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Dictionary:

bell1

  (bĕl) pronunciation
n.
  1. A hollow metal musical instrument, usually cup-shaped with a flared opening, that emits a metallic tone when struck.
  2. Something resembling such an instrument in shape or sound, as:
    1. The round, flared opening of a wind instrument at the opposite end from the mouthpiece.
    2. bells A percussion instrument consisting of metal tubes or bars that emit tones when struck.
    3. A hollow, usually inverted vessel, such as one used for diving deep below the surface of a body of water.
    4. The corolla of a flower: “In a cowslip's bell I lie” (Shakespeare).
  3. Nautical.
    1. A stroke on a hollow metal instrument to mark the hour.
    2. The time indicated by the striking of this instrument, divided into half hours.

v., belled, bell·ing, bells.

v.tr.
  1. To put a bell on.
  2. To cause to flare like a bell.
v.intr.

To assume the form of a bell; flare.

idiom:

bell the cat

  1. To perform a daring act.

[Middle English belle, from Old English.]


bell2 (bĕl) pronunciation
n.

The bellowing or baying cry of certain animals, such as a deer in rut or a beagle on the hunt.

intr.v., belled, bell·ing, bells.

To utter long, deep, resonant sounds; bellow.

[From Middle English bellen, to bellow, from Old English bellan.]


 
 
How Products are Made: How is a bell made?

Background

Since prehistoric times bells have been used to herald significant events. Bells call the faithful to worship and toll the time. The sound of a bell can express great joy, sound a warning, or signal mourning. Bells have also been rung to bring on or stop the rain, keep evil spirits at bay, invoke curses, and lift spells.

Bells hold an honored place in religious ceremonies. In both Buddhism and Christianity, bells are blessed before each ceremony. In Roman Catholicism, bells are symbols of paradise and the voice of God. The Russian Orthodox and the Chinese employ bells to speak to spirits or God.

Bells are also revered as patriotic symbols, and it was not unusual for invading conquerors to capture and silence the town bell. In the U.S., the great symbol of the American republic is the Liberty Bell.

The Chou Dynasty, which reigned in China from 1122 to 221 B.C., was particularly known for its superior bell founding. European bell founding occurred much later and originated in medieval monasteries. The first European bells resembled cow bells:iron plates that had been hammered square and then riveted together. By the 15th century, founders began to experiment with bell shape and tone. Secular bellmakers gained prestige in the Renaissance with the flourishing of Gothic architecture which featured grand bell towers.

In the 17th century, Belgium and the Netherlands emerged as the leaders in bell founding. Dutch brothers Francois and Pierre Hemony are generally credited with developing the bell into a sophisticated musical instrument. The Hemonys worked with a blind musician named Jacob Van Eyck on a tuning system for the five separate and distinct tones contained in each bell's ring. After the deaths of Francois and Pierre and that of their star pupil, Caes Noorder, in the 18th century, the art suffered a decline. It was not until the 20th century that tuning techniques once again gained excellence.

Bell shapes vary by country and culture. The sides can be straight, convex, concave, or hemispherical. East Asian bells tend to be barrel-shaped while Western bells are tulip-shaped with a bulge near the rim. Chinese bells often have lotus-shaped rims. Bells of Western cultures are generally struck by an interior metal striker as the bell swings back and forth. Asian bells are non-swinging and are usually struck manually on the outside with a wooden mallet.

Raw Materials

While decorative bells can be made of such materials as horn, wood, glass, and clay, bells that are designed to ring or to play music are cast in a bronze alloy of approximately 77% copper and 23% tin. This combination produces a tough, long-lasting material that resists rusting. Bell founders must be careful not to mix in more than 25% tin or the bell will be brittle and susceptible to cracking. It is not unusual for old bells to be melted down and the metal re-used to cast new bells.

The Manufacturing
Process

The craft of casting bells has remained essentially the same since the 12th century. The one singular innovation was the invention of the tuning machine in the 19th century. Prior to that time, the proper tone was achieved by chipping the sides of the bell with a hammer and chisel. This procedure carried a high risk of damaging the bell. The tuning machine, which is essentially a vertical lathe, has reduced that risk. Electronic tuning machines have increased the bell founder's ability to test the accuracy of the bell's tone. All in all, however, creating a bell is still very much a hands-on process.

