Belfort

Coordinates: 47°38′30″N 6°51′00″E / 47.641667°N 6.85°E / 47.641667; 6.85

Commune of Belfort
View of the western part of Belfort
Location
Belfort
Administration
Country	France
Region	Franche-Comté
Department	Territoire de Belfort (préfecture)
Arrondissement	Belfort
Canton	Chief town of 5 cantons[1]
Intercommunality	Agglomération Belfortaine
Mayor	Étienne Butzbach (MRC) (2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	354–650 m (1,160–2,130 ft) (avg. 358 m/1,170 ft)
Land area1	17.10 km2 (6.60 sq mi)
Population2	50,417  (1999)
- Density	2,948 /km2 (7,640 /sq mi)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	90010/ 90000
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Belfort (German: Beffert) is a town and commune of north-eastern France, préfecture (capital) of the Territoire de Belfort département in the Franche-Comté région. Population (1999): 50,417. Approximately 60,000 including suburbs.

It is located on the Savoureuse, on the strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône - the Belfort Gap (Trouée de Belfort) or Burgundian Gate (Porte de Bourgogne).

History

Belfort's strategic location, in a natural gap between the Vosges and the Jura, on a route linking the Rhine and the Rhône, has attracted human settlement and made it a target for armies.

The site of Belfort was inhabited in Gallo-Roman times and was subsequently recorded in the 13th century as a possession of the counts of Montbéliard, who granted it a charter in 1307.

Previously an Austrian possession, Belfort was transferred to France by the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), that ended the Thirty Years' War. The town's fortifications were extended and developed by the military architect Vauban for Louis XIV.

Until 1871, Belfort was part of the département of Haut-Rhin, in Alsace. The Siege of Belfort, between 3 November 1870 and 18 February 1871, was successfully resisted until the garrison was ordered to surrender 21 days after the armistice between France and Prussia. Because this part of Alsace was French speaking, while the rest of Alsace was German speaking, the area around Belfort was not annexed by the Prussians. It formed, as it still does, the Territoire de Belfort. The siege is commemorated by a huge statue, the Lion of Belfort, by Frédéric Bartholdi.

Alsatians who sought a new French home in Belfort made a significant contribution to its industry.

The town was bombarded by the Germans in World War I and occupied by them in World War II. In November 1944 the retreating German army held the French First Army before the town until French Commandos made a successful night attack on the Salbert Fort. Belfort was liberated on 22 November.

Industry

Belfort is a trading centre for wine and grain and its industries include chemicals, engineering, plastics and textiles. Belfort is also the hometown of Alstom where the first TGVs (Trains Grande Vitesse) were produced. As well as of the GE Energy European headquarter and centre of excellence for the manufacturing of gas turbines.

Sights

Lion of Belfort

• Belfort is the home of the Lion of Belfort, a sculpture by Frédéric Bartholdi expressing people's resistance against the siege in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) — who shortly afterwards built the Statue of Liberty in New York.
• The Belfort Cathedral, 18th century
• There are also plenty of other things to see in a city that is trying and showing better its heritage, mainly the citadel, the old town and its museographic riches:
  • In 2007, the Belfort city museums are to be completely restructured within three main poles: history (from archeology to military) in the old barracks on the top of the citadel, arts (mainly from 16th to 19th century) in the Tour 41 and modern arts in the Donation Jardot.
  • Since July of the same year, a new touristic sight of the citadel has been opened to the public - with a sound-, video- and light-animated trail in the moats and the big underpass of the citadel. Its name: "La Citadelle de la Liberté" (Citadel of Liberty)

FIMU

Belfort is also well known for organizing a large-scale music festival in May each year. The Festival International de Musique Universitaire (FIMU) is home to nearly 2500 musicians, most of them students, from many different countries. The musicians give more than 250 concerts in the course of the 3-day festival in a wide variety of styles (classical, jazz, traditional, experimental, etc.). All of the concerts are free of charge and are performed at 14 different locations in the old city (the vieille ville) of Belfort. In 2004 more than 60,000 people attended the festival. In 2005 the festival was held on 14–16 May.

Culture

Events

• The Belfort Tattoo Convention which remains after 14 years of existence is the oldest convention of France. Official Website

Miscellaneous

Births

Belfort was the birthplace of:

• François Joseph Heim (1787-1865), painter
• Jules Brunet (1838-1911), a member of the first French Military Mission to Japan in order to help modernize the armies of the shogunate
• Louis-Gabriel-Charles Vicaire (1848-1900), poet
• Raymond Forni (1941-2008), politician
• Jean-Pierre Chevènement (born 1939), politician
• Gérard Grisey (born 1946-1998), composer
• Alexander Toponce (1839-1923), American pioneer

DEATHS

• Leon Delarbre [painter - know from his drawings for the shoa camps]

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Belfort is twinned with:

• Delémont, Switzerland
• Leonberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
• Lobenstein, Thuringia, Germany
• New Belgrade, Serbia
• Skikda, Algeria
• Stafford, United Kingdom
• Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

See also

• Communes of the Territoire de Belfort department

Notes and references

1. ^ Cantons of Belfort-Centre, Belfort-Est, Belfort-Nord, Belfort-Ouest and Belfort-Sud.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Belfort

• City council website (in French)
• Tourist office website
• FIMU Music festival, Belfort
• Belfort Tourism Information
• Visiting Belfort
• Webpage about the fortifications
• La Citadelle de la Liberté, a new way of visiting Belfort's magnificent citadel
• Léon Delarbre (French)