy to the forehand, possibly even better, unlike the one-hander. People with a noticeably weaker one-handed backhand tend to get balls returned to them on that wing, giving them a disadvantage.

• Two-handed backhands can be hit with an open stance, whereas one-handers usually have to have a closed stance, which adds further steps (which is a problem at higher levels of play).

• Starting from the 70s, many of the greatest players used the two-handed backhand.

• But one-handed backhands have some advantages over two-handed:

• One-handed backhands allow greater reach.

• One-handed backhands are able to hit low balls with much pace and penetration.

• One-handed backhand players move to the net with greater ease than two-handed players because the shot permits greater forward momentum and has greater similarities in muscle memory to the preferred type of backhand volley (one-handed, for greater reach).

• The backhand should be hit more in front of the body than the forehand which can be hit with a deeper hit spot.

• One-handed backhands players are much less likely to develop the habit of playing volleys with two hands.

Many tennis players use the one-handed backhand.^[1] Such players include Roger Federer, Pete Sampras, Justine Henin, Steffi Graf, Gustavo Kuerten, Amelie Mauresmo, Martina Navratilova, Don Budge^[2], Ken Rosewall^[1] and Rod Laver

Great backhands

The player long considered to have had the best backhand of all time, amateur and professional champion Don Budge^[3], had a very powerful one-handed stroke in the 1930s and '40s that imparted topspin onto the ball. He used an Eastern grip, and some pictures show his thumb extended along the side of the racquet for greater support. Ken Rosewall^[4], another amateur and professional champion noted for his one-handed backhand, also used a continental grip to hit a deadly accurate slice backhand with underspin throughout the 1950s and '60s. Connoiseurs of the game also rate Swede Henrik Sundström's one-handed backhand as technically magnificent and as powerful as many forehands, but Sundström's career was cut short by injury,

In his 1979 autobiography Jack Kramer devotes a page to the best tennis strokes he had ever seen. He writes: "BACKHAND—Budge was best, with Kovacs, Rosewall and Connors in the next rank (although, as I've said, Connors' 'backhand' is really a two-handed forehand). Just in passing, the strangest competitive stroke was the backhand that belonged to Budge Patty. It was a weak shot, a little chip. But suddenly on match point, Patty had a fine, firm backhand. He was a helluva match player."

On the men's pro tour, dramatic changes have occurred since then. In the 1980s, many great players such as Ivan Lendl, Henrik Sundström and John McEnroe were leading the charge with their one handed versatile backhands. But a new wave of players, such as Jimmy Connors, Björn Borg or Mats Wilander, started to show the world that two-handed backhands could also offer major advantages. Players could now increase the speed and control of their two-hander in key defensive shots, such as returns, passing shots and lobs. Since then, many players followed this trend. Among the main ones are Andre Agassi, Jim Courier, Sergi Bruguera, Marat Safin, Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray, Rafael Nadal, David Nalbandian (owning the fastest recorded backhand at 110 mph (171 km/h)), Nikolay Davydenko, Lleyton Hewitt, Gilles Simon and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. However, the one-handed backhand is still used effectively by a few great players like Roger Federer, Richard Gasquet, Stanislas Wawrinka, Mikhail Youzhny, Nicolás Almagro and Tommy Haas. Justine Henin's backhand was considered on par with the men's, with all time great John McEnroe saying "Justine Henin has the best single-handed backhand in both the men's and women's game. Henin's backhand is described as a deadly weapon which is spontaneous, accurate and powerful. She can hit drop shots with her deadly back hand."^[5]

On the women's pro tour, one of the great rivalries of the 1980s was symbolized by two different backhand styles: Martina Navratilova's smooth one-handed sliced backhand versus Chris Evert's perfectly controlled two handed backhand. Many different styles of backhand arose in the late 1980s, including Steffi Graf's exceptional sliced backhand, and Monica Seles' two-handed backhand, characterized by its rapidity of execution. This trend was followed by many players in the 1990s, such as Martina Hingis, Venus Williams, Maria Sharapova, Serena Williams, and Jelena Janković. Jelena Janković is able to generate great power with a two-handed backhand can also create angles and is currently deemed as one of the best on tour. Williams sister's double handed backhand is considered one of the devastating backhand on tour. They can damage their opponent from any corner of the court with this backhand.

References

External links

• Herald Tribune:One handed backhand revived
• Backhand World - A specific website for the backhand only!

v t e Tennis Background and glossary History of tennis Glossary of terms Grand Slams Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open Professional tours ATP World Tour ATP Challenger Tour ITF Men's Circuit ITF Women's Circuit WTA Tour WTA Challenger Tour Tennis shots Ace Backhand Backspin Drop shot Flat Forehand Groundstroke Half volley Lob Serve Overhead smash Topspin Volley Passing shot Tennis strategy and techniques Grips Serve and volley Tennis courts and surfaces Hard Clay DecoTurf Grass Plexicushion Rebound Ace Carpet Indoor Equipment Ball Racquet Strings Tennis technology Electronic line judge Hawk-Eye Cyclops Team events Davis Cup Fed Cup Hopman Cup Other International Tennis Federation Tennis at the Summer Olympics Official Tennis statistics