Calculating the bell design

  • Using the specifications submitted by the purchaser, the bellmaker determines the shape that the bell will need to take in order to resonate with the proper number of vibrations. After estimating the required weight, the bellmaker orders the metal. These are painstaking measurements that can take several weeks of calculations to accomplish.

Making the bell pattern or template

  • The bellmaker cuts out two wooden templates called "strickle boards." One of the boards matches the dimensions of the outer bell (called the case or cope); the other matches that of the inner bell (called the core). These templates are used to construct the mold.

Constructing the mold

  • An exact stone model of the outer bell, sometimes called a false bell, is covered first with sand or loam, then with molten wax. Figures and inscriptions, also made of wax, are applied by hand. The false bell is painted over with three coats of very fine, fireproof clay. It is then enclosed in a steel mantle that has been lowered by rope pulleys.

    The space between the false bell and the mantle is filled with cement. After the cement has hardened, the mantle is lifted off the cement mold. The false bell, under the mold, is chipped away. Any remaining scraps of the false bell are removed with a blow torch. The mold is then set over a coke fire to melt the remaining wax and to evaporate any water that has accumulated.

    A model of the inner bell is constructed of stone and coated with fireproof cement. It is then smoothed to remove any irregularities.

Casting the bell

  • After the mantle has been cleaned, it is again lowered over the outer bell model. The mantle and the outer bell mold are then lowered over the inner mold. The outer and inner sections are clamped together, leaving a space between them, and set into a pit.

    Ingots of bronze are melted in oil burners and heated to a temperature of approximately 1150°F (1100°C). The molten metal is skimmed to remove impurities and then poured into drums. The drums are carried to the pit and carefully tipped so that the hot metal flows into the space between the two molds. Holes in the top of the mantle allow gases to escape. If the gases remained in the metal, the bell would be too porous and easily cracked.

    The bell is allowed to cool for several days. Large bells can take as much as a week to cool completely. Small bells, usually classified as those under 500 pounds (227 kg), can be removed from the molding pit the next day.

Tuning the bell

  • The bell is cast with slightly thicker sides so that the bell can be ground as it twirls slowly upside down on a circular lathe to acquire the precise tone. The bell tuner is highly skilled; it takes years of experience to know just how much metal to remove. The bell tone is tested frequently during the tuning process using an electronic device that registers the vibrations as the bell is struck. If the tone is too low, the lathe operator grinds more metal off the lower edge of the bell. If the tone is too high, the bell is thinned with a file.

Fitting the clapper into the bell

  • The clapper is manufactured in much the same manner as the bell itself. Special care is given to cast the clapper at the proper weight. A clapper that is too light-weight will not bring out the true tones of the bell. A heavy clapper might cause the bell to crack.

    Holes are drilled into the top of the bell. Using mounting bolts and supports, the clapper is fastened to the bell.

Quality Control

Great care is taken to calculate the precise weight and size of the bell before it is cast. If the finished bell does not meet specifications, it is completely melted down and recast. Should a bell crack at a future date, it might be welded and patched, but that is rare. The bell is more likely to be retired, as in the case of the Liberty Bell, or it is melted down and recast.

Where To Learn More

Book

Yolen, Jane. Ring Out! A Book of Bells. The Seabury Press, 1974.

Brochure

Royal Eijsbouts. Schulmerch Carillons, Inc., Carillon Hill, Sellersville, PA 18960, (215)257-2771.

[Article by: Mary F. McNulty]


 
Investment Dictionary: Bell

The ring that marks the open and close of each trading day on many organized financial exchanges, most notably the NYSE.

Investopedia Says:
The bell usually starts ringing when there are five to ten seconds left in the trading day.

Related Links:
Learn some of the important differences in the way they operate and the securities that trade on them. The Tale Of Two Exchanges: NYSE And Nasdaq
If you're new to the stock market and want the basics, this is the tutorial for you! Stock Basics Tutorial
Knowing how the primary and secondary markets work is key to understanding how stocks trade. Markets Demystified
Find out the answers to all the questions you had about stock exchanges but were afraid to ask! Getting to Know Stock Exchanges


 
Financial & Investment Dictionary: Bell

Signal that opens and closes trading on major exchanges-sometimes actually a bell but sometimes a buzzer sound.

 
Idioms: bell

Idioms beginning with bell:
bell the cat, who will

In addition to the idiom beginning with bell, also see clear as a bell; ring a bell; saved by the bell; sound as a bell; with bells on.

