Barnstaple

Coordinates: 51°04′56″N 4°02′56″W / 51.0823°N 4.0489°W / 51.0823; -4.0489

Barnstaple
Barnstaple  Barnstaple shown within Devon
Population	34,000 (April 2006 Est.)
OS grid reference	SS5633
District	North Devon
Shire county	Devon
Region	South West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BARNSTAPLE
Postcode district	EX31, EX32
Dialling code	01271
Police	Devon and Cornwall
Fire	Devon and Somerset
Ambulance	South Western
EU Parliament	South West England
UK Parliament	North Devon
List of places: UK • England • Devon

Barnstaple (pronounced /ˈbɑrnstəbəl/ ( listen)) is a town in the local government district of North Devon in the county of Devon in South West England. It lies 68 miles (109 km) west southwest of Bristol, 50 miles (80 km) north of Plymouth and 34 miles (55 km) northwest of the county town of Exeter.

It is the main town of the district and claims to be the oldest borough in the United Kingdom. It was founded at the lowest crossing point of the River Taw, about 3 miles (5 km) from the Taw's seafall at the Bristol Channel. By the time of the Domesday Book, Barnstaple had its own mint. Its size and wealth in the Middle Ages was based on it being within the staple, a staple port licensed to export wool, and its importance is still obvious in the town's name. The wool trade was further aided by the town's excellent port, with five ships being sent in 1588 to aid the fight against the Spanish Armada.

It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835. Since 1974, it has been a civil parish with a town council.^[1]

History

Heritage Centre

Barnstaple's population in the 1801 census was 3,748, in the 1901 census 9,698, and in the 2001 census, the population was 30,765. The town has swallowed the villages of Pilton, Newport, and Roundswell through ribbon development from the 1930s to the 1950s. In April 2006 the population was 34,000.

In 1989, the A361 North Devon Link Road was constructed, linking Barnstaple with the M5 motorway, approximately 40 miles (65 km) to the east. Because Barnstaple is the main shopping area for North Devon, retail work is a contributor to the economy. Many chain stores are located in the town centre and on the Roundswell Business Park located on the western fringe of the town.

Traffic congestion in the town used to be quite severe, but in May 2007, the Barnstaple Western Bypass was opened so traffic heading towards Braunton and Ilfracombe avoids travelling through the town centre. The bypass consists of 1.6 miles (2.7 kilometres) of new road and a 447 yards (409 m) long, five-span bridge. It was expected to have cost £42 million.

A view of Barnstaple Long Bridge

As part of this work, the town's main square is receiving a facelift as the entrance to the town centre, and it is planned to pedestrianise The Strand^{[citation needed]} Following this scheme, plans are also being formulated for a regeneration of the town centre, due to commence in 2012^{[citation needed]} and scheduled to cost around £300 million. The regeneration will centre on the Queen's Theatre and surrounding areas, with new shopping complexes, houses, flats and communal areas.

Toponymy

Barnstaple is still sometimes referred to as Barum. The origin of this name is obscure, but has been in use since pre-Saxon times^{[citation needed]} and is probably of Roman origin. Mentioned by Shakespeare, the name Barum was revived and popularised in Victorian times, featuring in several novels of the time. The name is retained in the names of a football team, brewery, and several other local businesses.

Butchers Row

Butchers Row

Built in 1855, Butchers Row consists of ten shops with pilasters of Bath Stone, and wrought iron supports to an overhanging roof. Only two of the shops remain as butchers although the new shops still sell local agricultural goods. There is one baker, one delicatessen, two Fishmongers, a florist and a greengrocer.

The interior of the Pannier Market

Pannier Market

Barnstaple has been the major market for North Devon since Saxon times. Demands for health regulation of its food market in Victorian times saw the construction in 1855-56 of the town's Pannier Market, originally known as the Vegetable Market and designed by R D Gould. The building has a high glass and timber roof on iron columns. At 107 yards (97.5 m) long, it runs the length of Butchers Row. Market days are Tuesday, Friday and Saturday. According to the UK newspaper 'The Independent' the Pannier Market is voted one of the top ten food markets in Britain.

