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For more information on beat, visit Britannica.com.

A variation in the intensity of a composite wave which is formed from two distinct waves with different frequencies. Beats were first observed in sound waves, such as those produced by two tuning forks with different frequencies. Beats also can be produced by other waves. They can occur in the motion of two pendulums of different lengths and have been observed among the different-frequency phonons in a crystal lattice.

One important application of beat phenomena is to use one object with an accurately known frequency to determine the unknown frequency of another such object. The beat-frequency or heterodyne oscillator also operates by producing beats from two frequencies. See also Oscillator.

1. Underlying rhythm in music.

2. Pause for a count of one; terminology used by a director when shooting or overseeing the editing of a commercial.

3. Pulsations of amplitude produced by radio waves of different frequencies. See also frequency modulation.

verb

1. To hit heavily and repeatedly with violent blows: assail, assault, baste, batter, belabor, buffet, drub, hammer, pound, pummel, smash, thrash, thresh. Informal lambaste. Slang clobber. Idioms: rain blows on. See attack/defend, strike/miss.
2. To punish with blows or lashes: flog, hide, lash, thrash, whip. Informal trim. Slang lay into, lick. See attack/defend, reward/punish/deserve.
3. To move (one's arms or wings, for example) up and down: flap, flitter, flop, flutter, waggle, wave. See repetition.
4. To indicate (time or rhythm), as with repeated gestures or sounds: count. Idioms: keep time, mark time. See repetition.
5. To make rhythmic contractions, sounds, or movements: palpitate, pound, pulsate, pulse, throb. See repetition, sounds/pleasant sounds/unpleasant sounds/neutral sounds or silence.
6. To shape, break, or flatten with repeated blows: forge, hammer, pound. See repetition, strike/miss.
7. To mix rapidly to a frothy consistency: whip, whisk. See assemble/disassemble, repetition.
8. To win a victory over, as in battle or a competition: best, conquer, defeat, master, overcome, prevail against (or over), rout, subdue, subjugate, surmount, triumph over, vanquish, worst. Informal trim, whip. Slang ace, lick. Idioms: carrywinthe day, gethavethe best of, gethavethe better of, go someone one better. See win/lose/recovery.
9. To be greater or better than: best, better, exceed, excel, outdo, outmatch, outrun, outshine, outstrip, pass, surpass, top, transcend. Idioms: go beyond, go one better. See big/small/amount.
10. To make incapable of finding something to think, do, or say: confound, nonplus. Informal flummox, stick, stump, throw. Idioms: put someone at a loss. See affect/ineffectiveness, knowledge/ignorance.

phrasal verb - beat down

To be projected with blinding intensity: blaze, glare,, light/darkness.

phrasal verb - beat off

To turn or drive away: fend (off), keep off, parry, repel, repulse, ward off,, allow/prevent, strike/miss.

noun

1. A stroke or blow, especially one that produces a sound: clunk, pound, thud, thump. See attack/defend, sounds/pleasant sounds/unpleasant sounds/neutral sounds or silence, strike/miss.
2. A periodic contraction or sound of something coursing: palpitation, pulsation, pulse, throb. See repetition, sounds/pleasant sounds/unpleasant sounds/neutral sounds or silence.
3. The patterned, recurring alternation of contrasting elements, such as stressed and unstressed notes in music: cadence, cadency, measure, meter, rhythm, swing. See repetition.
4. An area regularly covered, as by a policeman or reporter: circuit, round, route. See territory.

adjective

Extremely tired: bleary, dead, drained, exhausted, fatigued, rundown, spent, tired out, wearied, weariful, weary, worn-down, worn-out. Informal bushed, tuckered (out). Slang done in, fagged (out), pooped (out). Idioms: all in, ready to drop. See health/sickness, tired/fresh.

Idioms beginning with beat:
beat the Dutch
beat back
beat it
beat off
beat one's brains out
beats me
beat someone at his or her own game
beat the air
beat the bushes for
beat the clock
beat the drum for
beat the meat
beat the rap
beat time

See also dead beat; heart misses a beat; if you can't beat them, join them; march to a different beat; miss a beat; off the beaten track; pound the pavement (a beat); to beat the band.

Definition: very tired
Antonyms: rested

v

Definition: defeat, surpass
Antonyms: cede, lose, relinquish, retreat, surrender

v

Definition: injure by striking
Antonyms: aid, assist, guard, help, protect

v

Definition: strike
Antonyms: caress, pat, pet

The throbbing or ‘beating’ effect heard when two notes very close in pitch are heard simultaneously. This acoustical phenomenon results from the interference between two sound waves of slightly differing frequencies. The number of beats per second equals the difference in frequency, so the beats disappear if the two are in perfect unison. Beats are thus useful for the tuning of instruments; they can also be useful when they are audible between the harmonics of two notes for tuning a temperament exactly.