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: bell

Hollow vessel, usually of metal, that produces a ringing sound when struck by an interior clapper or a mallet. In the West, open bells have acquired a standard "tulip" shape. Though the vibrational patterns of such open bells are basically nonharmonic, they can be tuned so that the lower overtones produce a recognizable chord. Forged bells have existed for many thousands of years. Bells were first cast, or founded, in the Bronze Age; the Chinese were the first master founders. Bells have carried a wide range of cultural meanings. They are particularly important in religious ritual in East and South Asia. In Christianity, especially Russian Orthodoxy, bells have also been used ritually. They have tolled the hours from monastery and church steeples, originally to govern monastic routine and later also to fill a similar role for the secular world.

For more information on bell, visit Britannica.com.

 
English Folklore: bells

The primary purpose of church and monastery bells was, and is, to remind hearers of a duty of prayer; in medieval times they marked the ‘canonical hours’ for monks (6 a.m., 9 a.m., midday, 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p.m.), rang before Mass and at certain points during Mass, rang the ‘passing bell’ when anyone in the parish was at death's door, and tolled for funerals and the anniversaries of deaths. They also sounded in celebrations and thanksgivings, to honour eminent visitors, at weddings, and to mark holy days. The choice of which bell or bells to ring, for how long, and in what rhythm, was a code indicating what had occurred. Bells were widely believed to frighten away the demons of the air that cause storms and thunder.

Much of this continued after the Reformation. Soon, the unique English skill of change ringing evolved, as set out by Fabian Stedman in his Tintinnalogia (1668) and Campanalogia (1677). The tolling of a single bell was used as a signal to request prayers for a dying person (the ‘passing bell’), and also just before a funeral. Parishes developed local codes for the latter—three strokes for a child, six for a woman, nine for a man was common; but Didsbury (Cheshire) did eight for a child, twelve for a woman, sixteen for a man; Marsham (Suffolk) did three for a girl, four for a boy, five for a spinster, seven for a wife or widow, eight for a bachelor, nine for a husband or widower; some places then gave as many strokes as the age of the deceased. Peals were rung for local celebrations, especially weddings, and for public festivals and national events.

Bell-ringing took on a secular role as the Morning Bell, rung in many places at 5 a.m. in summer and 6 a.m. in winter to summon labourers to work, and the curfew at 8 or 9 p.m. to mark the day's end. There are numerous records of benefactors leaving a piece of land to a church, for its rent to pay someone for ringing peals and curfews; at Kidderminster (Wiltshire), Twyford (Hampshire), and elsewhere, legend says the donor's life was saved when the sound of a bell guided him or her home when lost. Bells also signalled the opening of markets, the moment when gleaners could enter a harvested field, and the making of fritters and pancakes on Shrove Tuesday.

Many places have a legend telling how a church bell fell into deep water, and could never be recovered. In some cases it fell in accidentally; in others, it was carried off by looters, or demonic forces. Rescue attempts failed because some taboo was infringed, and the bell sank back. The tale usually concludes by saying that it can still sometimes be heard ringing underwater. Legends about churches or wicked villages submerged or swallowed up as a judgement also often include this final detail; so do some traditions about real medieval villages lost through coastal erosion, for example at Dunwich (Suffolk).

Bibliography
The full bibliography list is available here.

  • Tom Ingram, Bells in England (1954)
  • Camp, 1988
 
Architecture: bell


1. The body of a Corinthian capital or a Composite capital, with the foliage removed; also called a vase or basket.
2. The portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint; also called a hub.

bell, 1
bell, 1

 
Archaeology Dictionary: bell

[Ar]

A hollow metal dome-shaped object that when struck makes a clear musical note. Two main types can be recognized in Europe. The first, and oldest type, is made from a sheet of metal cut to a pattern and then bent into an open-ended rectangular or oval form, riveted together, with a clapper suspended in the centre. The second type, of medieval and later date, is made by casting the whole form in a single mould with a clapper being added to a cast spigot inside the bell. In China bells very rarely have internal clappers but are instead struck on the outside with a mallet.
 
Columbia Encyclopedia: bell,
in music, a percussion instrument consisting of a hollow metal vessel, often cup-shaped with an outward-flaring rim, damped at one end and set into vibration by a blow from a clapper within or from a hammer without.