Transport

Railway

Barnstaple railway station is near the end of the Long Bridge but on the opposite bank of the River Taw to the town centre. The town used to have several other stations but these have all closed since the publication of the Reshaping of British Railways report in the 1960s.

A map of Barnstaple from 1937

The surviving station was opened on 1 August 1854 by the North Devon Railway (later the London and South Western Railway), although a service had operated from Fremington since 1848 for goods traffic only. The station became "Barnstaple Junction" on 20 July 1874 when the railway opened the branch line through to Ilfracombe, reverting to just plain "Barnstaple" again when this was closed on 5 October 1970. It is now a terminus and much reduced in size as part of the site is now to be used for the Barnstaple Western Bypass.

The Ilfracombe branch line brought the railway across the river into the town centre. Barnstaple Quay was situated close by the Castle Mound. It was closed in 1898 and replaced by a nearby Barnstaple Town station at North Walk which was also the terminus of the narrow gauge Lynton and Barnstaple Railway until this closed in 1935. The narrow gauge line's main depot and operating centre was at nearby Pilton. In The station building still exists, and can be viewed on-line from a webcam mounted on Barnstaple Civic Centre.^[2]

A separate "Barnstaple" station (renamed Barnstaple (Victoria Road) in 1949) was opened to the east of the town in 1873 as the terminus of the Devon and Somerset Railway (eventually a part of the Great Western Railway). A junction was later provided to allow trains access to Barnstaple Junction and these ran through to Ilfracombe. It was closed in 1970.

Buses and Coaches

The Barnstaple bus network is privatised and run by many bus operators including FirstGroup and the Stagecoach Bus Group. The main bus station is located on the junction with Summerland Street and Silver Street. National Express also run services from here.

Road

Barnstaple's nearest motorway is Junction 27 of the M5. 35 miles (56.3 km) away along the A361.

Air

The nearest airport is Exeter

Barnstaple Fair

The ceremonial opening of the fair survives from ancient times. The town council meets in the Guildhall, where various toasts are honoured with a spiced ale which, according to tradition, is made from a jealously guarded recipe handed on from generation to generation. Whilst the toasts are being honoured, "fairings", (a form of sweetmeat) are handed around.

On the reading of the Proclamation a large stuffed gloved hand garlanded with flowers is hung from a window of the Guildhall. The gloved hand represents the hand of friendship and the hand of welcome to the thousands that come to the fair. At 12 o'clock, a civic procession forms at the entrance to the Guildhall and the proclamation is read.

The fair begins on the Wednesday before 20 September each year.

Today the fair consists of rides and amusements located in the car park of the leisure centre.

Barnstaple Clock Tower, erected in 1862 as a memorial to Prince Albert (the husband of Queen Victoria)

Twin towns

Barnstaple is twinned with Barnstable, Massachusetts in the USA, Uelzen in Germany, Trouville-sur-Mer in France, and Susa in Italy.

Demographics

Barnstaple, as of 2005 estimates has grown little since the 2001 census. The estimated racial makeup of the town is as follows:

White British 98.7% White Irish 0.2% Mixed race 0.2% Chinese 0.4% Other 0.5%

Economy

North Devon has an under-developed economy for a number of reasons. It is situated at a distance from the UK's traditional areas of industrial activity and population. Whilst the 1989 opening of the improved A361 (then 'trunk') road connection to the motorway network has helped in some ways (notably weekend tourism), it had a detrimental effect on a number of distribution businesses. The latter previously viewed the town as a base for local distribution networks, a need that was removed with an approximate halving of travelling time to the M5.

Barnstaple gained a number of industrial companies in the late 1970s due to the availability of central government grants for the construction of factories and their operation on low or zero levels of local taxation. This was only partially successful, with few of these lasting more than the few years that grants were available. One success was the manufacturing of generic medicines by Cox Pharmaceuticals (now branded Actavis), who moved in 1980 from their traditional site in Brighton, Sussex. The most lasting consequence for the town was the development of, or increase to, the industrial estates at Seven Brethren, Whiddon Valley and Pottington.