• Principles of Mechanics, Waves, and Measurement - beat: oscillation in amplitude of complex wave and interference resulting from it
• Measures and Standards of Time - beat: musical measure of time
• Cooking Techniques - beat: (vb) blend ingredients with rapid, rotary motion
• Journalism - beat: reporter's regular, assigned geographical or topical territory
• Harmony, Melody, and Structure - beat: metrical or rhythmic accent
• Musicians and Performance - beat: tempo indicated by conductor to musicians and singers
• Performance, Airplay, and the Recording Industry - beat: accent in rhythm; backbeat
• Stagecraft, Production, and Dramatic Structure - beat: small segment of a scene in which character has one specific objective
• Inert, Lazy, Tired, or Insensate
• Fraud, Treachery, and Deception - beat: (vb) Slang. swindle; cheat
• Police Procedures and Detection - beat: police officer’s assigned area of duty

For other uses, see Beat (disambiguation).

A Taiwanese taiko drummer

The beat is the basic unit of time in music, the pulse of the mensural level^[1] (or beat level).^[2] In popular use, the beat can refer to a variety of related concepts including: tempo, meter, rhythm and groove. In modern pop music, the term "beats" has been used to describe whole pieces of composed music.^{[citation needed]} This is a distinct and separate use of the term from the way "beat" is used traditionally as related only to the rhythmic element of music.

Rhythm in music is characterized by a repeating sequence of stressed and unstressed beats (often called "strong" and "weak") and divided into bars organized by time signature and tempo indications.

Metric levels faster than the beat level are division levels, and slower levels are multiple levels. See Meter (music)#Metric structure.

Contents 1 Downbeat 2 Upbeat 3 On-beat and off-beat 4 Backbeat 5 Cross beat 5.1 Three-against-two 5.2 Three-against-four 6 Hyperbeat 7 Related concepts 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading

Downbeat

The downbeat is the impulse that occurs at the beginning of a bar in measured music.^[3] Its name is derived from the downward stroke of the director or conductor's baton on the first beat of each measure. It frequently carries the strongest accent of the rhythmic cycle. However, in some cases, the downbeat may not be emphasized. Such departure from the normal stress pattern of a measure is a form of syncopation.

Upbeat

(Ger. Auftakt).

Beginning of Bach's BWV736, with upbeat (anacrusis) in red.

1. An unaccented beat or beats that occur before the first beat of the following measure. In other words, this is an impulse in a measured rhythm that immediately precedes, and hence anticipates, the downbeat. It can be the last beat in a bar where that bar precedes a new bar of music.^[4]

2. An anticipatory note or succession of notes occurring before the first barline of a piece, sometimes referred to as an ‘upbeat figure’, section or phrase. An alternative expression is "anacrusis" (from Greek. ana: "up towards" and krousis: "to strike"; Fr. anacrouse). This term was borrowed from poetry where it refers to one or more unstressed extrametrical syllables at the beginning of a line.^[4]

3. The upward stroke made by a conductor to indicate the beat that leads into a new measure.

N.B. This expression is sometimes loosely used outside the field of music to denote anything positive-sounding; e.g. an "upbeat assessment of a company's prospects"

On-beat and off-beat

Off-beat or backbeat pattern, popular on snare drum^[5]  play (help·info)

"Skank" guitar rhythm^[6] Play (help·info). Often referred to as "upbeats", in parallel with upstrokes.

In music that progresses regularly in 4/4 time, counted as "1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4...", the first beat of the bar (down-beat) is usually the strongest accent in the melody and the likeliest place for a chord change, the third is the next strongest: these are "on" beats. The second and fourth are weaker - the "off-beats". Subdivisions (like eighth notes) that fall between the pulse beats are even weaker and these, if used frequently in a rhythm, can also make it "off-beat".^[7] The effect can be easily simulated by evenly and repeatedly counting to four: Bold denotes a stressed beat. As a background against which to compare these various rhythms a bass drum strike on the downbeat and a constant eighth note subdivision on ride cymbal have been added, which would be counted as follows:

• 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 --  play eighth notes and bass drum alone (help·info)
• 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4—the stress here on the "on" beat  play (help·info) But one may syncopate that pattern and alternately stress the odd and even beats, respectively, creating syncopation:
• 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 -- the stress is on the "unexpected" or syncopated beat  play (help·info)

So Off-beat is a musical term commonly applied to syncopation that emphasizes the weak even beats of a bar, as opposed to the "normal" on-beat. This is a fundamental technique of African polyrhythm that transferred to popular western music. According to Grove Music, the “Offbeat” is [often] where the downbeat is replaced by a rest or is tied over from the preceding bar".^[7] The downbeat can never be the off-beat because it is the strongest beat in 4/4 time.^[8] Certain genres in particular tend to emphasize the off-beat. This emphasis is a defining characteristic of rock'n'roll and Ska music.

Backbeat

Back beat^[9]

It's got a backbeat, you can't lose it - Chuck Berry

A back beat, or backbeat, is a syncopated accentuation on the "off" beat. In a simple 4/4 rhythm these are beats 2 and 4.^[10] Emphasized back beat, a feature of some African styles, defined rhythm and blues recordings in the late 1940s and so became one of the defining characteristics of rock and roll and much contemporary Western popular music.