A portable set of bells, usually not more than 15 in number, tuned to the intervals of the major scale, is known as a chime and were first used by the ancient Chinese. A carillon is a larger stationary set with chromatic intervals and as many as 70 bells, which are played from a keyboard. Harmonies and effects of shading, not possible on a chime, are part of the art of carillon playing—an art for which there is a school in Belgium. The bells of a carillon must be tuned with more accuracy than those of a chime; the best modern craftsmen can tune the fundamental (known as the hum note), the octave (known as the strike note), the twelfth, and the fifteenth with perfect accuracy.

An interesting and unexplained illusion manifest in bells is their apparent pitch (strike note): the pitch the observer hears can often be scientifically proved to be different from any of the pitches produced by the bell. Bells have been known in all metal-using cultures and civilizations and have been used in connection with all major religions except Islam. Many legends and traditions are associated with bells, which have been used for signaling, in dancing, and as protective charms. Apparently originating in Asia, in early times bells were employed for religious purposes and were used in Christianity by the 6th cent. Early bells were blessed with holy water, in the belief that dedication to Christian service gave power to ward off lightning.

Sets of bells tuned to a musical scale and called cymbala were used in the Middle Ages for musical instruction and to accompany chant in churches. In the 13th cent., tower bells were attached to clocklike mechanisms to strike the hours. The carillon developed out of the Belgian voorslag of the 15th cent., a set of bells attached to a large tower clock that played a tune before striking the hour. In the Low Countries, where the making and playing of carillons centered, the principal cities vied over the size and complexity of their instruments. A peak in European carillon making was reached in the work of the brothers Frans (1609–67) and Pieter (1619–80) Hemony of Amsterdam. The carillonneur's art flourished until the 18th cent., declining during the French Revolution, when many carillons were melted to make armaments.

Toward the end of the 19th cent., English bellmakers rediscovered the secrets of tuning that had been used by the 17th-century Dutch and Flemish craftsmen. This, with improvements in methods of striking, in placement of the bells, and in action of the keyboard, has made 20th-century carillons the finest in existence. Active in a renaissance of carillon music was Jef Denijn (1862–1941), carillonneur of Mechlin. Since World War I many carillons have been installed in the United States; outstanding is that of the Riverside Church, New York (1930), whose 20.5-ton bourdon bell is the largest ever cast in England. The largest bell in the world was the Great Bell of Moscow; cast in 1733–35, it was broken in a fire in 1737.

Bibliography

See P. D. Peery, Chimes and Electric Carillons (1948); W. G. Wilson, Change Ringing (1965); S. N. Coleman, Bells (1928, repr. 1971); H. R. Jones, About Bells and Bell Ringing (1986); R. Johnston et al., An Atlas of Bells (1990).

 
Word Tutor: bell
pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.

pronunciation My mom rang the dinner bell to let us know it was time to eat.

Tutor's tip: The belle (beauty) will ring the bell (hollow object with a clapper that rings when it moves).

 
Wikipedia: bell (instrument)
For other uses, see Bell.


A bell is a simple sound-making device. The bell is a percussion instrument and an idiophone. Its form is usually an open-ended hollow drum which resonates upon being struck. The striking implement can be a tongue suspended within the bell, known as a clapper, a small, free sphere enclosed within the body of the bell, or a separate mallet.

Bells are usually made of cast metal, but small bells can also be made from ceramic or glass. Bells can be of all sizes: from tiny dress accessories to church bells weighing tons.


Church and temple bells

Church with Belltower
Enlarge
Church with Belltower
Bell of the Chapelle Saint-Antoine, Cantal, France
Enlarge
Bell of the Chapelle Saint-Antoine, Cantal, France

In the Western world, its most classical form is a church bell or town bell, which is hung within a tower and sounded by having the entire bell swung by ropes, whereupon an internal hinged clapper strikes the body of the bell (called a free-swinging bell). A set of bells, hung in a circle for change ringing, is known as a ring of bells.

In the Eastern world, the traditional forms of bells are temple and palace bells, small ones being rung by a sharp rap with a stick, and very large ones rung by a blow from the outside by a large swinging beam. This last technique is employed world-wide for some of the largest tower-borne bells, because swinging the bell itself could damage the tower.

