| Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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| State Party |  Spain |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Reference | 522 |
| Region** | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2003 (27th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Baeza is a town of approximately 15,000 in Andalusia, Spain, in the province of Jaén, perched on a cliff in the Loma de Baeza, a mountain range between the river Guadalquivir on the south and its tributary the Guadalimar on the north. The town has existed since Roman times, when it was called Beatia, but it is chiefly known today as having many of the best-preserved examples of Italian Renaissance architecture in Spain. UNESCO added Baeza and Ubeda to the World Heritage Sites list in 2003.
In the Middle Ages Baeza was a flourishing Moorish city, said to contain 50,000 inhabitants, but it fell to the forces of Ferdinand III of Castile in 1227. The Cordova and Úbeda gates, and the arch of Baeza, are among the remains of its Moorish fortifications.
In the 16th century, Baeza and nearby Úbeda grew rich from the production of textiles, and local nobles hired important architects, such as Andrés de Vandelvira, to design new palaces, churches and public squares in the fashionable Italian style. The economy collapsed in the 17th century, which had the fortunate side effect of preserving Baeza's Renaissance architectural legacy, because few newer structures were built. Baeza appears much more Italian than Spanish, with an unusual sense of lightness, order, and proportion.
Baeza's chief Renaissance structures are the university, established in 1538, which is now a summer school for the University of Granada, the Catedral de Santa María, the Palacio de Jabalquinto, and the squares of Plaza de España and the Paseo de la Constitucíon. All of these sites are located within walking distance of each other, in what is called the Zona Monumental.
Baeza is 327 km (203 miles) by highway south of Madrid. It has a RENFE rail station (Linares - Baeza) 9 miles southwest on the Linares-Almeria railway and bus transportation from Granada, Málaga and Madrid. The nearest international airports are in Granada, 132 km (82 miles) south and Málaga, 241 km (150 miles) to the southwest.
Notable Residents of Baeza
Baeza was the birthplace of the sculptor and painter Gaspar Becerra. Also, two of the most important mystics and writers of the sixteenth century resided in Baeza, Saint John of Ávila and Saint John of the Cross. The modernist poet Antonio Machado worked as a teacher in Baeza from 1912 until 1919, and it is believed that his most notable prose work, Juan de Mairena, was inspired by his experience there.
Related links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Baeza |
- BaezaForos, the most updated website about Baeza, including a forum
- Information about the city of Baeza in Jaen
- Ubeda and Baeza homepage
- Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza (UN World Heritage website)
- Federico Garcia-Lorca Granada-Jaen Airport
- Malaga Airport
- Baeza eGuide
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