An early record with an emphasised back beat throughout was "Good Rockin' Tonight" by Wynonie Harris in 1948.^{[citation needed]} However drummer Earl Palmer claimed the honour for "The Fat Man" by Fats Domino in 1949, which he played on, saying he adopted it from the final "shout" or "out" chorus common in Dixieland jazz. However urban contemporary gospel was stressing the back beat much earlier with hand-clapping and tambourines. There is a hand-clapping back beat on "Roll 'Em Pete" by Pete Johnson and Big Joe Turner, recorded in 1938. A distinctive back beat can be heard on "Back Beat Boogie" by Harry James And His Orchestra, recorded in late 1939.^[11] Other early recorded examples include the final verse of "Grand Slam" by Benny Goodman in 1942 and some sections of The Glenn Miller Orchestra's "(I've Got A Girl In) Kalamazoo", while amateur direct-to-disc recordings of Charlie Christian jamming at Minton's Playhouse around the same time have a sustained snare-drum back-beat on the hottest choruses.

Delayed backbeat (last eighth note in each measure) as in funk music^[12]  play (help·info)

In the mid 1940s "hillbilly" musicians the Delmore Brothers were turning out boogie tunes with a hard driving back beat, such as the #2 hit "Freight Train Boogie" in 1946, as well as in other boogie songs they recorded.^[13] Similarly Fred Maddox’s trademark back beat, a slapping bass style, helped drive a rhythm that came to be known as rockabilly, one of the early forms of rock and roll.^[14] Maddox had used this style as early as 1937.^[15]

In today's popular music the snare drum is typically used to play the backbeat pattern.^[5] Early funk music often delayed one of the backbeats so as, "to give a 'kick' to the [overall] beat".^[12]

Some songs, such as The Beatles' "Please Please Me" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand", The Knack's "Good Girls Don't" and Blondie's cover of The Nerves' "Hanging on the Telephone", employ a double backbeat pattern.^[16] In a double backbeat, one of the off beats is played as two eighth notes rather than one quarter note.^[16]

Cross beat

Cross-rhythm. A rhythm in which the regular pattern of accents of the prevailing meter is contradicted by a conflicting pattern and not merely a momentary displacement that leaves the prevailing meter fundamentally unchallenged—New Harvard Dictionary of Music (1986: 216).^[17]

In Sub-Saharan African music traditions (and many Diaspora musics) cross-rhythm is the generating principle; the meter is in a permanent state of contradiction.

Three-against-two

The cross-rhythmic ratio three-over-two (3:2) or vertical hemiola, is the most significant rhythmic cell found in sub-Saharan rhythms. The following measure is evenly divided by three beats and two beats. The two cycles do not share equal status though. The two bottom notes are the primary beats, the ground, the main temporal referent. The three notes above are the secondary beats. Typically, the dancer's feet mark the primary beats, while the secondary beats are accented musically.

Three-over-two cross-rhythm.  Play (help·info)

The example below shows the African 3:2 cross-rhythm within its proper metric structure.

Three-over-two cross-rhythm.

Novotney observes: "The 3:2 relationship (and [its] permutations) is the foundation of most typical polyrhythmic textures found in West African musics."^[18] 3:2 is the generative or theoretic form of sub-Saharan rhythmic principles. Agawu succinctly states: "[The] resultant [3:2] rhythm holds the key to understanding . . . there is no independence here, because 2 and 3 belong to a single Gestalt."^[19]

Three-against-four

The three-against-four (3:4) cross-rhythm consists of a "slow" cycle of three beats over four main beats. The three-beat cycle is represented as half-notes in the following example for visual emphasis.

Three-against-four cross-rhythm.  Play (help·info)

Hyperbeat

Hypermeter: 4 beat measure, 4 measure hypermeasure, and 4 hypermeasure verses. Hyperbeats in red.

A hyperbeat is one unit of hypermeter, generally a measure. "Hypermeter is meter, with all its inherent characteristics, at the level where measures act as beats."^[20]

Related concepts

• Afterbeat refers to a percussion style where a strong accent is sounded on the second, third and fourth beats of the bar, following the downbeat.^[10]
• In Reggae music, the term One Drop reflects the complete de-emphasis (to the point of silence) of the first beat in the cycle.
• James Brown’s signature funk groove emphasized the downbeat – that is, with heavy emphasis "on the one" (the first beat of every measure) – to etch his distinctive sound, rather than the back beat (familiar to many R&B musicians) which places the emphasis on the second beat.^{[21][22][23][24][25]}

See also

• Break (music)