In the Roman Catholic Church and among some High Lutherans and Anglicans, small hand-held bells, called Sanctus or sacring bells, are often rung by a server at Mass when the priest holds high up first the host, and then the chalice immediately after he has said the words of consecration over them (the moment known as the Elevation). This serves to indicate to the congregation that the bread and wine have just been transformed into the body and blood of Christ (see transubstantiation), or, in the alternative Reformation teaching, that Christ is now bodily present in the elements, and that what the priest is holding up for them to look at is Christ himself.

Japanese religious bells

Japanese Shintoist and Buddhist bells are used in religious ceremonies. Suzu, a homophone meaning both "cool and refreshing," are spherical bells which contain metal pellets that produce sound from the inside. The hemispherical bell is the Kane bell, which is struck on the outside. See also Kane (musical instrument), ja:鈴, ja:梵鐘.

Buddhist bells

Buddhist bells are used in religious ceremonies. See also Tibetan tingsha bells.

Farm bells

Whereas the church and temple bells called to mass or religious service, bells were used for more secular signalling. The greater farms in Scandinavia usually had a small bell-tower resting on the top of the barn. The bell were used to call the workers from the field at the end of the day's work.

In folk tradition, it is recorded that each church and possibly several farms had their specific rhymes connected to the sound of the specific bells. An example is the Pete Seeger song The Bells of Rhymney.

Bells as musical instruments

Some bells are used as musical instruments, such as carillons, (clock) chimes, or ensembles of bell-players, called bell choirs, using hand-held bells of varying tones. A "ring of bells" is a set of 4 to twelve bells or more used in change ringing, a particular method of ringing bells in patterns. A peal in changing ringing may have bells playing for several hours, playing 5,000 or more patterns without a break or repetition.

Ancient Chinese bells

The ancient Chinese had bronze bells called bianzhong or zhong (鐘) which were used as musical instruments. Some of these bells were dated from 2000 to 3600 years old. These bells can each produce two tones. These bells usually have inscriptions on them from which scholars used as references for studying ancient Chinese writings (also known as Bronzeware script). Another related ancient Chinese musical instrument is called qing (磬 pinyin qing4) but it was made of stone instead of metal.

This copper bell was made by pre-Columbian North American natives.
Enlarge
This copper bell was made by pre-Columbian North American natives.

Bellmaking

The ringing of bells is known as bellringing, and such a bell produces a very loud, clear tone. If the bell is mounted as cast, it is called a "maiden bell" while "tuned bells" are worked after casting to produce a precise note. The traditional metal for these bells is a bronze of about 20% tin. Known as bell metal, this alloy is also the traditional alloy for the finest Turkish and Chinese cymbals. Other materials sometimes used for large bells include brass and iron. The process of casting bells is called bellmaking or bellfounding.

Bell towers

Bells are also associated with clocks, indicating the hour by ringing. Indeed, the word clock comes from the Latin word cloca, meaning bell. Clock towers or bell towers can be heard over long distances which was especially important in the time when clocks were too expensive for widespread use.

In the case of clock towers and grandfather clocks, a particular sequence of tones may be played to represent the hour. One common pattern is called the "Westminster Quarters," a sixteen-note pattern named after the Palace of Westminster which popularized it as the measure used by Big Ben.

Famous bells

The bell within the Clock Tower colloquially known as Big Ben

Mingun Bell weighs 55,555 viss, or 90 tonnes.

Philadelphia's Liberty Bell

Tsar Bell, by the Motorins.

The Zygmunt (Sigismund) Bell in Kraków, Poland.

The World Peace Bell in Kentucky.

St. Petersglocke (with person for scale)

