Both a barium swallow and a barium meal test involve you
swallowing a liquid suspension of barium sulphate before a series
of X-rays are taken of your upper digestive tract. In a barium
swallow test, X-ray images are taken of your pharynx (throat) and
your oesophagus (the passageway that connects your throat to your
stomach; sometimes called your gullet).
In a barium meal test, X-ray images are taken of your stomach
and the beginning of your duodenum (the beginning of your small
intestine, the passageway that takes food away from your stomach).
A barium meal test is often performed straight after a barium
swallow test.
Barium is a naturally occurring element that appears white on
X-ray. In these tests, the barium is given as a cup of flavoured
drink - like a milkshake. When swallowed, barium coats the walls of
the digestive tract, which allows the shape of your upper digestive
tract to be outlined on an X-ray. Without the barium your upper
digestive tract would be barely visible on X-ray.