References

1. ^ Berry, Wallace (1976/1986). Structural Functions in Music, p.349. ISBN 0-486-25384-8.
2. ^ Winold, Allen (1975). "Rhythm in Twentieth-Century Music", Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music, p.213. Wittlich, Gary (ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice–Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
3. ^ "Downbeat". Grove Music Online. 2007. http://www.grovemusic.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10. 
4. ^ ^{a b} DOGANTAN, MINE (2007). "Upbeat". Grove Music Online. http://www.grovemusic.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Schroedl, Scott (2001). Play Drums Today!, p.11. Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-634-02185-0.
6. ^ Snyder, Jerry (1999). Jerry Snyder's Guitar School, p.28. ISBN 0-7390-0260-0.
7. ^ ^{a b} "Beat: Accentuation. (i) Strong and weak beats.". Grove Music Online. 2007. http://www.grovemusic.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10. 
8. ^ "Off-beat". Grove Music Online. 2007. http://www.grovemusic.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10. 
9. ^ "Introduction to the 'Chop'", Anger, Darol. Strad (0039-2049); 10/01/2006, Vol. 117 Issue 1398, p72-75.
10. ^ ^{a b} "Backbeat". Grove Music Online. 2007. http://www.grovemusic.com. Retrieved February 10, 2007. 
11. ^ The Ultimate Jazz Archive - Set 17/42
12. ^ ^{a b} Mattingly, Rick (2006). All About Drums, p.104. Hal Leonard. ISBN 1-4234-0818-7.
13. ^ http://partners.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/611095^{[dead link]}
14. ^ NPR News Riding the Rails to Stardom - The Maddox Brothers and Rose
15. ^ "The Maddox Bros & Rose". Rockabilly Hall of Fame. http://www.rockabillyhall.com/MaddoxRose.html. Retrieved June 29, 2011. 
16. ^ ^{a b} Cateforis, C. (2011). Are We Not New Wave?: Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s. University of Michigan Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-0-472-03470-3. 
17. ^ New Harvard Dictionary of Music (1986: 216). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
18. ^ Novotney, Eugene D. (1998). The Three Against Two Relationship as the Foundation of Timelines in West African Musics Urbana, IL: University of Illinois. UnlockingClave.com.
19. ^ Agawu, Kofi (2003: 92). Representing African Music: Postcolonial Notes, Queries, Positions New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-94390-6.
20. ^ Neal, Jocelyn. Wolfe, Charles K., and James E. Akenson (eds.) (2000). "Songwriter's Signature, Artist's Imprint: The Metric Structure of a Country Song", p.115, Country Music Annual 2000. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-0989-2.
21. ^ Pareles, Jon (2006-12-25). "James Brown, the ‘Godfather of Soul’, Dies at 73". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/25/arts/music/25cnd-brown.html?pagewanted=2&ei=5088&en=91af3e9694363d10&ex=1324702800&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. Retrieved 2007-01-10. 
22. ^ Gross, T. (1989). Musician Maceo Parker (Fresh Air WHYY-FM audio interview). National Public Radio. Retrieved January 22, 2007.
23. ^ Lessons in listening - Concepts section: Fantasy, Earth Wind & Fire, The Best of Earth Wind & Fire Volume I, Freddie White. (1998, January). Modern Drummer Magazine, pp. 146–152. Retrieved January 21, 2007.
24. ^ According to the New York Times, by the "mid-1960s Brown was producing his own recording sessions. In February 1965, with “Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag,” he decided to shift the beat of his band: from the one-two-three-four backbeat to one-two-three-four. “I changed from the upbeat to the downbeat,” Mr. Brown said in 1990. “Simple as that, really.”
25. ^ According to Maceo Parker, Brown's former saxophonist, playing on the downbeat was at first hard for him and took some getting used to. Reflecting back to his early days with Brown's band, Parker reported that he had difficulty in playing "on the one" during solo performances, since he was used to hearing and playing with the accent on the second beat.

Further reading

• de Momigny, Jérôme-Joseph (1821). La seule vraie théorie de la musique. Paris. 
• Riemann, Hugo (1884). Musikalische Dynamik und Agogik. Hamburg. 
• Lussy, Mathis (1903). L’anacrouse dans la musique moderne. Paris. 
• Cone, Edward T. (1968). Musical Form and Musical Performance. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-09767-6. 

v t e Rhythm and meter Additive and divisive Beat Composite rhythm Counting Cross-beat Duration Groove Meter Polyrhythm Pulse Rhythmic gesture Rhythmic unit Swing Syncopation Tempo Time scale Time signature

v t e Musical notation and development Staff Bar & bar line Clef Da capo Dal segno Key signature Ledger line Musical mode Musical scale Rehearsal letter Repeat sign Time signature Transposition Transposing instrument Notes Accidental Flat Natural Sharp Dotted note Grace note Note value Beam Note head Stem Pitch Rest Tuplet Interval Helmholtz pitch notation Letter notation Scientific pitch notation Articulation Dynamics Ornament Trill Mordent Grace note Portato Accent Legato Tenuto Marcato Staccato Staccatissimo Tie Slur Fermata Tonguing Development Cell Coda Exposition Figure Harmony Hook Lick Melody Motif Ossia Ostinato Period Phrase Recapitulation Repetition Rhythm Beat Meter Tempo Theme Tonality Atonality Related Braille music Chord chart Figured bass Graphic notation Lead sheet Eye music Neume Tablature List of musical symbols

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Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - banke (på), slå
v. intr. - slå, banke
n. - slag
adj. - udmattet, udaset

idioms:

• beat a person to it    slå en person lige på målstregen, besejre en person
• beat a retreat    trække sig tilbage
• beat about the bush    tale med uld i munden, være vag i sine udtalelser
• beat around the bush    tale med uld i munden, være vag i sine udtalelser
• beat black and blue    slå gul og blå
• beat down    prutte om prisen, tinge
• Beat it    skrup af, skrid
• beat on    hamre på, slå løs på
• beat one's breast    slå sig på brystet, prale
• beat one's chest    slå sig på brystet, prale
• beat out    banke ud, udbanke
• beat silly    gennembanke
• beat someone at their own game    slå nogen på deres egen hjemmebane
• beat the (living) daylights out of    tæske nogen til lirekassemand
• beat the clock    blive færdig før fristen udløber
• beat the drum    blive færdig i tide
• beat the hell out of    slå til plukfisk
• beat the record    slå rekorden
• beat the shit out of    slå til plukfisk, tæske nogen i laser
• beat time    slå takt
• beat to a pulp    slå hjernen ind på, tæske nogen i smadder
• beat up    slå til plukfisk, gennemtæve
• beat up on    slå til plukfisk, gennemtæve
• Beats me    det fatter jeg ikke
• if you can't beat them, join them    hvis man ikke kan slå dem, må man slutte sig til dem
• on the beat    på beatet

Nederlands (Dutch)
slaan, kloppen, uitkloppen, verslaan, klappen (vleugels), platlopen, een raadsel zijn, oplichten, uitputten/kammen, ontlopen, tempo aangeven, ritme, tel (muziek), klap, uitgeput

Français (French)
v. tr. - frapper, fouetter, battre (des ¯ufs), (Mil) battre (en/la retraite), vaincre, triompher de, (Chasse) battre (des bois)
v. intr. - battre, taper, darder ses rayons, battre (c¯ur, pouls, tambour), (Naut) louvoyer
n. - battement, pulsation, roulement, battement (acoustique), (Mus) temps, battement de la mesure, rythme, ronde, secteur (policier), (fig) domaine, battue (à la chasse)
adj. - éreinté, claqué

idioms:

• beat a retreat    battre en retraite
• beat about the bush    tourner autour du pot
• beat around the bush    tourner autour du pot, aller par quatre chemins
• beat black and blue    rouer (qn) de coups
• beat down    battre, pleuvoir à verse, baisser, faire baisser, faire baisser ses prix (à qn)
• Beat it    casse-toi (excl), barre-toi (excl)
• beat off    repousser (qn, une attaque)
• beat on    battre contre
• beat one's breast    se frapper la poitrine
• beat one's chest    se frapper la poitrine
• beat out    étouffer (un feu), marteler, amincir au marteau, (US, fig) se creuser (la cervelle), marquer (le rythme), battre (la mesure)
• beat silly    casser la figure à, tabasser
• beat someone at their own game    battre qn à son propre jeu
• beat someone back    repousser l'ennemi
• beat someone off    repousser l'ennemi
• beat someone to it    devancer qn à cela
• beat something off    repousser qch
• beat the clock    jouer dans les temps
• beat the drum for    faire du tapage autour
• beat the drum of    faire du tapage de
• beat the hell out of    frapper/cogner comme un malade
• beat the living daylights out of    casser la figure à
• beat the record    battre un record
• beat the shit out of    casser la gueule à
• beat time    battre la mesure
• beat to a pulp    réduire (qn) en bouillie, littérature de gare (péj)
• beat up    fouetter, battre (des ¯ufs), passer à tabac, tabasser, racoler, recruter
• beat up on    faire face à
• Beats me    cela me dépasse!
• if you can't beat them, join them    adopter la tactique de son ennemi, il faut savoir hurler avec les loups
• miss a beat    rater un battement (le c¯ur)
• on the beat    (faire) la ronde (un policier)

Deutsch (German)
v. - schlagen, klopfen, hämmern, ein Rätsel sein
n. - Schlag, Rhythmus, Runde, Revier, (Phys.) Schwebung
adj. - (ugs.) erschlagen, kaputt, Beat(generation)

idioms:

• beat a retreat    sich zurückziehen
• beat about the bush    um den heißen Brei herumreden
• beat around the bush    um den heißen Brei herumreden
• beat black and blue    windelweich prügeln
• beat down    herunterhandeln, herunterbrennen/-prasseln, einschlagen
• Beat it    Verschwinde!
• beat off    abschlagen
• beat on    schlagen gegen
• beat one's breast    sich an die Brust trommeln
• beat one's chest    sich an die Brust trommeln
• beat out    (her)aushämmern, aus dem Feld schlagen
• beat silly    das Fell versohlen
• beat someone at their own game    mit eigenen Waffen schlagen
• beat someone back    zurückschlagen
• beat someone off    abschlagen
• beat someone to it    jd. plant etwas zu machen, aber eine andere Person tut das vor ihm
• beat something off    abschlagen
• beat the clock    früher fertig werden
• beat the drum for    etwas/jdn unterstützen
• beat the drum of    etwas/jdn unterstützen
• beat the hell out of    jmdn. zusammenschlagen od. -treten
• beat the living daylights out of    zu Brei schlagen
• beat the record    etwas schneller machen, als es früher nie gemacht wurde
• beat the shit out of    jmdn. zusammenschlagen
• beat time    den Takt schlagen
• beat to a pulp    zu Brei schlagen
• beat up    schlagen, anwerben, zusammenschlagen
• beat up on    (körperlich oder verbal) angreifen
• Beats me    keine Ahnung
• if you can't beat them, join them    wenn man mit dem Gegner nicht fertig wird, läuft man eben zu ihm über
• miss a beat    stocken
• on the beat    auf Runde