Chinese bells from the ancient Warring States, Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan, China.
  • The Great Bell of Dhammazedi may have been the largest bell ever made. It was lost in a river in Myanmar after being removed from a temple by the Portuguese in 1608. It is reported to have been about 300 tonnes in weight.
  • The Tsar Kolokol bell by the Motorin Bellfounders is the largest bell still in existence. It weighs 160 tonnes, but it was never rung and broke in 1737. It is on display in Moscow, Russia inside the Kremlin.
  • The Great Mingun Bell is the largest functioning bell. It is located in Mingun, Myanmar and weighs 90 tonnes (200,000 lb).
  • The Gotenba Bell is the largest functioning swinging bell, weighing 79,900 lb. It is located in a tourist resort in Gotenba, Japan. Hung in a freestanding frame, and rung by hand. Cast by Eijsbouts in 2006.
  • The World Peace Bell was the largest functioning swinging bell until 2006. It is located in Newport, Kentucky, United States, cast by Paccard of France. The bell itself weighs 66,000 lb while with clapper and supports the total weight which swings when the bell is tolled is 89,390 lb.
  • The Bell of King Seongdeok is the largest extant bell in Korea. The full Korean name means "Sacred Bell of King Seongdeok the Great." It was also known as the Bell of Bongdeoksa Temple, where it was first housed. The bell weighs about 25 tons and was originally cast in 771 CE. It is now stored in the National Museum of Gyeongju.
  • Pummerin in Vienna's Stephansdom is the most famous bell in Austria and the fifth largest in the world.
  • The St. Petersglocke, in the local dialect of Cologne also called "Decke Pitter" (fat Peter), is a bell in Germany's Cologne Cathedral. It weighs 24 tons and was cast in 1922. It is the largest functioning free-swinging bell in the world that swings around the top. (The Gotenba Bell and the World Peace Bell swing around the center of gravity, which is more like turning than swinging. So, depending on the point of view, the St. Petersglocke may be up to now the largest free-swinging bell in the world.)
  • Maria Dolens, the bell for the Fallen in Rovereto (TN - Italy) weighs 22.6 tons.
  • Big Ben is the hour bell of the Great Clock in St. Stephen's Tower at the Palace of Westminster, the home of the Houses of Parliament in the United Kingdom.
  • The South West tower of St Paul's Cathedral in London, England, houses Great Paul, the largest bell in the British Isles. It weighs 16½ tons and is larger than Big Ben. One can hear Great Paul booming out over Ludgate Hill at 1300 every day.
  • Great Tom is the bell that hangs in Tom Tower (designed by Christopher Wren) of Christ Church, Oxford. It was cast in 1680, and weighs over six tons. Great Tom is still rung 101 times at 21:05 every night to signify the 101 original scholars of the college.
  • The Liberty Bell is an American bell of great historic significance, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It previously hung in Independence Hall and was rung on July 4, 1776 to mark American independence.
  • Little John, named after the character from the legends of Robin Hood is the bell within the Clock Tower of Nottingham Council House. It is the deepest bell in the United Kingdom and its chimes are said to be heard over the greatest distance of any in the UK. [citation needed]
  • Sigismund is a bell in the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, Poland, cast in 1520. It is rung only on very significant national occasions.
  • The Maria Gloriosa in Erfurt, cast by Gerhard van Wou, is considered to be one of Germany's, and also Europe's, most beautiful medieval bells, serving as a model for many other bells.[citation needed]

Chimes

A variant on the bell is the tubular bell. Several of these metal tubes which are struck manually with hammers, form an instrument named tubular bells or chimes. In the case of wind or aeolian chimes, the tubes are blown against one another by the wind.

See also

External links


This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
Translations: Translations for: Bell

Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - klokke, bjælde
v. tr. - forsyne med klokke, forsyne med bjælde
v. intr. - danne klokkeform

idioms:

  • bell jar    glasklokke
  • bells and whistles    overflødigt tilbehør, med piber og trommer

2.
n. - ringeapparat, ringklokke
v. intr. - ringe på, kime med klokke

Nederlands (Dutch)
bel, klok, torenklok, schel, brul van hitsig dier, halfuur (scheepstijd), (mv) buisklokken, belvormig iets, klokken, een klokvorm geven, brullen, de bel aanbinden

Français (French)
1.
n. - cloche, clochette, clarine, sonnette, sonnerie, timbre (d'une machine à écrire), calice, pavillon (d'une trompette)
v. tr. - attacher une clochette autour du cou de (une vache)
v. intr. - faire cloche (en parlant d'une jupe), ballonner

idioms:

  • bell jar    cloche en verre
  • bells and whistles    et tout le tralala

2.
n. - bramement (du cerf)
v. intr. - bramer

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Klingel, Glocke, (naut.) Glas
v. - eine Glocke anhängen, mit einer Glocke versehen, Glockenform annehmen

idioms:

  • bell jar    Glasglocke
  • bells and whistles    (EDV) attraktive Zusatzmerkmale

2.
n. - Röhren
v. - röhren

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - καμπάνα, κουδούνι, κουδούνα
v. - βάζω κουδούνι ή καμπάνα, δίνω σχήμα χοάνης ή καμπάνας, μουγκρίζω

idioms:

  • bell jar    κώδωνας (χημείας)
  • bells and whistles    έξτρα (π.χ. πρόσθετες δυνατότητες προγράμματος Η/Υ)

Italiano (Italian)
campana, campanello

idioms:

  • alarm/warning bells ring    campanello d'allarme
  • as clear as a bell    chiaro come la luce del sole
  • as sound as a bell    sano come un pesce
  • bell jar    campana di vetro
  • bells and whistles    fronzoli
  • saved by the bell    salvato all'ultimo momento

Português (Portuguese)
n. - sino (m), campainha (f), som (m) de sino ou campainha
v. - por sino em, tomar a forma de sino

idioms:

  • alarm/warning bells ring    campainha (f) de alarme
  • as clear as a bell    muito claro e fácil de ouvir ou entender
  • as sound as a bell    perfeito, saudável e em boa forma
  • bell jar    campânula, redoma
  • bells and whistles    apetrechos extras
  • ring a bell    lembrar alguém de algo
  • saved by the bell    salvo pelo gongo

Русский (Russian)
колокол, колокольчик, надеть колокол

idioms:

  • alarm/warning bells ring    бить в колокола, предупреждение опасности
  • as clear as a bell    чистый, прозрачный
  • as sound as a bell    в добром здравии, в хорошем состоянии
  • bell jar    стеклянный колпак
  • bells and whistles    прибамбасы
  • ring a bell    казаться знакомым, напоминать о чем-либо
  • saved by the bell    спасен конечным звонком

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - timbre, campana, campanilla, cencerro, cascabel
v. tr. - poner un cascabel en
v. intr. - tomar forma de campana, acampanar

idioms:

  • bell jar    campana de cristal, fanal
  • bells and whistles    rasgos adicionales innecesarios pero atractivos

2.
n. - tañido de campanas, campanada
v. intr. - desarrollarse en forma de campana, bramar (el ciervo)

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - klocka, bjällra, glas (naut.)
v. - ringa med klockan, sätta fast en klocka, forma som en klocka

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
1. 铃, 打击乐器, 钟, 装钟于, 系铃于, 鸣钟, 成钟状鼓起

idioms:

  • bell jar    钟形的玻璃容器或盖子
  • bells and whistles    特殊部分或性能, 产品附加的特色

2. 钟声, 鸣钟, 成钟状鼓起

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 鈴, 打擊樂器, 鍾
v. tr. - 裝鍾於, 系鈴於
v. intr. - 鳴鍾, 成鍾狀鼓起

idioms:

  • bell jar    鐘形的玻璃容器或蓋子
  • bells and whistles    特殊部分或性能, 產品附加的特色

2.
n. - 鐘聲
v. intr. - 鳴鍾, 成鍾狀鼓起

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 종[모양의 것], 나팔바지
v. tr. - 종을 달다, 벌어지게 하다
v. intr. - 종 모양으로 되다

2.
n. - 수사슴의 울음 소리
v. intr. - 울다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ベル, 鈴, 呼び鈴, 鐘, 鐘状のもの
v. - 鈴を付ける, 鐘状に広げる

idioms:

  • bell jar    ガラス鐘
  • bells and whistles    ちょっとした仕掛け
  • saved by the bell    ゴングに救われて, 他の突発事件で難を逃れる

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) جرس, , ناقوس, (فعل) علق جرسا ( في رقبه بقرة مثلا), اتخذ شكل ناقوس,‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮פעמון, צלצול פעמון, צורת פעמון‬
v. tr. - ‮התקין פעמון‬
v. intr. - ‮היה בצורת פעמון‬
n. - ‮געייה של צבי בעת ייחום‬
v. intr. - ‮צלצול פעמון, צורת פעמון, ענבל, געה בעת ייחום (צבי)‬

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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
How Products are Made. How Products are Made. Copyright © 2002 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Investment Dictionary. Copyright ©2000, Investopedia.com - Owned and Operated by Investopedia Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Financial & Investment Dictionary. Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms. Copyright © 2006 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Idioms. The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
English Folklore. A Dictionary of English Folklore. Copyright © 2000, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Archaeology Dictionary. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Copyright © 2002, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/  Read more
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eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; free trial.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Bell (instrument)".  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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