Unemployment in North Devon is 1.8% - 2.4%, and the median per capita wage for North Devon is 73% of the UK national average (2005 data). The level of work in the informal/casual sector is high, partly due to the impact of seasonal tourism like much of the South West of England.

The largest employer in the region by far is local and central Government. The two main central government-owned employers in the area are the Royal Marines Base Chivenor, 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the town, and North Devon District Hospital, 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north.

Education

Museum of Barnstaple and North Devon

Barnstaple is well served by all types of education. There are a selection of well-regarded primary and secondary state schools, independent schools and a tertiary college in the Barnstaple area.

Secondary Education

In 2007 the county of Devon 46.6%^[3] of students achieved 5 GCSEs grade A* to C. The UK average is 46.7%.^[3]

Tertiary Education

Petroc Barnstaple is a large tertiary college providing a wide range of vocational and academic further education for 3000+ young people over 16. The college was due to spend £100m on a new campus, to be opened on Seven Brethren in 2011,^[8][9] but this fell through when the LSC removed its £75m funding in January 2009.^[10]

Sport

Cricket

Cricket is played at Barnstaple and Pilton.^[11]

Football

Rugby

Senior rugby union is available in the town at Barnstaple RFC^[12] whose first team play in the National 3 South West league. This is sixth tier of rugby union in England

Other

Many sports are available at the North Devon Leisure Centre.[6] It is the home of Barnstaple Squash Club.^[13] There are numerous bowling greens and tennis courts.^[14]

Notable Residents

For full list, see Category:People from Barnstaple

Activities

Key
	Abbey/Priory/Cathedral
	Accessible open space
	Amusement/Theme Park
	Castle
	Country Park
	English Heritage
	Forestry Commission
	Heritage railway
	Historic House
	Museum (free/not free)
	National Trust
	Zoo

In Barnstaple

• * Museum of Barnstaple & North Devon | Open Monday - Saturday 0930-1700
• Queen's Theatre, Barnstaple
• Barnstaple Heritage Trail
• Pannier Market
• Barnstaple Town F.C.

Around Barnstaple

• ‎ Tarka Trail — The cycling and walking trails were established by Devon County Council, to celebrate Henry Williamson's 1927 novel Tarka the Otter. The book depicts Tarka's adventure travelling through North Devon's countryside.
• Arlington Court | Open March - October | 8 miles (12.9 km)
• Lundy Island | Ferry sails from Bideford, 10 miles (16.1 km) | Costs and Time table
• Watersmeet House | Open March - October, Walks are open all year round | 20 miles (32.2 km)
• The South West Coast Path National Trail runs through the town, and gives access to walks along the spectacular North Devon coast.
• Lynton & Barnstaple Railway | Open Easter - end of December (Daily June to September) | 15 miles (24.1 km)

See also

• Barnstaple Castle
• Henry de Bracton
• Queen's Theatre, Barnstaple

References

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Barnstaple.

• Barnstaple Town Centre website
• Barnstaple Town Council Website
• Barnstaple at the Open Directory Project
• Barnstaple Town Council and Town Centre Management
• North Devon District Council
• Barnstaple Webcam (from Civic Centre)
• Barnstaple's History
• Museum of Barnstaple & North Devon
• State of Devon's economy 2006
• Pannier Market's History

v • d • e Towns and Villages in North Devon Appledore · Barnstaple · Berrynarbor · Bideford · Braunton · Buckland Brewer · Clovelly · Combe Martin · Croyde · Dolton · Fremington · Georgeham · Great Torrington · Hartland · Hele Bay · Holsworthy · Ilfracombe · Instow · Kentisbury · Knowle · Landkey · Lee · Lee Bay · Little Torrington · Lynmouth · Lynton · Mortehoe · Northam · Parracombe · Petrockstowe · Saunton · West Down · Westward Ho! · Woolacombe · Wrafton · Yelland