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - χτυπώ, βαρώ, κοπανάω, δέρνω, νικώ, κερδίζω, υπερέχω, υπερτερώ, καταπολεμώ, κατανικώ, τιθασεύω, δαμάζω, πάλλομαι
n. - παλμός, χτύπος (της καρδιάς κ.λπ.), σφυγμός, χτύπημα, πλήγμα, (μουσικός) ρυθμός, χρόνος ή μέτρο, περιπολούμενη περιοχή, διαδρομή περιπολίας, (ΗΠΑ) μπίτνικ

idioms:

• beat a person to it    ξεπερνώ, πετυχαίνω πρώτος
• beat a retreat    σαλπίζω/σημαίνω υποχώρηση, λακίζω, τρέπομαι σε άτακτη φυγή, τα παρατάω
• beat about the bush    αποφεύγω την ουσία, δεν λέω να έρθω στο κύριο θέμα
• beat around the bush    αποφεύγω την ουσία, δεν λέω να έρθω στο κύριο θέμα
• beat black and blue    κάνω του αλατιού, κάνω μπλε μαρέν
• beat down    βαράω κατακέφαλα, χτυπώ αλύπητα, τσακίζω, πετυχαίνω έκπτωση
• Beat it    Χάσου! Στρίβε!
• beat on    βαράω, κοπανάω
• beat one's breast    στηθοκοπιέμαι
• beat one's chest    στηθοκοπιέμαι
• beat out    σβήνω (φωτιά), σφυροκοπώ, παίζω στο τύμπανο
• beat silly    σαπίζω στο ξύλο
• beat someone at their own game    νικώ κάποιον με τα δικά του όπλα
• beat the (living) daylights out of    λιανίζω στο ξύλο
• beat the clock    προλαβαίνω, σταματώ το χρόνο
• beat the drum    διαφημίζω, υποστηρίζω ενθουσιωδώς
• beat the hell out of    λιανίζω στο ξύλο, κάνω του αλατιού
• beat the record    καταρρίπτω/σπάω ρεκόρ
• beat the shit out of    λιανίζω στο ξύλο
• beat time    κρατώ ρυθμό, κρατώ το χρόνο
• beat to a pulp    σαπίζω στο ξύλο
• beat up    ξυλοφορτώνω, σπάζω στο ξύλο, χτυπώ (αβγά κ.λπ.)
• beat up on    κατατροπώνω, κάνω του αλατιού
• Beats me    (καθομ.) έλα ντε! ιδέα δεν έχω!
• if you can't beat them, join them    χέρι που δεν μπορείς να το δαγκώσεις, φίλα το
• on the beat    σε περιπολία

Italiano (Italian)
palpitare, frullare, battere, picchiare, essere un enigma per, sconfiggere, ritmo

idioms:

• a stick to beat someone with    uno strumento di attacco
• beat a person to it    aver la meglio
• beat a retreat    battere in ritirata
• beat about/around the bush    menare il can per l'aia
• beat black and blue    pestare di santa ragione
• beat down    tirare sul prezzo
• Beat it!    vattene!
• beat on    battere a, battere contro, battere su, picchiare a, picchiare contro, picchiare su, sbattere contro
• beat out    sbattere fuori
• beat silly    conciare per le feste
• beat the daylights out of    conciare per le feste
• beat the drum    pubblicizzare, sonare la batteria
• beat the living daylights out of    fare a pezzi
• beat the shit of someone    picchiare anche l'anima di qualcuno
• beat time    battere il tempo
• beat to a pulp    fare a pezzi
• beat up    frullare, sbattere, massacrare
• beat up on    pestare di santa ragione
• beat your breast/chest    battersi il petto
• Beats me!    non capisco!
• if you can't beat them, join them    se non puoi vincerli, seguili
• miss a beat    mancare una battuta
• on the beat    puntuale

Português (Portuguese)
v. - vencer, bater, derrotar, superar, conquistar, palpitar
n. - batida (f), ritmo (m) (Mús.), pulsação (f), ronda (f), círculo eleitoral (EUA)

idioms:

• beat a person to it    levar a melhor
• beat a retreat    bater em retirada
• beat about/around the bush    desviar do assunto
• beat black and blue    deixar roxo de pancada
• beat down    arrombar
• Beat it!    Cai fora!
• beat on    bater em algo/alguém
• beat one's breast    mostrar tristeza em público
• beat one's chest    mostrar tristeza em público
• beat out    extinguir (fogo)
• beat silly    pessoa tola
• beat the (living) daylights out of    bater em alguém com força
• beat the record    bater o recorde
• beat the shit out of    bater violentamente
• beat time    marcar compasso (Mús.)
• beat to a pulp    bater de forma violenta
• beat up    espancar, desancar
• beat up on    bater em alguém mais fraco
• Beats me!    Dou-me por vencido!, Isto eu não sei!
• if you can't beat them, join them    se você não pode ir contra, junte-se a eles
• not miss a beat    não perder uma briga
• on the beat    na marca

Русский (Russian)
бить, колотить, биться, взбивать, выбивать, прочесывать, побеждать, ставить в тупик, смертельно устал, такт, ритм

idioms:

• a stick to beat someone with    причина использовать против
• beat a person to it    перебежать, успеть первым
• beat a retreat    поспешно отступать
• beat about/around the bush    уклончиво отвечать, тянуть резину
• beat black and blue    лупить как сидорову козу
• beat down    рядиться и получить дешевлю
• Beat it!    вали отсюда
• beat on    отлупить, избить, настаивать
• beat out    отстукивать ритм
• beat silly    сделать дурака
• beat the (living) daylights out of    отметелить
• beat the drum    бить в барабан, раздувать
• beat the record    побить рекорд
• beat the shit out of    отметелить
• beat time    держать ритм
• beat to a pulp    избить до полусмерти
• beat up    лупить, избивать, старый, потрепанный
• beat up on    подыскать
• beat your breast/chest    каяться
• Beats me!    понятия не имею
• if you can't beat them, join them    с волками жить - по волчьи выть
• not miss a beat    не пропустить один такт
• on the beat    полицейский маршрут

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - latir, palpitar, pulsar, batir, sacudir, golpear, martillear, vencer, derrotar, ganar, rebasar
v. intr. - latir, palpitar, ganar, soplar, batir con violencia, golpear en
n. - latido, pulsación, ritmo, tiempo, compás
adj. - derrengado, rendido de cansancio

idioms:

• beat a retreat    batirse en retirada
• beat about the bush    andarse con rodeos
• beat around the bush    andarse con rodeos
• beat black and blue    moler a palos, moler a golpes
• beat down    regatear, obtener un precio más bajo, derribar
• Beat it    ¡lárgate!, ¡márchate!
• beat off    espantar, rechazar
• beat on    golpear a, golpear contra, golpear en, golpear sobre
• beat one's breast    golpearse el pecho (en arrepentimiento)
• beat one's chest    golpearse el pecho (en arrepentimiento)
• beat out    tocar una pieza de jazz haciendo énfasis en el ritmo, apagar el fuego a golpes, (béisbol) llegar a primera base
• beat silly    moler a palos, zurrar
• beat someone at their own game    derrotar a alguien utilizando sus mismos métodos
• beat someone back    devolver el golpe a alguien
• beat someone off    echar a alguien
• beat someone to it    echar a alguien
• beat something off    espantar algo
• beat the clock    terminar algo antes del tiempo especificado
• beat the drum for    batir el tambor, promover, publicar, resonar, redoblar
• beat the drum of    batir el tambor, promover, publicar, resonar, redoblar
• beat the hell out of    sacudir a alguien de lo lindo, sacarle la mugre a
• beat the living daylights out of    moler a palos, zurrar, zurrar la badana
• beat the record    batir un record, ganar
• beat the shit out of    moler a palos
• beat time    marcar el compás
• beat to a pulp    moler a palos, matar a golpes
• beat up    moler a palos, dar una soberana tunda
• beat up on    dar una paliza
• Beats me    no lo entiendo, no me explico
• if you can't beat them, join them    si no puedes derrotarlos, únete a ellos
• miss a beat    lerdo, fuera de ritmo, arritmia
• on the beat    alerta (policía)

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - slå, piska, bulta, hamra, smida, driva, vispa, slå rekord, övervinna
n. - slag, takt, bultande, rond, pass

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
打, 敲, 击, 拍打, 冲击, 扑动, 跳动, 吹打, 敲打, 巡逻区域, 拍子, 筋疲力尽的, 大吃一惊的, 垂头丧气的

idioms:

• beat a person to it    赶在...前头行动
• beat a retreat    撤退, 放弃
• beat about the bush    拐弯抹角
• beat around the bush    拐弯抹角
• beat black and blue    打得遍体鳞伤
• beat down    打倒, 镇压, 杀价
• Beat it    走开, 滚开
• beat on    火般照晒, 波浪似扑向
• beat one's breast    捶胸表白...
• beat one's chest    捶胸表白...
• beat out    敲打, 扑灭
• beat silly    狠揍, 痛打
• beat someone at their own game    以牙还牙
• beat the (living) daylights out of    把某人狠揍一顿
• beat the clock    赶在最后期限完成
• beat the drum    击鼓
• beat the hell out of    打的起劲地, 打的又快又猛地
• beat the record    破记录
• beat the shit out of    把某人打得屁滚尿流
• beat time    打拍子
• beat to a pulp    打得稀巴烂
• beat up    痛打, 搅拌
• beat up on    痛打...
• Beats me    难倒, 无法解答, 大惑不解
• if you can't beat them, join them    打不过他们就加入他们
• on the beat    合拍

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 打, 敲, 擊, 拍打, 衝擊, 撲動, 跳動
v. intr. - 打, 敲, 擊, 衝擊, 吹打, 拍打
n. - 敲打, 巡邏區域, 拍子
adj. - 筋疲力盡的, 大吃一驚的, 垂頭喪氣的

idioms:

• beat a person to it    趕在...前頭行動
• beat a retreat    撤退, 放棄
• beat about the bush    拐彎抹角
• beat around the bush    拐彎抹角
• beat black and blue    打得遍體鱗傷
• beat down    打倒, 鎮壓, 殺價
• Beat it    走開, 滾開
• beat on    火般照曬, 波浪似撲向
• beat one's breast    捶胸表白...
• beat one's chest    捶胸表白...
• beat out    敲打, 撲滅
• beat silly    狠揍, 痛打
• beat someone at their own game    以牙還牙
• beat the (living) daylights out of    把某人狠揍一頓
• beat the clock    趕在最後期限完成
• beat the drum    擊鼓
• beat the hell out of    打的起勁地, 打的又快又猛地
• beat the record    破記錄
• beat the shit out of    把某人打得屁滾尿流
• beat time    打拍子
• beat to a pulp    打得稀巴爛
• beat up    痛打, 攪拌
• beat up on    痛打...
• Beats me    難倒, 無法解答, 大惑不解
• if you can't beat them, join them    打不過他們就加入他們
• on the beat    合拍

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 치다, 부딪히다, 날개 치다
v. intr. - 계속해서 치다, 뛰다, 거세게 내리치다
n. - 구타, 치는 소리, 순찰 구역
adj. - 지쳐 빠진, 불시에 당하여, 비트족의

idioms:

• beat a person to it    기선을 제압하다, 앞지르다
• beat a retreat    퇴각의 북을 치다(퇴각하다)
• beat about the bush    덤불 언저리를 두드려 짐승을 몰아 내다, 넌지시 떠보다, 요점을 말하지 않다
• beat around the bush    덤불 언저리를 두드려 짐승을 몰아 내다, 넌지시 떠보다, 요점을 말하지 않다
• beat black and blue    때려 멍 투성이로 만들다
• beat down    타도하다, 낙담 시키다, 내리쬐다
• Beat it    나가라
• beat on    내리치다
• beat one's breast    가슴을 치다(변명,장담 위해)
• beat one's chest    가슴을 치다(변명,장담 위해)
• beat out    두드려 패다, ~을 패배 시키다, 지치게 하다
• beat silly    기절하게 때리다
• beat someone at their own game    그들 자신과의 싸움에서 이기다
• beat the (living) daylights out of    남을 때려 의식을 잃게 하다
• beat the clock    정각까지 일을 마치다
• beat the drum    드럼을 두드리다
• beat the hell out of    ~을 때려 눕히다
• beat the record    기록을 깨다
• beat the shit out of    매우 심하게 때리다
• beat time    박자를 맞추다
• beat to a pulp    늘씬하게 패주다
• beat up    기습하다, ~을 모으다, ~을 때리다
• beat up on    때려눕히다

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 打つ, 打ち鳴らす, 打ち負かす, …より勝る, 取る, 刻む, 鼓動する, うなりを生じる, 打ち延ばす, 強くかき混ぜる
n. - 打つこと, 打つ音, 鼓動, 拍子, 指揮棒の一振り, 巡回路, ビート

idioms:

• beat a person to it    先手を打つ
• beat a retreat    退却の太鼓を打つ, 退却する
• beat about/around the bush    遠まわしに言う
• beat black and blue    青黒いあざができるほどなぐる
• beat down    打ち倒す, 照り付ける, 値引きさせる, 値切る
• Beat it!    急いで去る, 飛んで行く
• beat on    襲いかかる
• beat out    たたいて消す, 演奏する, 打ち延ばす, 打ち鳴らす
• beat silly    激しく打つ
• beat someone at their own game    相手の得意技でやっ付ける
• beat someone's brains out    知恵を絞る, 考え抜く
• beat the (living) daylights out of    さんざん打ちのめす
• beat the clock    定時までに仕事を終える
• beat the drum    太鼓を鳴らす, 騒々しく宣伝する
• beat the record    記録を破る
• beat the shit out of    完膚なきまでにやっ付ける
• beat time    拍子を取る, 拍子をとる
• beat to a pulp    こてんこてんにやっ付ける
• beat up    強くかき混ぜる, 集める
• beat up on    叩きのめす
• beat your breast/chest    大げさに表明する
• Beats me!    分からん!
• if you can't beat them    勝てない場合は
• on the beat    調子が整って

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) ضرب, دق, غلب, انتصر على, هزم, خفق, قرع, نفض (الاسم) نبضه, وحدة الأيقاع في الموسيقى, ضربه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮היכה, הלם, גבר על, ריקע מתכת, טרף (ביצה), בחש, כבש שביל ברגליו, תופף, סימן קצב‬
v. intr. - ‮סחוט, בחש, פעם בקצב (לב), עלה וירד‬
n. - ‮דפיקה, מכה, מיקצב, קיצבה, פעמה, מסלול, מקוף, נתיב קבוע‬
adj. - ‮עייף, סחוט, של ביטניק, עלה וירד‬

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